Mechanisms Of Inheritance & Biotech. Flashcards

Question

DNA vs. RNA

Answer 1

DNA RNA ——————————-)——————————- - Deoxyribonucleic acid ) - Ribonucleic acid - Codes for traits. ) - used in protein synthesis - Double stranded. ) - single stranded (twisted & coiled). ) - Found in nucleus ) - Found in nucleus & cytoplasm - sugar is deoxyribose ) - sugar is ribose - one type. ) - three types

Answer 2

Adenine Uracil Guanine Cytosine

Answer 3

``` Messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries the instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) which are both involved in the process of ordering the amino acids to make the protein. ```

Answer 4

DNA is transcribed into a small message to be carried to a ribosome (by a mRNA)

Answer 5

RNA polymerase ( an enzyme ) is used to “read” the message by “matching” the DNA code w. RNA bases

Answer 6

The mRNA is transported out of the nucleus, to find a ribosome in the cytoplasm

Answer 7

In the cytoplasm, mRNA moves to a ribosome made of rRNA where the protein is assembled

Answer 8

tRNA carries amino acids according to its anticodon, while mRNA holds the codons in the cytoplasm

Answer 9

Chromosomal mutations involve changes in the number or structure of chromosomes

Answer 10

1) Deletion 2) Duplication 3) Inversion 4) Translocation

Answer 11

A mutation that involves the loss of all of part of a chromosome

Answer 12

A mutation that reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome

Answer 13

A mutation that produces an extra copy f all or part of a chromosome

Answer 14

A mutation where one part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

Answer 15

Mutations that involve changes n one or a few nucleotides

Answer 16

1) Substitution 2) Deletion 3) Insertion

Answer 17

A mutation where a single nucleotide is replaced or substituted

Answer 18

A mutation similar to insertion, it shifts the reading frame of a genetic message and can change all of the amino acids after that mutation

Answer 19

A mutation where a single nucleotide is inserted into the DNA sequence causing a frameshift to occur, leading to all the amino acids after to be changed

Answer 20

DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources

Answer 21

When cloned genes are used to modify a human

Answer 22

An organism with genetically identical cells produced from a single cell

Answer 23

You take and grow a single cell that is genetically identical to the adult organism until it becomes an entirely new individual that is genetically identical to the owner of then original cell

Answer 24

The 1st and 2nd cells of the embryo separated and each became a complete individual

Answer 25

1) To produce a large quantity of the genes protein product ex//insulin 2) To learn how a cloned gene codes for a particular protein 3) To use the genes to alter the phenotypes of other organisms in a beneficial way

Answer 26

An organism that contains genes from other organisms

Answer 27

By inserting recombinant DNA into the genome of a host organism

Answer 28

She produced the X-ray crystallography pictures of DNA

Answer 29

He isolated the chemicals that made up white blood cells, which he called nuclien

Answer 30

She showed that chromosomal crossovers happen in corn chromosomes, and later discovered that x-rays could cause translocations, inversions, deletions, and ring chromosomes in corn

Answer 31

He discovered transformation in bacteria, and proved cell fragments of dead, disease-causing bacteria could still cause pneumonia when allowed to come in contact with harmless bacteria

Answer 32

They studied bacrophages (a type of virus that attacks bacteria) and discovered that viral DNA had the info to produce more viruses

Answer 33

Correctly proposed the structure of DNA, as well as ran the Human Genome Project from 1988 to 1992, and made the cold spring harbor lab

Mechanisms Of Inheritance & Biotech. Flashcards

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