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med surg 30-32 > med surg 30-32 > Flashcards

med surg 30-32 Flashcards

1
Q

purpura

A

small hemorrhages in the skin mucous membranes, or subcutaneous tissues

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2
Q

petechia

A

tiny reddish hemorrhage spots on the skin and mucous membranes

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3
Q

Ecchymosis

A

bruising

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4
Q

polycythemia

A

too many RBC

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5
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

decreased platelet count

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6
Q

Neutrophils

A

Inflammatory response and defense against bacterial infection

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7
Q

eosinophils

A

phagocytize foreign material

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8
Q

lymphocytes

A

humoral immunity by producing antibodies. T lymphocytes provide cellular immunity

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9
Q

phagocytosis

A

the ingestion and digestion of bacteria and foreign substances.

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10
Q

prothrombin

A

clotting agent

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11
Q

schilling test

A

used to diagnose pernicious anemia

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12
Q

Hemolysis

A

destruction of erythrocytes

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13
Q

lymphedema

A

obstructed lymph circulation causes an accumulation of lymph within soft tissue

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14
Q

priapism

A

penis becomes engorged and remains persistently erect

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15
Q

epstein barr

A

infectious mononucleosis

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16
Q

erythropoietin

A

horomone released by the kidney it stimu;lates bone marrow to make RBC

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17
Q

Reed-sternberg cells

A

almost immortal and reproduce prolifically with a similat appearance to lymphocytes

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18
Q

lymphoma

A

group of cancers that affect the lymphatic system

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19
Q

Hgb X 3 = HCT

A

know

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20
Q

Hgb count

A

12-17.4 g/dL

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21
Q

Platelet count

A

150k-350k/mm3

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22
Q

Leukocytes count

A

5k-10k/mm3

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23
Q

Syncopy

A

feeling of passing out

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24
Q

plasma isnt a formed element

A

know

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25
Q

plasma is important for BP and blood volume

A

know

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26
Q

when your Hgb and HCT is low

A

Anemic

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27
Q

universal donor

A

type o-

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28
Q

universal recipient

A

AB+

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29
Q

neutrophils

A

attacks bacteria

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30
Q

basophils

A

allergic reactionw

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31
Q

eosinophils

A

parasitic

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32
Q

fibrinogen

A

essential clotting factor

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33
Q

cancers that attack the lymph system

A

lymphoma

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34
Q

low platelet count

A

thrombocytopenia

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35
Q

ingestion and digestion of bacteria and foreign materials

A

phagocytosis

36
Q

humoral immunity by producing antibodies. T lymph provide cellular immunity.

A

Lymphocytes

37
Q

___ ___ is lacking a intrinsic factor normally present in stomach secretions or fails to consume sufficient dietary resources of extrinsic factor

A

Pernicious Anemia

38
Q

signs of __ ___ is jaundice, irritability, confusion, depression, numbness, tingling in arms and legs, and ataxia. Can lose vibration and position senses.

A

Pernicious Anemia

39
Q

a test to diagnose pernicious anemia

A

Schillings test

40
Q

___ ___ is a deficiency of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

Consequence of inadequate stem cell production of bone marrow.

Side effects: weakness and fatigue, coagulation, abnormalties, unusual bleeding, small hemorrhag, and brusises, spleen enlarged.

Treatment: whole blood transfusion, packed cells and platelets, antibodies to prevent or treat infections and high doses of corticosteroids, bone marrow transplant.

A

Aplastic anemia

41
Q

__ __ is and almost insoluble compound which is a break down product of nitrogenous metabolism.

A

Uric Acid

42
Q

A malignancy that produces enlargement of lymphoid tissue, the spleen, and liver with invasion of other tissues such as bone marrow and lungs.

Signs are painless enlargement of one or more lymph nodes.

A

Hodgkin’s disease

43
Q

a group of 30 sub classifications of malignant diseases that originate in lymph glands and other lymphoid tissue.

Signs are lymph node enlargement usually diffuse rather than localized- cervical, axillary, or inguinal regions.

A

Non-hodgkins lymphoma

44
Q

prevents or modifies infectious disease

A

gamma globulin

45
Q

__ ___ is ones own blood given and stored or autotransfused

A

Autologous blood

46
Q

____ 5-20 ml restores clotting factors. Can give separate specific factor concentrate.

A

cryoprecipitate

47
Q

What 2 drugs should be given during a blood transfusion.

A

Acetaminophen(ibuprofen) and diphnhydramine(benadryl)

48
Q

the whole blood is removed from donor through one needle in one arm, circulated through a separator and returned to donor in the opposite arm. Needs ABO compatibility.

A

Pheresis

49
Q

An Lpn can check the vital signs after the 1st 15 minutes but for the 1st 15 minutes an RN has to stay with the patient.

A

know

50
Q

for a transfusion you’ll check baseline VS, then every 15 mins x4, then every 30 mins until completed.

A

know

51
Q

return the bag back to the lab/blood bank after used.

You can’t add medication to the blood transfusion.

A

know

52
Q

who can give a blood transfusion?

A

An RN and it has to be checked by 2 licensed nurses. Expiration date, patient name, room#, ID#, ID band,type and RH

53
Q

___ ___ can occur if blood is infused under pressure.

Signs & symptoms: chest pain, acute SOB shock, and anxiety.

