mechanisms2 Flashcards
( nucleophilic substitution) bromoethane reacts with hydroxide to form… : ( draw mechanism)
ethanol
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_PwogFJjU
(addition reaction - of halogens -) bromine and ethene react : (draw mechanism)
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_IyjhkRsI
(addition reaction - of hydrogen halides -) HBr and ethene react : (draw mechanism)
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_IyjhkRsI
(addition reaction - of concentrated sulphuric acid -) ethene reacts with sulphuric acid to form… : (draw mechanism)
- How is the alkyl hydrogen sulphate produced turned into alcohols and sulphuric acid?
ethyl hydrogen sulfate
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_IyjhkRsI
- Water and heat hydrolyse the alkyl hydrogen sulfate to alcohols and sulfuric acid showing that sulfuric acid is a catalyst in the hydration of alkenes.
(addition reaction - aka hydration reaction -) Under the influence of a phosphoric(V )- 5 acid catalyst, alkenes react with steam at 300°C and 60-70 atm pressure, undergoing hydration to form alcohols.
water and ethene react : (draw mechanism)
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_IyjhkRsI
( dehydration a type of ) elimination reaction facilitated by a heated acid catalyst such as concentrated H2SO4.
Draw the mechanism for dehydrating ethanol in the presence of a concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst
ethene
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_VWkVXPcE
oxidation of primary alcohol just use r for the alkyl group( including further oxidation):
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_VWkVXPcE
oxidation of secondary alcohol just use r for the alkyl group :
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_VWkVXPcE
(free radical substitution) Methane reacts vigorously with chlorine gas in the presence of UV light, as represented by the equation: (4)
write the equations and give the names
1) Stage 1 - Initiation
UV light breaks the Cl-Cl bond in chlorine via homolytic fission to give two chlorine radicals (Cl*):
Cl2 ➔ 2Cl *
2) Stage 2 - Propagation
The chlorine radical attacks a methane molecule in a substitution reaction:
Cl* + CH4 ➔ CH3* + HCl
The methyl radical (CH3) attacks another chlorine molecule:
CH3 + Cl2 ➔ CH3Cl + Cl*
This propagation cycle continues until reagents are used up.
3) Stage 3 - Termination
Two radicals join to form a stable covalent bond:
Cl* + CH3* ➔ CH3Cl
Other combinations like 2CH3* ➔ C2H6 or 2Cl* ➔ Cl2 are also possible.
4) The end products of the termination step depend on which reagent is in excess:
Excess chlorine - Further substitution on products like chloromethane occurs, producing a mixture of products such as CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, and CCl4.
Excess methane - Predominantly single substitution occurs to form chloromethane.
( nucleophilic substitution) bromoethane reacts with cyanide to form … : (draw mechanism)
ethanenitrile https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_PwogFJjU
( nucleophilic substitution) bromoethane reacts with ammonia to form… : (draw mechanism)
ethylamine
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_PwogFJjU
(elimination reaction)
2-iodopropane reacts with OH- : (draw mechanism)
propene
https://cognitoedu.org/coursesubtopic/c3-alevel-aqa_gjGLXoJA
