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Fishies Midterm > Mechanisms of Gill Ventilation > Flashcards

Mechanisms of Gill Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

Gill ventilation involves a ___. What is it called?

A
  • dual pump
  • buccal-opercular pump
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2
Q

How does dual pump work?

A
  • buccal (pressure) PUSHES water across gills while opercular (pressure) PULLS water across gill
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3
Q

What does the buccal-opercular pump do?

A
  • synchronously delivers near uniform water flow
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4
Q

The buccal-opercular pump is ____.

A
  • unidirectional
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4
Q

What happens to the buccal and opercular cavities when the mouth opens?

A
  • floor of mouth drops, putting more water in buccal cavity (pressure pulls water through gill sieve to opercular cavity)
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5
Q

How do fish increase ventilation? What does this do?

A
  • increase volume, depth of breath and frequency
  • supplies water to gill for gas exchange
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6
Q

What happens after the floor of the mouth raises?

A
  • buccal cavity pushes water to opercular cavity and out of gill
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7
Q

What is different about larval lamprey ventilation?

A
  • no buccal or opercular pump = velar pump
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8
Q

The velum is ___

A

muscular

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9
Q

How does water move in the velar pump?

A
  • UNIDIRECTIONAL
  • in through mouth, through gills and out of pores
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10
Q

How does the velar pump and compression-recoil of branchial chamber work?

A
  • velum pulls down dragging water in
  • compression causes positive pressure which forces water out
  • recoil causes negative pressure which pulls more water in through the mouth
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11
Q

What fish use tidal ventilation?

A
  • parasitic feeders
  • mouth is suction cup - cant breathe thru mouth while attached
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12
Q

Why cant parasitic feeders use their nostrils while feeding?

A
  • they are dead end
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13
Q

How do tidal breathers breathe?

A
  • in/out branchiophores
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14
Q

How do post metamorphic lamprey breathe?

A

via compression recoil

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15
Q

Describe how post metamorphic lamprey breathe

A
  • contraction of branchial musculature forces water out across gills and external branchiophore
  • elastic recoil that expands branchial pouch to draw in water
16
Q

What kind of feeders are hagfish

A
  • scavengers
17
Q

Explain hagfish ventilation

A
  • unidirectional using vellar pump
  • in through nostril, out through branchiophore
18
Q

What is apnea?

A
  • not breathing/holding breath while they burrow into prey
19
Q

Hagfish have one nostril that ___ ___ ____

A
  • continues through body
20
Q

What kind of pump do elasmobranchs use?

A
  • buccal-parabranchial pump
  • gill slits
21
Q

Why do elasmobranchs use a buccal-parabranchial pump?

A
  • they lack operculum = use gill slits instead
22
Q

What is the architecture of buccal-parabranchial pump?

A
  • lamella extending from filament
23
Q

What do gill arches consist of?

A
  • 4 holobranch
  • 1 hemibranch
24
Q

What are holobranchs?

A

pair of filaments

25
Q

Instead of an operculum, what do elasmobranchs have?

A
  • 5 gill slits covered by a flap valve
26
Q

What is a spiracle the remnant of?

A

first aortic arch

27
Q

What is the function of the spiracle?

A
  • chemosensory - tasting/sensing what is in water
  • water intake in skates and rays
28
Q

Describe the process of the buccal-parabranchial pump

A
  • water enters spiracle and mouth
  • flap valves close and water enters parabranchial chamber
  • exhale = spiracle closed, flap valves open
29
Q

What is RAM ventilation?

A
  • opens mouth and water enters
  • initiated by rapid swimming
30
Q

How does RAM ventilation work

A
  • critical velocity mouth opens and water forced through buccal cavity + acrross gills
31
Q

When is RAM ventilation initiated at?

A
  • 1.0-2.0 body lengths/sec
32
Q

What % efficiency do striped bass and sailfish have?

A
  • 8% increase in efficiency
33
Q

What is obligate RAM ventilation?

A
  • fish HAVE to swim to breathe
  • can get O2 from water
34
Q

What happens if fish stop swimming when they have obligate RAM ventilation?

A
  • asphyxiate (essentially suffocate)

Fishies Midterm (35 decks)

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