Treatment: turn patient on left side, trendelburg, and stop the infusion.

A

air embolism

54
Q

___ R/T multiple infusions containing anticalcium agents.

S&S: tingling, muscle cramps, and convulsions.

A

Hypocalcemia

55
Q

Blood is given with __ __ and blood administration has a set filter, 18 or 19 guage needle. Tubing and filter changed with each unit.

A

normal saline

56
Q

__ can be used for detective clotting of blood. FFP contains all factors needed for clotting.

A

Plasma

57
Q

__ ___ maintains osmotic pressure of the plasma ( burns, liver disease, and shock.)

A

serum albumin

58
Q

What are the 3 types of blood cells produced by bone marrow

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

59
Q

__ help form a clot for blood control.

A

platelets

60
Q

__ transports O2 and removes CO2

A

Erythrocytes

61
Q

Functions of the ___ system

circulates interstitial fluid and carries to veins. Filters and destroys potential harmful substances.

A

lymph system

62
Q

____ leukemia is increased immature lymphocyte, normal or decreased granulocytes; erythrocytes and platelet counts may be normal or low.

A

chronic leukemia

63
Q

Transfusion reaction

s&s: urticarial, puruitus, fever, and anxiety is….

A

allergic reaction

64
Q

signs and symptoms of ___ ___ is lymph node enlargement usually diffuse rather than localized. Cervical, axillary, or inguinal regions.

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

65
Q

___ leukemia has increased immature lymphocytes
Normal or decreased granulocytes
Erythrocytes and platelet count are decreased.

A

Acute

66
Q

Transfusion reaction:

S&s: n&v, increased HR, Tachycardia, pain in low back, hypotension, oliguria, hematuria, and anxiety.

A

hemolytic

67
Q

___ engulf invading microorganisms and cellular debris and manufacture antibodies.

A

leukocytes

68
Q

Nursing actions for administering iron…

Dilute liquid with NS
Don't take antacid
use z track method
tale on empty stomach
drink orange juice
A

know

69
Q

s&s: weakness, fatigue, coagulation abnormalities, unusual bleeding, small hemorrhages, bruising, and spleen enlarged.

A

aplastic anemia

70
Q

transfusion reaction:
febrile, lg donor to platelet, leukocytes or contaminated blood.
S&S: fever, flushing chills, tachycardia, nausea, headache, palpitations, fluid overload, dyspnea, and anxiety.

A

pyogenic ( most common )

71
Q

__ is the destruction of erythrocytes

A

hemolysis

72
Q

what is the largest lymphatic structure? beneath the diaphragm and behind the stomach. It’s the reservoir of blood and contains phagocytes that engulf damaged erythrocytes and foreign substances.

A

Spleen

73
Q

what turns undifferentiated stem cells into T lymphocytes

A

Thymus Gland

74
Q

where are blood cells are produced?

A

Pluripotential Stem Cells: myeloid and lymphoid

75
Q

Myeloid stem cells convert to (1) erythrocytes (2) leukocytes (3) platelets

A

know

76
Q

Erythrocytes are anuclear, biconcave disks covered by a thin membrane.

Erythropoiesis: production of erythrocytes.

Erythroblasts are immature erythrocytes that do have a nucleus.

A

know

77
Q

oxygen saturated hemoglobin

A

oxyhemoglobin

78
Q

what is included in the hematopoietic system?

A

Bone Marrow, Blood, and Lymphatic system.

79
Q

Red bone marrow: manufactures blood cells and hemoglobin.
Yellow bone marrow: manufactures blood cells under intense stimulation.
Lymphoid tissue: ( thymus gland and spleen ) have a role in hematopoiesis.

A

know

80
Q

residual pigment from destroyed erthrocytes.

A

Bilirubin

81
Q

Granulocytes: Neutrophils, basophils, and Eosinophils.

Agranulocytes: lymphocytes, and monocytes.

A

know

82
Q

Right lymphatic duct: right subclavian vein

Thoracic lymphatic duct: left subclavian vein

A

know

83
Q

bleeding disorders that involve platelets or clotting factors.

A

Coagulopathies

84
Q

abnormalties in mumber & type of RBC’s

A

Blood Dyscrasias

85
Q

Anemia type:
s&s: jaundice, tachycaria, dyspnea, cardiomegaly, dysrhythmias, priapism, gall stones: cva, shock.

They can have 2 problems: sickle cell crisis, and chronic hemolytic anemia.

Test: sickledex test, and hemoglobin electrophoresis

A

Sickle cell anemia

86
Q

Stem cell transplant: the new stem cells develop into healthy blood cells, settling into bone marrow and producing new blood cells, a process referred to as engraftment. The WBC from the donor find remaining cancer cells and destroy them.

A

know

87
Q

Multiple Myeloma: malignancy involving plasma cells B lymphs in bone marrow.
-Abnormal B lymphs release a factor that increases osteoclasts( break down bone cells), and it results in increased blood calcium and pathologic fractures.

A

s&s: vague pain, infection, symptoms of anemia, bruising, nosebleeds, renal calculi, pathogenic fx.

med surg 30-32 (1 decks)

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