Med Again Flashcards
(29 cards)
When should fleicanide be avoided ?
Anti-arrhythmic drug that should be avoided in patients with structural heart abnormalities
MOA of digoxin
slows the atrioventricular node in atrial fibrillation
No periods at 16 - first line test ?
FSH and LH levels
23 year old female, difficulty losing weight, acanthosis nigricans and alopecia, increasing amounts of hair on her upper lip and beneath the umbilicus, periods are less frequent
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Diagnostic test for acromegaly
Oral glucose tolerance test
What cells produce insulin ?
Beta cells
What do delta cells produce ?
Somatostatin
What cells produce glucagon ?
Alpha cells
How is glucagon converted to glucose ?
Glycogen binds to liver receptors.
Stimulates glycogen phosphorylase to convert glucagon to glucose
How is RR affected in DKA
Increased
Rapid, deep breathing in DKA = Kussmaul breathing
Initial investigation for primary hyperaldosteronism ?
Aldosterone:renin ratio
Screening test -
High blood pressure, low potassium
Investigate Conn’s syndrome
What is allodynia ?
Heightened sensitivity to pain
(associated with neuropathy)
Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
Hashimoto’s
(also Grave’s)
Why does low aldosterone cause hypotension ?
Reduced sodium reabsorption
Gliclazide MOA
Depolarises islet cells which increases insulin release
SGLT2 inhibitor MOA
Increases urinary excretion of glucose
Sitagliptin MOA
DPP4 inhibitor which prevents GLP-1 breakdown thereby increasing insulin release
Cells found in red bone marrow
Mesenchymal and haematopoietic stem cells
Main component of inorganic bone extracellular matrix (ECM)
Hydroxyapatite
(also the main inorganic component of dentine)
Definition of osteomalacia
Osteopenia with disordered calcification leading to a higher proportion of osteoid (unmineralised) tissue after epiphyseal closure
Effect of parathyroid hormone on kidneys
Blocks reabsorption of phosphate, promotes calcium reabsorption
Serum calcium increases - what happens to serum phosphate ?
Decreases as it binds to calcium
What cells break down bone tissue ?
Osteoclasts
