Low blood pressure Fast heart rate Florid rash Chest tightness Condition rapidly deteriorating

Med soc phase 2a SBA 2021 Flashcards by Cihpled enacra

ECG shows no observable relationship between Q waves and QRS complexes. Likely condition?

Third degree heart block - atria and ventricles beat independently

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ECG shows consistent PR intervals and a random p wave not followed by QRS complex

Mobitz 2

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Describe ECG findings of Mobitz 1

PR intervals become progressively longer until p wave is completely blocked (no QRS complex)

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Presents with increasing breathlessness over last few months. Develops dry cough. Smoker. Exam shows clubbing and end-expiratory, bi-basilar crackles

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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45y/o woman presents with Hx of worsening jaundice, pruritus and malaise. Hx of Sjogren’s. Likely diagnosis?

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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45 y/o man admitted with head and neck stiffness. LP reveals: cloudy fluid, high neutrophils, low glucose, high protein and gram -ve diplococcus seen. Name causative organism

Neisseria meningitidis

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MC type of bladder cancer

Transitional cell carcinomas

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63 y/o male presents with visible but painless haematuria. He’s a lifelong smoker. Experiencing dysuria. Most likely diagnosis

Bladder cancer - transitional cell as mc

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Presents with left knee that is hot, swollen and tender. Temp of 38.6. Most likely diagnosis

Septic arthritis

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What scoring system is used to asses the severity of community acquired pneumonia

CURB-65
* Confusion, Urea, RR, BP, Age

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Duke’s criteria asses what condition

Infective endocarditis
Definite/ possible

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Scoring system to determine the need for anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation

CHA2DS2- VASC
2 or more = required

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Describe Tensilon test

Edrophonium chloride injected
Temporary improvement in muscle strength after = likely myasthenia gravis

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Why is Tensilon test rarely done

Risk of serious SE e.g slowing heart beat and breathing problems

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Right foot drop. Large volume of alcohol the day before. Ankle dorsiflexion and eversion are weak. Likely diagnosis

Common peroneal nerve palsy (L4-S1)

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What infection does owl eye inclusion bodies indicate

Cytomegalovirus infection

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GS investigation for osteoporosis

DEXA - bone mineral density scan

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What blood test confirms progression of Paget’s disease of bone

Raised serum alkaline phosphatase

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Signs of anaphylaxis

Low blood pressure
Fast heart rate
Florid rash
Chest tightness
Condition rapidly deteriorating

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Itchy rash affecting antecubital fossa and popliteal fossae. Likely condition?

Atopic eczema

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Productive cough with discoloured sputum. Wheezy with normal CXR. Sputum sample shows gram -ve bacilli. Likely organism?

Haemophilus influenzae

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Unwell for 3m with a cough and 5kg of weight loss. Intermittent fever. Likely causative organism?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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IVDU collapses following 2d Hx of rapidly increasing malaise, fever and patchy rash . Systolic heart murmur. Urine dipstick shows proteinuria and blood . Likely condition?

Infective endocarditis

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23 y/o woman presents with 2d Hx of urinary frequency and dysuria. Penicillin and cephalosporin allergy. Microscopy shows RBC and WBC. Culture yields E.coli. Most appropriate Ab treatment

Nitrofurantoin
Likely diagnosis is cystitis and this is first line Tx in non-pregnant women

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68y/o on ward after acute ant MI and ECGs show development of pathological Q waves. Already on antiplatelets and ACEi. High HR and BP. Which med should be prescribed

Beta blocker - atenolol

Px returns from morocco with mild fever, diarrhoea and slight jaundice. Drank water from streams while abroad and wasn't vaccined. Most likely cause

Hepatitis A

75 y/o presents with syncopal attacks and has harsh systolic murmur over 2nd intercostal space. Likely diagnosis?

Calcific aortic stenosis

73 y/o woman presents with easy bleeding and widespread purpura. Low platelet count. Most appropriate treatment

Prednisolone Could be immune or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura but not enough Hx

Admitted with cough and dyspnoea. Wakes up at night gasping for breath. Exam shows tachycardia, tachypnoea and bilateral basal crepitations. Most likely diagnosis

Pulmonary oedema Could be due to pneumoniae or HF

Px on dementia ward presents with severe diarrhoea. Stool culture reveals gram +ve bacillus and a toxin is detected on cell culture. Likely causative organism?

