Med Surg: Upper Respiratory Problems Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the causes of Epitaxsis?
Trauma
Foreign Bodies
topical corticosteriod use
nasal spray abuse
street drug use
anatomic malformation
allergic rhinitis
Tumor
What is the treatment for Epitaxsis?
Sit upright
Direct pressure to nose for 10-15 minutes
Seek medical treatment if doesnt stop
Monitor respiratory status, LOC, signs of aspiration
Do not blow nose for several hours
Avoid strenous activity, sneeze with mouth open and avoid use of NSAIDs
What is allergic rhinitis?
Reaction of nasal mucosa to an allergen
Symptoms must be more then 4 days during a week or 4 weeks out of a year
What are the S&S of allergic rhinitis?
Sneezing
Watery itchy eyes and nose
altered sense of smell
thin weatery nasal discharge
nasal turbinates become swollen and can push on nasal septum
Rebound rhintis from nasal spray or cocaine use
What is the treatment of rhinitis?
Identify triggers and avoid them
Medication to reduce inflammation
Medicaiton to decrease nasal symptoms
What is Acute viral rhintis and what is it caused by?
common cold
caused by adenovirus
often accompanies acute URI
Increased frequency in winter
INcreased susceptibility related to: fatigue, physical and emotional stress and compromised immune status
What are the signs and symptoms of acute viral rhintis?
tickling
irritation
sneezing
dryness of nose or nasopharynx
copious nasal secretions
nasal obstruction
watery eyes
elevated temperature
What is the treatment of viral rhinitis?
Rest
Fluids
Proper diet
Antipyretics and analgesics
What are complications of viral rhintis?
Pharyngitis
Sinusitis
Otitis media
Tonsilitis
Lung infections
What is sinusitis?
Inflammation or hypertrophy of the mucous membranes of one or more sinuses
Occurs when the ostia is blocked or narrowed
Secretions accumulate: growth of bacteria, viruses or fungi
What is the treatment for sinusitis?
Acute: antibiotics if lasts over 7 days without treatment
Chronic: broad spectrum antibiotics for 4-6 weeks, decongestants, nasal corticosteriods and antihistamines
What is Pharyngitis?
Sore Throat
Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the throat
May have scratchy throat to severe swallowing difficulty
Red and edematous parynx: may have patchy exudates
What is the treatment for pharyngitits?
infection control
symptom relief
prevention of secondary complications
What is laryngitis?
inflammation of mucous membranes lining the larynx
What is tonsilitis?
Inflammation and infection of the tonsils and lymphatic tissues on each side of the throat
capture bacteria
airborne, caused by bacteria
What is a peritonsillar abscess?
infection of tissues around tonsils and forms an abscess complication of acute tonsillitis
Surgery when acute pahse, drain absess, deviation uvula away from abcess, pain radiate to ear, voice change, severe difficulty swallowin
What in isnfluenza and the signs and symptoms?
Highly contagious, acute, viral respiratory infections
headache
cough
sore throat
muscle aches
fever
chills
fatigue
weakness and anorexia
What is the treatment of influenza?
relief of symptoms and prevention of secondary infection
What are nasal polyps?
May cause airways obstruction
benign clusters of tissue from repeated episodes of inflammation
What are S&S of Nasal Polyps?
continues breathing through nose
voice quality
change drainage from allergies
chronic sinusitis
What is the treatment of nasal polyps?
inhaled nasal sprays
Nasal steriods
Polypectomy
What is obstructive sleep apnea?
muscles relax and tongue and neck structures are displaced
no problem with chest wall movement
sleep study which includes EEG, ECH, pulse ox and EMG
What are S&S of Obstructive sleep apnea?
obesity
large uvula
short neck
smoking
large tonsils
oropharngeal edema
increase CO2
increase pH
What is the treatment for obstructive sleep apnea?
nonsugical management: change of sleep position, weight loss, positive-pressure ventilation
Surgical management: adenoidectomy, uvulectomy or uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
