med emergencies in the rad dept

Question 1

Objectives:

Answer 1

1. Preserving life.
2. Avoiding further harm to the patient.
3. Obtaining appropriate medical assistance as quickly as possible.

Question 2

The medical emergencies most likely occur in the Radiology Department not necessarily related to trauma are:

Answer 2

shock, anaphylaxis, diabetic reactions, cerebral vascular accidents, cardiac and respiratory failure ,
fainting and convulsions.

Question 3

physiologic reactions to illness or
trauma in which there is a
disturbance of blood flow to the
vital organs or decreased ability of
the body tissues to use oxygen and
other nutrients needed to
maintain them in healthy state.

Answer 3

Shock

Question 4

Major classes of shock includes:

Answer 4

Hypovolemic Shock
Septic Shock
Cardiogenic Shock
Neurogenic Shock
Anaphylatic Shock

Question 5

caused by inadequate blood volume

Answer 5

Hypovolemic Shock

Question 6

associated with infections

Answer 6

Septic Shock

Question 7

associated with heart problems

Answer 7

Cardiogenic Shock

Question 8

caused by damage to the nervous system

Answer 8

Neurogenic Shock

Question 9

caused by allergic reactions

Answer 9

Anaphylactic Shock

Question 10

General Symptoms of shock includes:

Answer 10

1. Decrease temperature
2. A weak thready pulse
3. A rapid heart beat
4. Rapid shallow respirations
5. Hypotension
6. Skin pallor
7. Cyanosis and increased thirst
8. Altered mental status

Question 11

caused by abnormally low volume of circulating
blood in the body.

Answer 11

Hypovolemic Shock

Question 12

it maybe due to internal or external
hemorrhage; loss of plasma because of burns;
fluid loss from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea;
heat prostration; or insufficient release of anti-
diuretic hormone.

Answer 12

Hypovolemic Shock

Question 13

Signs and symptoms of hypovolemic shock:

Answer 13

Altered conscious state
Pale or bluish, cool moist skin
Rapid Breathing
Restleness or irritability
Excessive Thirst
Rapid or weak pulse
Nausea and/or vomiting

Question 14

Be prepared to assist with administration of . oxygen, intravenousfluids, or medications. Keep the patient warm and dry, check blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiration every ________

Answer 14

10 minutes

Question 15

Hypovolemic Shock

it maybe due to internal or external
hemorrhage; loss of ______ because of burns;
fluid loss from prolonged vomiting or diarrhea;
heat prostration; or insufficient release of anti-
diuretic hormone.

Answer 15

plasma

Question 16

If there is blood loss from an open wound, apply pressure directly to the wound with a

Answer 16

dry sterile dressings

Question 17

caused by severe systemic infections and bacteria (bacterial endotoxins released in the bloodstream). Symptoms progress somewhat differently from those other types of shock.

Answer 17

Septic Shock

Question 18

Scale used to initially assess a patient’s mental status

Answer 18

AVPU SCALE

Question 19

AVPU means

Answer 19

Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive

Question 20

Septic Shock:

Take the vital signs every ______

Answer 20

10 minutes

Question 21

caused by a failure of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the vital organs.

Answer 21

Cardiogenic Shock

Question 22

Cardiogenic Shock:

Signs and Symptoms:
May be a result of:
1. Insufficient blood supply due to

Answer 22

dehydration, bleeding or swelling.

Question 23

Cardiogenic Shock:

Signs and Symptoms:
May be a result of:

Too many or too few electrolytes (eg. _____, ______) that
cause irregular heartbeats or dangerous rhythms in the heart.

Answer 23

potassium, magnesium

Question 24

RT Actions in Cardiogenic Shock:

Place the patient in a ____________ or a position for comfort.

Answer 24

semi -Fowler’s position

Question 25

RT Actions in Cardiogenic Shock: Take vital signs every ____

Answer 25

5 to 10 minutes.

Question 26

occurs when concussion, spinal cord injury , psychic trauma, or spinal anesthesia causes abnormal dilatation of the peripheral blood vessels. This dilatation in turns causes a fall in blood pressure as blood pools in the veins. This leads to reduced cardiac output.

Answer 26

Neurogeneric Shock

Question 27

RT Actions in Neurogenic Shock: Keep patient flat , and monitor vital signs every

Answer 27

10 minutes.

Question 28

RT Actions: Prepare to assist with?

Answer 28

oxygen, intravenous fluid and medication administration.

Question 29

a life threatening type of allergic reaction .

Answer 29

Anaphylactic Shock

Question 30

it is the result of exaggeratedhypersensitivity reaction (allergic reaction) to an antigen that was previously encountered by body’s immune system.

Answer 30

Anaphylactic Shock

Question 31

Anaphylactic Shock: The reaction is accompanied by contraction of ____________ , particularly the __________ of the respiratory system.

Answer 31

non vascular smooth muscles smooth muscles

Question 32

common causes of anaphylaxis are:

Answer 32

drugs, iodinated contrast agents , chemotherapeutic agents, anesthetics ,certain foods and venoms entering the body.

Question 33

Late symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock: ______ of the face, hands, and other body parts; urticaria

Answer 33

Angioneurotic edema

Question 34

People who know they are susceptible to anaphylaxis should carry emergency kits that contain an injection of ________

Answer 34

epinephrine

Question 35

a rapidly acting hormone that reverses the effects of anaphylactic shock.

Answer 35

epinephrine

Question 36

seen in diabetics who have injected too much insulin, causing severe hypoglycemia (low blood-sugar levels)

Answer 36

Insulin Shock

Question 37

commonly known as fainting

Answer 37

Psychogenic Shock

Question 38

Loss of blood from injury or internal m hemorrhage, loss of plasma from burns, or other cause of severe dehydration

Answer 38

Hypovolemic Shock

Question 39

Injury to the nervous system caused by head or spinal trauma

Answer 39

Neurogenic

Question 40

Cardiac failure caused by interference with the heart function; may be caused by embolism, cardiac tamponade, or complications from anesthesia

Answer 40

Cardiogenic

Question 41

Massive infection, usually by gram-negative bacteria

Answer 41

Septic

Question 42

Contact with foreign substances, usually proteins, to which the individual has become sensitized (including bee stings and some medications); iodine contrast agents for radiographic imaging may precipitate a similar response

Answer 42

Anaphylactic

Question 43

low-blood sugar level

Answer 43

hypoglycemia

Question 44

RT Actions: Septic Shock Place the patient in a flat supine position and keep him quiet. Do not leave him unattended - If the patient skin is very warm, cover him only with ________

Answer 44

bedsheet

Question 45

Hypotension and Bradycardia are symptoms of?

Answer 45

Neurogenic shock