Med Term PA Flashcards

Question

log/o-

Answer 1

clot | clotting

Answer 2

urinary tract urine urea

Answer 3

pertaining to | ex: cardiac

Answer 4

pertaining to | ex: neural

Answer 5

pain | ex: neuralgia, arthralgia

Answer 6

cell | ex: erythrocyte

Answer 7

excision removal ex: nephrectomy

Answer 8

blood condition | ex: leukemia

Answer 9

pertaining to producing produced by produced in ex: carcinogenic, pathogenic, iatrogenic

Answer 10

protein | ex: hemoglobin

Answer 11

record | ex: electroencephalogram

Answer 12

pertaining to | ex: gastric, neurologic

Answer 13

process | ex: excision

Answer 14

specialist

Answer 15

inflammation

Answer 16

process of study

Answer 17

tumor mass swelling

Answer 18

process of viewing | ex: biopsy

Answer 19

condition usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells) ex: nephrosis, leukocytosis

Answer 20

disease condition | ex: enteropathy, adenopathy

Answer 21

instrument to visually examine | ex: endoscope

Answer 22

process of visual examination | ex: endoscopy

Answer 23

state of condition ex: prognosis

Answer 24

process of cutting incision ex: osteotomy

Answer 25

process | condition

Answer 26

no not without

Answer 27

self | own

Answer 28

complete | through

Answer 29

in | ewithin

Answer 30

above | upon

Answer 31

out outside of away from

Answer 32

excessive above more than normal

Answer 33

deficient below under less than normal

Answer 34

surrounding | around

Answer 35

before | forward

Answer 36

back backward again

Answer 37

below | under

Answer 38

across | through

Answer 39

ana- up bol- to cast -ism process process of building up large proteins from amino acids

Answer 40

cata- down bol- to cast -ism process process of breaking down complex nutrients into simple substances and released

Answer 41

structure surrounding and protecting the cell | determines what enters and leaves the cell

Answer 42

``` rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain genes 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm which contain 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes ```

Answer 43

all material outside the nucleus contained within the cell membrane

Answer 44

chemical found within each chromosome | directs activities of cell

Answer 45

network of canals within cytoplasm of cell | creates large proteins from smaller protein pieces

Answer 46

regions of DNA within each chromosome

Answer 47

picture of chromosomes in nucleus | arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

Answer 48

``` meta- change bol- to cast -sim process of total chemical processes in cell includes cata- and anabolism ```

Answer 49

structure in cytoplasm that provide principal source of energy carries out catabolism

Answer 50

control center of cell | contains chromosomes and directs activities of cell

Answer 51

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Answer 52

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Answer 53

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

Answer 54

female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands male: testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

Answer 55

thyroid, pituitary, sex, adrenal, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands

Answer 56

brain, spinal cord, nerves, nerve collections

Answer 57

heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland

Answer 58

muscles, bones, joints

Answer 59

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands eye, ear, nose, tongue

Answer 60

brain, pituitary gland

Answer 61

lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta

Answer 62

pleural: surround lungs mediastinum: heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes

Answer 63

kidneys, stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder diaphragm divides abdominal and thoracic cavities

Answer 64

portions of small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters uterus and vagina in female

Answer 65

nerves of spinal cord

Answer 66

double-folded membrane surrounding organs in abdominal cavity

Answer 67

behind peritoneum

Answer 68

membrane which is part of peritoneum containing fat which hangs over intestines to keep warmth

Answer 69

right upper below rib cartilage

Answer 70

left upper below rib cartilage

Answer 71

region above stomach

Answer 72

right middle region near waist

Answer 73

left middle region near waist

Answer 74

region of navel or umbilicus

Answer 75

right lower region near groin | aka right iliac region because near ilium

Answer 76

left lower region near groin | aka left iliac region because near ilium

Answer 77

middle lower region below umbilical region

Answer 78

``` RUQ contains liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of pancreas and small and large intestines ```

Answer 79

``` LUQ contains liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of pancreas and small and large intestines ```

Answer 80

RLQ | contains part of small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

Answer 81

LLQ | contains parts of small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

