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Incorrect med/PTS Qs > Med soc phase 2a SBA 2021 > Flashcards

Med soc phase 2a SBA 2021 Flashcards

1
Q

ECG shows no observable relationship between Q waves and QRS complexes. Likely condition?

A

Third degree heart block - atria and ventricles beat independently

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2
Q

ECG shows consistent PR intervals and a random p wave not followed by QRS complex

A

Mobitz 2

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3
Q

Describe ECG findings of Mobitz 1

A

PR intervals become progressively longer until p wave is completely blocked (no QRS complex)

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4
Q

Presents with increasing breathlessness over last few months. Develops dry cough. Smoker. Exam shows clubbing and end-expiratory, bi-basilar crackles

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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5
Q

45y/o woman presents with Hx of worsening jaundice, pruritus and malaise. Hx of Sjogren’s. Likely diagnosis?

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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6
Q

45 y/o man admitted with head and neck stiffness. LP reveals: cloudy fluid, high neutrophils, low glucose, high protein and gram -ve diplococcus seen. Name causative organism

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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7
Q

MC type of bladder cancer

A

Transitional cell carcinomas

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8
Q

63 y/o male presents with visible but painless haematuria. He’s a lifelong smoker. Experiencing dysuria. Most likely diagnosis

A

Bladder cancer - transitional cell as mc

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9
Q

Presents with left knee that is hot, swollen and tender. Temp of 38.6. Most likely diagnosis

A

Septic arthritis

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10
Q

What scoring system is used to asses the severity of community acquired pneumonia

A

CURB-65
* Confusion, Urea, RR, BP, Age

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11
Q

Duke’s criteria asses what condition

A

Infective endocarditis
Definite/ possible

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12
Q

Scoring system to determine the need for anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation

A

CHA2DS2- VASC
2 or more = required

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13
Q

Describe Tensilon test

A
  • Edrophonium chloride injected
  • Temporary improvement in muscle strength after = likely myasthenia gravis
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14
Q

Why is Tensilon test rarely done

A

Risk of serious SE e.g slowing heart beat and breathing problems

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15
Q

Right foot drop. Large volume of alcohol the day before. Ankle dorsiflexion and eversion are weak. Likely diagnosis

A

Common peroneal nerve palsy (L4-S1)

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16
Q

What infection does owl eye inclusion bodies indicate

A

Cytomegalovirus infection

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17
Q

GS investigation for osteoporosis

A

DEXA - bone mineral density scan

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18
Q

What blood test confirms progression of Paget’s disease of bone

A

Raised serum alkaline phosphatase

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19
Q

Signs of anaphylaxis

A
  • Low blood pressure
  • Fast heart rate
  • Florid rash
  • Chest tightness
  • Condition rapidly deteriorating
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20
Q

Itchy rash affecting antecubital fossa and popliteal fossae. Likely condition?

A

Atopic eczema

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21
Q

Productive cough with discoloured sputum. Wheezy with normal CXR. Sputum sample shows gram -ve bacilli. Likely organism?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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22
Q

Unwell for 3m with a cough and 5kg of weight loss. Intermittent fever. Likely causative organism?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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23
Q

IVDU collapses following 2d Hx of rapidly increasing malaise, fever and patchy rash . Systolic heart murmur. Urine dipstick shows proteinuria and blood . Likely condition?

A

Infective endocarditis

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24
Q

23 y/o woman presents with 2d Hx of urinary frequency and dysuria. Penicillin and cephalosporin allergy. Microscopy shows RBC and WBC. Culture yields E.coli. Most appropriate Ab treatment

A

Nitrofurantoin
Likely diagnosis is cystitis and this is first line Tx in non-pregnant women

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25
Q

68y/o on ward after acute ant MI and ECGs show development of pathological Q waves. Already on antiplatelets and ACEi. High HR and BP. Which med should be prescribed

A

Beta blocker - atenolol

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26
Q

Px returns from morocco with mild fever, diarrhoea and slight jaundice. Drank water from streams while abroad and wasn’t vaccined. Most likely cause

A

Hepatitis A

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27
Q

75 y/o presents with syncopal attacks and has harsh systolic murmur over 2nd intercostal space. Likely diagnosis?

A

Calcific aortic stenosis

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28
Q

73 y/o woman presents with easy bleeding and widespread purpura. Low platelet count. Most appropriate treatment

A

Prednisolone
Could be immune or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura but not enough Hx

29
Q

Admitted with cough and dyspnoea. Wakes up at night gasping for breath. Exam shows tachycardia, tachypnoea and bilateral basal crepitations. Most likely diagnosis

A

Pulmonary oedema
Could be due to pneumoniae or HF

30
Q

Px on dementia ward presents with severe diarrhoea. Stool culture reveals gram +ve bacillus and a toxin is detected on cell culture. Likely causative organism?

