MED 118 due cards Flashcards
(33 cards)
ethnics
branch of knowledge that deals with standards of behavior or beliefs.
why should MA’s study ethnics?
-an important part of an individuals educatiom to develop the intellectual skills needed to analyze complex problems and justify choices made in certain situations
-society has become increasingly complex, average citizens are more aware that choices affect not only people living now but alo those who will live in the future. [Responsibility for future generations and humanity as a whole]
-sophisticated medical treatment and new technologies are constanly becoming available. Need to make fair choices about health care resources
-every single year biomedical research makes it possible to do more things with which the world has no previous experience
what are laws?
-Laws regulate public behavior
-Laws based on society’s beliefs about right and wrong
-Interpretation of law also based on beliefs about right and wrong
-[the action of explaining the meaning of something: explaination]
what are rights?
-a claim that is expected to be honored
natural rights [right to life]
[right to life, connected with abortion] PA traditionally did not assist with terminating life
Declaration of Independence
no human being has the right to kill another, found in religions and traditions.
Hippocratic Oath.
right to privacy
bill of rights [4th amendemnt]
-womans right to control reproduction, birth control, abortion
- patients right to condfidentiality
right to autonomy;
a persons right to make independent decisions about health care according to their values and concers without constrait or coercion by others
must be based on adequate information
(informed cosent; consent based on the understanding of a medical procedure and its possible outcomes.)
law limits; people with decreased mental capacity [I.E. mentally retarded, mental capacity has been impaired by illness, such as drugs, alc]
what is “Do no harm nonmalfeasance”
Correlate the concept of duties to the actions expected of health professionals.
-no harm in any treatment given
-hipporcratic oath
-medical benefits should outweight adverse effects
-patients whos conditions are so serious that doing nothing is likely to be as dangerous as the treatment or procedure being studied!
Do the best possible (beneficence
Correlate the concept of duties to the actions expected of health professionals.
-doing the best possible!
-hard to pinpoint what exaclty harm and good are?
tell the truth
Correlate the concept of duties to the actions expected of health professionals.
tell the truth
Correlate the concept of duties to the actions expected of health professionals.
-veracity; truthfulness
-scientific traditions
-healthcare providers must provide truthful information without having to be asked.
-ex; experiments be must be accurate and reviewed by other scientitsts to see if the results can be replicated; then should be published for the benefit of all.
Correlate the concept of duties to the actions expected of health professionals.
[be a patient adovcate]
-Concept of fidelity includes expectation that patients’ needs come first
-adovcate; a person who intercedes on behalf of another person
-MA’s functions as an adovcate for patient by suggesting appropriate community referrals to the Physiscan.
-also to protect patients safety MA may report unsafe or illegal behavior to proper authorities.
.Describe how genetic engineering and cloning generate ethical conflict in society.
what is genetic engineering?
what is the issue of genetical engineering?
what is colning?
what are opponents aruging over?
-genetic engineering; is making, altering, or repairing genetic material
-issue of of geneticall engineered: crops and other food products
-cloning; reproducing genetically identical cells or people :D
[-human cloning is prohibted, no federal legislation]
-Opponents argue that we cannot predict all of the possible effects of manipulating genetic material
- likely to see unexpected and unwanted consequences to ourselves or other species
what is gene therapy and its con?
-Experimental treatments that attempt to treat or cure diseases by giving patients new genes or gene parts, which may be made in the lab, taken from human tissue, or engeried genetic material of animals, other spieces.
-expensive and treatment may noy restore complete function
Describe how refusing or withholding treatment generate ethical conflict in society.
-1990 Patient Self-Determination Act; establishes healthcare provider/organizations to inform all patients of their right to express their wishes related to health care and refuse treatment.
-Rely on written instructions if individual no longer can speak for self.
-courts have allowed mentally ill patinets to refuse treatment for their conditon :D.
Describe how Physiscan assisted sucides generate ethical conflict in society
-physicain assisted suicides; euthanasia (good death); writing a prescription for a patient of a lethal dose of pain killer or other medication, PA cannot administer medicaition.
-brings fears that the power to take life will be abused—that it will be used more for the convenience of others than forthe ones who are dying.
-Advocates for the disabled have argued that; severely disabled are too much of a financial and physical burden and therefore having them euthanized.
-in oregion 1997 became first state to legalize assisted sucide
what are advance directives?
-May specify care to be given or avoided and name a person to make medical decisions if the individual should become incompetent.
-Patient may want to arrange for organ donation
-DNR orders should be kept in the medical record (or if the patient is at home, family must have a copy to show emergenrcy perosonnel)
-A living will gives instructions on how to treat a patient who becomes incompetent
DNR; do not resuscitate.
what is a living will?
-a document executed by a person that gives medical professionals instructions about how they wish to be treated in the event of becoming incompetent.
what is Do-Not-Resuscitate Order
-Requested by either a patient or health care agent.
- A written order from the physician in the patient’s medical record that allows medical staff not to resuscitate in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest
what is a health care proxy?
Executed by an individual before or during illness. Names a health care agent who has the ability to make decisions about care, including signing a do-not-resuscitate order.
may also outline the types of care that the individual does or does not wish to receive. It becomes effective only when the individual becomes incapable of making his or her own decisions.
What does acting professional ethnic mean?
-medical assistant cannot withhold (refuse to give the physician info) from the physician information given by the patient related to the medical condition
-Cannot legally suggest another treatment plan if they don’t agree with physician
-Process Used to Make Ethical Decisions
[gathering information] [ identifying conflicting values]
- Gathering information
Background about the situation
Facts related to the specific problem
Information about the people involved, their knowledge of the situation, and their mental capacity
The impact of any laws or institutional policies that relate to the situation
Identifying conflicting values
-Conflict may be about ideals or practicalities
-Individual wishes may conflict with duties or rights
organ donation status (adavance directives)
Authorization to donate organs after death either by signing up with a website or including in a license application.
separate organ donor card, organ-donor designation on an individual’s driver’s license or ID card.
If a person has signed up using a state database, a separate card is not usually issued.
Personal, Professional, and Organizational Ethics
1. what does professional ethnics take over?
2. what does professional ethnics requires that the MA follow?
-Professional ethics take precedence over personal beliefs and morals
[ex; a MA may believe that a parent who is paying the medical bill should be given the results of laboratory tests done on his or her child. Legally, however, after age 18, information about a patient can be given only with the patient’s consent.]
-professional ethnics requires that the medical assistant follow the law to maintain patient confidentiality no matter what he or she believes personally.
what is Durable Power of Attorney
?
-Provides a written authorization to act on the behalf of another that remains in effect even if the grantor becomes incapacitated.
- An authorization limited to health care decisions only is called a durable power of attorney for health care decisions or a medical durable power of attorney.
