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Chemistry > Mechanisms, Reagents and Conditions > Flashcards

Mechanisms, Reagents and Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Alkanes to Halogenoalkanes

A

Mechanism: Free radical sub
Reagents: Br2, Cl2
Condition: UV Light
Equation: RH + Cl2 ——- RCl + HCl

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2
Q

Alkene to Poly(alkene)

A

Mechanism: Addition Polymerisation
Condition: Low Temperature, High Pressure

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3
Q

Alkene to Dihalogenoalkane

A

Mechanism: Electrophilic Addition
Reagents: Br2, Cl2
Condition: Room Temp

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4
Q

Alkene to Alcohol

A

Mechanism: Hydration
Reagents: Steam
Condition: 300degrees, 60 atm, H3PO4 catalyst

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5
Q

Haloalkane to Alcohol

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic sub
Reagents: NaOH(aq) or KOH(aq)
Condition: heat under reflux
Equation: R-X + OH- ——- R-OH + X

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6
Q

Haloalkane to Nitrile

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Sub
Reagents: KCN in aqueous ethanol
Condition: heat under reflux
Equation: R-X + CN- ——- R-CN + X

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7
Q

Haloalkane to Amine

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic Sub
Reagents: NH3 in ethanol in a sealed tube
Condition: Heat under pressure
Equation: R-X + 2NH3 ——- R-NH2 + NH4X

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8
Q

Haloalkene to Alkene

A

Mechanism: Elimination
Reagents: KOH in ethanol
Condition: Heat under reflux

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9
Q

Primary Alcohol to Aldehyde

A

Mechanism: Oxidation
Reagents: potassium dichromate and dilute sulphuric acid
Condition: Warm, distillation
Equation: RCH2OH + [O] ——- RCHO + H2O

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10
Q

Secondary Alcohol to Ketone

A

Mechanism: Oxidation
Reagents: Potassium dichromate and dilute H2SO4
Condition:
Equation: R1CH(OH)R2 + [O] —— R1COR2 + H2O

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11
Q

Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid

A

Mechanism: Oxidation
Reagents: potassium dichromate and dilute sulphuric acid
Condition: Heat under reflux
Equation: R-CHO + [O] —— R-COOH

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12
Q

Carboxylic acid to Ester

A

Mechanism: Esterification
Reagents: Alcohol and H2SO4
Condition: Heat

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13
Q

Alcohol to Alkene

A

Mechanism: Elimination
Reagents: concentrated sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid
Condition: Heat

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14
Q

Acyl Chloride to Carboxylic acid

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition-elim
Reagents: H20
Condition: Room Temp

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15
Q

Acyl Chloride to Ester

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition-elimination
Reagents: Alcohol
Condition: Room temp

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16
Q

Acyl Chloride to Primary Amide

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition-elimination
Reagents: NH3
Condition: Room Temp

17
Q

Nitrile to Primary amine

A

Mechanism: Reduction
Reagents: LiAl4
Condition: Dry ether

18
Q

Primary Amine to 2nd, 3rd Amine, and Quaternary salt

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic sub
Reagents: halogenoalkanes

19
Q

Glucose to ethanol

A

Mechanism: Fermentation
Reagents: yeast
Condition: 35 – 55 degrees, no air
Equation: C6H12O6 —– 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

20
Q

Aldehyde to Alcohol

A

Mechanism: Nucleophilic addition
Reagents: NaBH4

Chemistry (1 decks)

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