Answer 82

``` cervical (7) thoracic (12) lumbar (5) sacral (5) coccygeal (4 fused) ```

Answer 83

front side of the body

Answer 84

back side of the body

Answer 85

away from the surface

Answer 86

on the surface

Answer 87

near point of attachment to the trunk or near beginning of a structure

Answer 88

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from beginning of a structure

Answer 89

below another structure

Answer 90

away from head or below another structure

Answer 91

above another structure

Answer 92

above another structure

Answer 93

middle or nearer medial plane of body

Answer 94

pertaining to side

Answer 95

lying on the back

Answer 96

lying on the belly

Answer 97

frontal (coronal) sagittal (lateral) transverse (axial)

Answer 98

vertical plane dividing body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Answer 99

lengthwise vertical plane dividing body or structure into right and left sides

Answer 100

divides body into right and left halves

Answer 101

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across body parallel to ground

Answer 102

to cast (throw)

Answer 103

neck (of the body or uterus)

Answer 104

far | distant

Answer 105

back portion of body

Answer 106

lower back (side and back between ribs and pelvis)

Answer 107

pelvis | hip region

Answer 108

back | behind

Answer 109

spine | backbone

Answer 110

navel | umbilicus

Answer 111

belly side of body

Answer 112

vertebra(e) | backbone(s)

Answer 113

pertaining to

Answer 114

pertaining to

Answer 115

pertaining to

Answer 116

process | condition

Answer 117

pertaining to | full of

Answer 118

picture | classification

Answer 119

extremities, top, extreme point

Answer 120

sharp severe sudden

Answer 121

bronchial tubes

Answer 122

drug, chemical

Answer 123

colon (large intestines)

Answer 124

water, fluid

Answer 125

to hold back

Answer 126

abdomen | abdominal wall

Answer 127

shape | form

Answer 128

spinal cord | bone marrow

Answer 129

death (of cells or whole body)

Answer 130

neutrophil

Answer 131

peritoneum

Answer 132

to eat | swallow

Answer 133

formation | development

Answer 134

twisted chains

Answer 135

surgical puncture to remove fluid

Answer 136

berry-shaped bacterium

Answer 137

condition of producing | forming

Answer 138

instrument for recording

Answer 139

process of recording

Answer 140

breakdown destruction separation

Answer 141

enlargement

Answer 142

deficiency

Answer 143

development formation growth

Answer 144

surgical repair

Answer 145

drooping falling prolapse

Answer 146

controlling | stopping

Answer 147

opening to form a mouth (stoma)

Answer 148

development | nourishment

Answer 149

specialist

Answer 150

little | small

Answer 151

structure | tissue

Answer 152

structure | substance

Answer 153

pertaining to

Answer 154

pertaining to

Answer 155

resembling | derived from

Answer 156

pertaining to | full of

Answer 157

pertaining to

Answer 158

pertaining to

Answer 159

erythrocytes leukocytes thrombocytes/platelets

Answer 160

``` granulocytes mononuclear leukocytes (agranulocytes) ```

Answer 161

eosinophils basophils neutrophils

Answer 162

lymphocytes | monocytes

Answer 163

eosin/o- rosy about 3% of leukocytes increase in allergic conditions such as asthma

Answer 164

bas/o- basic unclear function increases in healing phase of inflammation less than 1% of leukocytes

Answer 165

important disease-fighting cells phagocytes that engulf and digest bacteria about 50-60% of leukocytes aka polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Answer 166

produce antibodies may attach directly to foreign cells T and B cells about 32% of leukocytes

Answer 167

engulfs and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells leave bloodstream and enter tissue to become macrophages about 4% of leukocytes

Answer 168

tiny fragments of cells formed in bone marrow

Answer 169

endocrine disorder excessive amount of growth hormone from pituitary gland after completion of puberty often results from benign tumor of pituitary gland person is normal height but bones and soft tissue in hands, feet, and face grow abnormally

Answer 170

develops with hypertension in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases can be treated with splenectomy

Answer 171

develops with hypertension in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases can be treated with splenectomy

Answer 172

form of minimally invasive surgery visual examination of abdominal cavity laparoscope inserted through incision near naval then gas (CO2) infused into peritoneal cavity to prevent injury to abdominal structures during surgery

Answer 173

incision into trachea to open below a blockage | can be done to remove foreign body or obtain biopsy specimen

Answer 174

opening into trachea below larynx where an indwelling tube is inserted to allow air flow into lungs or help remove mucus from bronchial tubes

Answer 175

small masses of lymphatic tissue in part of pharynx near nose and nasal passages enlargement may cause blockage of airway from nose to pharynx

