Mechanisms of Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
(21 cards)
What are the 3 types of genetics?
Transmission, population, molecular
What is the experimental approach to transmission genetics?
The genetic cross
What does transmission genetics explore?
How traits are passed from one generation to the next
What are genes?
Genetic determinants which pass from one generation to the next as discrete units
What is molecular genetics?
A biochemical approach to understanding genetic material
What is population genetics?
Genetic variation of populations and how this is related to the environment. Uses mathematical models to explain prevalence of certain alleles.
What are the characteristics of a model organism?
Short generation time, production of numerous progeny, the ability to be grown in a laboratory environment
What is the centromere?
The part on a chromosome where microtubule spindles attach during metaphase.
What is a telomere?
The tip of a linear chromosome
What is the origin of replication?
Where the DNA synthesis begins
What is meiosis?
The production of haploid gametes from a diploid cell
What is fertilization?
The fusion of two haploid gametes
What is a consequence of meiosis?
Genetic Variation
How many cells are produced in meiosis?
4 daughter cells, genetically different from the parent and each other
What is an allele?
One of the forms of a gene
What is a genotype?
The combination of alleles possessed by a single organism
What is a phenotype?
The physical appearance of a characteristic
What is a characteristic?
An attribute or feature possessed by an organism
What is the law of segregation?
The principle that alleles separate, or segregate, during meiosis so that each gamete only has 1 allele.
What is the concept of dominance?
One allele masks the other allele in the heterozygous genotype; the phenotype of the dominant allele only will show
What is the principle of independent assortment?
Alleles at different loci(on a chromosome) separate independently during meiosis