Clostridium difficile

What type of bacteria is salmonella enterica

Gram negative bacilli

Recommended duration of moderate physical activity per week for adults aged 19-64

150 minutes

What type of drug is infliximab

Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor - blocks inflammation

What type of drug is rituximab

Monoclonal Ab Targets protein CD20 on B cells

5 organisms that cause UTIs

E.coli - mc Proteus Mirabilis Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterococci (e.g. enterococcus faecalis) Staph saprophyticus

What hormone is tested for the diagnosis of testicular cancer

Beta human chorionic gonadotropin

GS test for DVT/ Pulm embolism

CT pulmonary angiogram

Medication for raised intracranial pressure

Mannitol

Stain used to identify culture of mycobacterium Tb Give results

Ziehl Neelsen Will appear pink in presence of acid-fast bacilli

What drug is used to rapidly reverse opioid overdose

Naloxone

Pattern of protein and glucose in CSF in bacterial meningitis

Raised protein Low glucose

5 tumours that commonly metastasise to bone

Breast Lungs Thyroid Kidney Prostate

Ab treatment of cellulitis

IV flucloxacillin IV clarithromycin if penicillin allergy

2 Atypical bacteria that cause community acquired pneumonia

* Legionella pneumophilia * Chlamydophila pneumoniae

What is an effective therapeutic INR range for people taking warfarin

2-3

Signs of LMN lesion

* Fasciculations - twitching * Hypotonia and muscle wasting * Hyporeflexia

Signs of a UMN lesion

* Hyperreflexia * Hypertonia - rigid * +ve Babinski's signs

Pattern of blood volume and sodium levels in SIADH

Normovolaemic, hyponatraemic Water reabsorption isn't enough to cause fluid overload

Define prevalence

Proportion of population found to have disease at a point in time

Define incidence

Number of new cases per unit time e.g. number per year

5 conditions part of the UK screening programme

* Diabetic retinopathy (>12) * Cervical cancer (25-64) * Breast cancer (50-70) * Bowel cancer (60-74 every 2y) * Abdo aortic aneurysm (>65)

4 notifiable disease

* Scarlet fever * Rubella * Tetanus * Malaria

Which ethical frameworks is defined by the following? ‘Actions are right if they do the most benefit for the most people’.

Utilitarianism

Difference between pre-contemplation and contemplation stages of the transtheoretical model

* Precontemplation - no intention of changing behaviour * Contemplation - aware problem exists but no commitment to action

Sx of Covid that require immediate isolation

* Pyrexia - fever * Anosmia - loss of smell * Ageusia - loss of taste * Persistent cough

PHQ-9 used for...?

Measure severity of depression and response to Tx

When should postnatal baby check be

6-8 weeks after birth

Presents with burning sensation in middle of chest that's worse lying or bending down. Nocturnal breathlessness. No haematemesis or dysphagia. No weight loss. 1st line medication?

Proton pump inhibitor - omeprazole

4 causes of peptic ulcers

* H.pylori * Recurrent NSAID use * Increased gastric acid production * Mucosal ischaemia

Intermittent abdo pain, vomiting >1w, hasn't opened bowels/ passed wind in a few days. Likely diagnosis

Small bowel obstruction Vomiting before constipation

Treatment of H.pylori

Clarithromycin + amoxicillin + omeprazole

RFs of GORD

* Obesity * Pregnancy * Hiatus hernias * Smoking * NSAIDs * Male

4 complications of GORD

* Oesophageal ulcers * Oesophagitis * Barret's * Oesophageal strictures

Pain better when eating but pain several hours AFTER eating. Which type of ulcer?

Duodenal ulcer

Unilateral, intermittent loin to groin pain. GS investigation?

Non-contrast CT kidney, ureter and bladder

Clinical picture of nephrotic syndrome

Proteinuria Hypoalbuminemia Peripheral oedema Hyperlipidaemia

Classify a patient with known CKD who has GFR of 75

Stage 2

Function of furosemide

Loop diuretic that acts on ascending limb of loop of Henle

Med soc phase 2a SBA 2021 Flashcards

(68 cards)