A

Clostridium difficile

31
Q

What type of bacteria is salmonella enterica

A

Gram negative bacilli

32
Q

Recommended duration of moderate physical activity per week
for adults aged 19-64

A

150 minutes

33
Q

What type of drug is infliximab

A

Tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor - blocks inflammation

34
Q

What type of drug is rituximab

A

Monoclonal Ab
Targets protein CD20 on B cells

35
Q

5 organisms that cause UTIs

A

E.coli - mc
Proteus Mirabilis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterococci (e.g. enterococcus faecalis)
Staph saprophyticus

36
Q

What hormone is tested for the diagnosis of testicular cancer

A

Beta human chorionic gonadotropin

37
Q

GS test for DVT/ Pulm embolism

A

CT pulmonary angiogram

38
Q

Medication for raised intracranial pressure

A

Mannitol

39
Q

Stain used to identify culture of mycobacterium Tb
Give results

A

Ziehl Neelsen
Will appear pink in presence of acid-fast bacilli

40
Q

What drug is used to rapidly reverse opioid overdose

A

Naloxone

41
Q

Pattern of protein and glucose in CSF in bacterial meningitis

A

Raised protein
Low glucose

42
Q

5 tumours that commonly metastasise to bone

A

Breast
Lungs
Thyroid
Kidney
Prostate

43
Q

Ab treatment of cellulitis

A

IV flucloxacillin
IV clarithromycin if penicillin allergy

44
Q

2 Atypical bacteria that cause community acquired pneumonia

A
  • Legionella pneumophilia
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae
45
Q

What is an effective therapeutic INR range for people taking warfarin

A

2-3

46
Q

Signs of LMN lesion

A
  • Fasciculations - twitching
  • Hypotonia and muscle wasting
  • Hyporeflexia
47
Q

Signs of a UMN lesion

A
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Hypertonia - rigid
  • +ve Babinski’s signs
48
Q

Pattern of blood volume and sodium levels in SIADH

A

Normovolaemic, hyponatraemic
Water reabsorption isn’t enough to cause fluid overload

49
Q

Define prevalence

A

Proportion of population found to have disease at a point in time

50
Q

Define incidence

A

Number of new cases per unit time
e.g. number per year

51
Q

5 conditions part of the UK screening programme

A
  • Diabetic retinopathy (>12)
  • Cervical cancer (25-64)
  • Breast cancer (50-70)
  • Bowel cancer (60-74 every 2y)
  • Abdo aortic aneurysm (>65)
52
Q

4 notifiable disease

A
  • Scarlet fever
  • Rubella
  • Tetanus
  • Malaria
53
Q

Which ethical frameworks is defined by the following? ‘Actions are right if they do the most benefit for the most
people’.

A

Utilitarianism

54
Q

Difference between pre-contemplation and contemplation stages of the transtheoretical model

A
  • Precontemplation - no intention of changing behaviour
  • Contemplation - aware problem exists but no commitment to action
55
Q

Sx of Covid that require immediate isolation

A
  • Pyrexia - fever
  • Anosmia - loss of smell
  • Ageusia - loss of taste
  • Persistent cough
56
Q

PHQ-9 used for…?

A

Measure severity of depression and response to Tx

57
Q

When should postnatal baby check be

A

6-8 weeks after birth

58
Q

Presents with burning sensation in middle of chest that’s worse lying or bending down. Nocturnal breathlessness. No haematemesis or dysphagia. No weight loss. 1st line medication?

A

Proton pump inhibitor - omeprazole

59
Q

4 causes of peptic ulcers

A
  • H.pylori
  • Recurrent NSAID use
  • Increased gastric acid production
  • Mucosal ischaemia
60
Q

Intermittent abdo pain, vomiting >1w, hasn’t opened bowels/ passed wind in a few days. Likely diagnosis

A

Small bowel obstruction
Vomiting before constipation

61
Q

Treatment of H.pylori

A

Clarithromycin + amoxicillin + omeprazole

62
Q

RFs of GORD

A
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Hiatus hernias
  • Smoking
  • NSAIDs
  • Male
63
Q

4 complications of GORD

A
  • Oesophageal ulcers
  • Oesophagitis
  • Barret’s
  • Oesophageal strictures
64
Q

Pain better when eating but pain several hours AFTER eating. Which type of ulcer?

A

Duodenal ulcer

65
Q

Unilateral, intermittent loin to groin pain. GS investigation?

A

Non-contrast CT kidney, ureter and bladder

66
Q

Clinical picture of nephrotic syndrome

A

Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Peripheral oedema
Hyperlipidaemia

67
Q

Classify a patient with known CKD who has GFR of 75

A

Stage 2

68
Q

Function of furosemide

A

Loop diuretic that acts on ascending limb of loop of Henle

Incorrect med/PTS Qs (8 decks)

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