Med/surg

Question 1

What is the effect of nicotine on the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Vasoconstrictor

Question 2

What is digoxin used for?

Answer 2

It is used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
It belongs to a group of medicines known as cardiac glycosides.
Do not given if HR is below 60 bpm

Question 3

What is the purpose of administering K+ supplement when receiving furosemide (diuretic)

Answer 3

To replace potassium losses produced by the furosemide

Question 4

What is Isoprenaline (Isuprel)? and the most significant adverse effect of this medication after administration?

Answer 4

a) non-selective beta-adgrenegic agonist, used to treat bradycardia conditions
b) Dysrhythmias

Question 5

What statement is most accurate for a modified radical mastectomy?

Answer 5

Large tumours with positive node involvement have the worst prognosis

Question 6

What is the best statement regarding chest tube concerns and recovery?

Answer 6

Turn in bed frequently to promote drainage from the plural space and improve lung expansion

Question 7

By what physiological mechanism do newborns stay warm?

Answer 7

Metabolising brown fat stores

Question 8

Post op bowel resection, abdo is distended, absent bowel sounds and tympanic during percussion, what is most likely to be suspected?

Answer 8

Paralytic ileus

Question 9

Indicators of hypovolarmic shock associated with internal bleeding include?

Answer 9

Hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and cool, clammy skin

Question 10

What blood test should be monitored, once started on heparin?

Answer 10

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Question 11

What is the priority concern, following a closed head injury?

Answer 11

Vomiting

Question 12

What contact precautions are required for MRSA?

Answer 12

Gloves, gown and goggles

Question 13

What is the expected developmental level of a 2 year old?

Answer 13

Uses a cup to drink

Question 14

A client has developed A-Fib with a ventricular rate of 150 bpm, the nurse assesses the client for?

Answer 14

Hypotension and dizziness (due to LOW O2)

Question 15

What are the signs of fluid overload (hypovolaemia)?

Answer 15

Hypertension, tachycardia, SOB and crackles on lung auscultation

Question 16

Post renal biopsy, pt complains of pain that radiates to the front of abdomen, what does the nurse assess for?

Answer 16

Bleeding

Question 17

Type 2 diabetes is characterised by?

Answer 17

Reduced secretion of insulin by the beta cells, combined with cellular resistance to insulin

Question 18

Following a total hip replacement, what would alert the nurse of a possibility of neurological impairment in the affected extremity?

Answer 18

Altered sensation

Question 19

What is compartment syndrome?

Answer 19

Bleeding and swelling which cause increased pressure in an area that cannot expand

Question 20

To work within their scope of practice the enrolled nurse would know?

Answer 20

To work in a team under RN supervision

Question 21

Which medication will be prescribed to a client who has tested positive for gonorrhea?

Answer 21

Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone

Question 22

A client has been sexually assaulted and is quiet and calm, which behaviour are they displaying as a defence mechanism?

Answer 22

Denial

Question 23

Which intervention is appropriate for a patient diagnosed with catatonic stupor?

Answer 23

Sit beside the client in silence with occasional open-ended questions

Question 24

What is the purpose of an incident report?

Answer 24

It is a method of promoting quality care and risk management

Question 25

What is a risk factor for the infant of a mother with gestational diabetes?

Answer 25

Hypoglycaemia

Question 26

What is the purpose of a NGT on FD following a splenectomy?

Answer 26

To drain the stomach contents

Question 27

Upon assessing a male client, the nurse notes blisters and ulceration on the shaft of the penis, what health problem does this indicate?

Answer 27

Genital herpes

Question 28

What is the mode of transmission of MRSA?

Answer 28

Direct and indirect contact

Question 29

Which hormone stimulates secretion of sex hormones by the ovary?

Answer 29

Luteinising hormone

Question 30

Vessels in an umbilical cord consist of?

Answer 30

One vein and two arteries

Question 31

Vessels in an umbilical cord consist of?

Answer 31

One vein and two arteries

Question 32

What is the main purpose of the vein and arteries in the umbilical cord?

Answer 32

The vein carries nutrients and oxygen from the placenta to the developing fetus The arteries carry waste from the fetus back to the placenta

Question 33

What does a induration area of 10mm from the Mantous test indicate?

Answer 33

Client has been exposed to M. Tuberculosis or has been vaccinated BCG

Question 34

What test is most reliable to confirm a diagnosis of TB?

Answer 34

Three consecutive sputum specimens for acid-fast bacilli and culture

Question 35

Which of the following medications would you NOT expect to see a client to be on when beginning the intensive phase of treatment for TB? a) Isoniazid b) Ciproflaxacin c) Ethambutol d) Rifampicin

Answer 35

b) Ciproflaxacin a, c & d are all antibiotics used for the treatment of TB

Question 36

What is NOT a virus that causes STIs? a) Herpes simplex b) HPV c) Trichomoniasis d) Viral Hep A

Answer 36

c) Trichomoniasis - common STD caused by bacterial infection

Question 37

Why are medications usually contraindicated when breastfeeding?

Answer 37

because many drugs are excreted in breast milk and can affect the baby

Question 38

What is an example of a hyper-osmotic laxative?

Answer 38

Lactulose

Question 39

What does uncomfortable feeling in uterus during breast feeding indicate?

Answer 39

The release of oxytocin during breast feeding

Question 40

What complication does the nurse need to observe for once administering Metalyse (thrombolytic drug tenecteplase)?

Answer 40

Epistaxis (bleeding from the nose, either spontaneous or induced by nose picking or trauma)

Question 41

Which medication should a client be weaned off slowly and wjhy?

Answer 41

Prednisone suppresses cortisol production in the adrenal glands. A gradual reduction in prednisone gives the adrenal gland time to resume their usual function and restore cortisol production.

Question 42

Which STI's can lead to infertility?

Answer 42

Chlamydia and gonorrhoea

Question 43

Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis, what manifestations are likely to have been initially experienced?

Answer 43

Sensory disturbances that include blurred vision and tinnitus

Question 44

What is echolalia and an example of this?

Answer 44

Echolalia is when a person repeat noises and phrases that they hear. Usually seen in people with schizophrenia and autism. Example: Nurse: "are you ready to eat?", Client: "Ready to eat, ready to eat, ready to eat".

Question 45

Why does the nurse check the gastric contents of a nasogastric tube with Litmus paper before feeding?

Answer 45

To determine if the nasogastric tube is in the stomach

Question 46

What is the pathophysiologic mechanism of cystic fibrosis leading to obstructive lung disease?

Answer 46

Production of abnormally thick, copious secretions from mucous glands

Question 47

What is the primary treatment for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 47

Vigorous and consistent chest physiotherapy.