Answer 176

wrist bones

Answer 177

fingers | toes

Answer 178

to lead | carry

Answer 179

forking | branching

Answer 180

protection

Answer 181

to bind, tie, connect

Answer 182

rule | order

Answer 183

pubis | anterior portion of the pelvic or hipbone

Answer 184

to put | place

Answer 185

thyroid gland

Answer 186

place position location

Answer 187

embryonic | immature

Answer 188

to secrete

Answer 189

coming together | to pour

Answer 190

substance that produces

Answer 191

to slide, fall, sag

Answer 192

breakdown destruction separation

Answer 193

to measure

Answer 194

birth | labor

Answer 195

to bear carry feeling

Answer 196

development formation growth

Answer 197

structure | formation

Answer 198

falling drooping prolapse

Answer 199

flow | discharge

Answer 200

development | nourishment

Answer 201

before | forward

Answer 202

with | together

Answer 203

against | opposite

Answer 204

down | lack of

Answer 205

bad painful difficult abnormal

Answer 206

out | outside

Answer 207

good | normal

Answer 208

beneath | under

Answer 209

in within into

Answer 210

beyond | change

Answer 211

abnormal beside near

Answer 212

many | much

Answer 213

after | behind

Answer 214

before | in front of

Answer 215

before | forward

Answer 216

above | upper

Answer 217

together | with

Answer 218

beyond | excess

Answer 219

when antibodies of Rh- mother attacks RBCs of Rh+ baby, embryo attempts to compensate for loss by making many new erythroblasts mother often develops jaundice

Answer 220

hereditary | environmental

Answer 221

group of signs or symptoms that appear together to produce typical clinical picture of a disease

Answer 222

ingestion digestion absorption elimination

Answer 223

``` crown -enamel -dentin root -periodontal membrane -cementum -pulp (fills center) ```

Answer 224

parotid submandibular sublingual

Answer 225

muscular tube about 5in long | serves as passageway both for air traveling from nasal cavity to trachea and food from oral cavity to esophagus

Answer 226

9-10in muscular tube from pharynx to stomach

Answer 227

involuntary, progressive, rhythmic contraction of muscles in wall of esophagus and other gastrointestinal organs propelling bolus down toward stomach

Answer 228

fundus (upper) body (middle) antrum (lower)

Answer 229

moves food from esophagus to stomach

Answer 230

moves food from stomach to small intestines

Answer 231

mucosa membrane folds in stomach

Answer 232

enzymes that digest proteins

Answer 233

extends 20ft from pyloric sphincter receives food from stomach and bile from liver lined with villi for absorption

Answer 234

duodenum (1ft) jejunum (about 8ft) ileum (about 11ft)

Answer 235

cecum colon rectum

Answer 236

pouch on right side that connects ileum at ileocecal valve (sphincter) appendix hangs off this

Answer 237

ascending: cecum to undersurface of liver then turns left (hepatic flexure) transverse: horizontal to left toward spleen then turns downward (splenic flexure) descending sigmoid

Answer 238

pigment within bile from breakdown of hemoglobin

Answer 239

jaundice | retention of bilirubin in bloodstream due to blockage of bile duct or liver damage

Answer 240

``` bile production regulating glucose levels via glycogenolysis (glycogen into glucose) and gluconeogenesis (fats and proteins into glucose) manufacturing blood proteins release bilirubin remove poisons/toxins from blood ```

Answer 241

exocrine produces amylase, lipase, and protease endocrine produces insulin

Answer 242

enzymes to digest starch

Answer 243

enzymes to digest fats

Answer 244

enzymes to digest proteins

Answer 245

oral cavity --> pharynx --> esophagus --> stomach --> duodenum --> jejunum --> ileum --> cecum --> ascending colon --> transverse colon --> descending colon --> sigmoid colon --> rectum --> anus

Answer 246

belly | abdomen

Answer 247

gallbladder

Answer 248

common bile duct

Answer 249

lower jaw | mandible

Answer 250

anus and rectum

Answer 251

pyloric sphincter

Answer 252

salivary gland

Answer 253

sigmoid colon

Answer 254

gall | bile

Answer 255

gall | bile

Answer 256

hydrochloric acid

Answer 257

glycogen | animal starch

Answer 258

fat | lipid

Answer 259

saliva | salivary

Answer 260

defecation | elimination of wastes

Answer 261

abnormal condition

Answer 262

lack of appetite | often a sign of malignancy or liver disease

Answer 263

loss of appetite associated with emotional problems

Answer 264

abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen occurs when fluid passes from bloodstream and collects in peritoneal cavity sign of neoplasm or inflammatory disorders in abdomen, venous hypertension caused by cirrhosis or heart failure

Answer 265

diuretic drugs and paracentesis

Answer 266

rumbling or gurgling noise produced by movement of gas, fluid, or both in GI tract sign of hyperactive intestinal peristalsis often in cases of gastroenteritis and diarrhea

Answer 267

difficulty swallowing

Answer 268

gas expelled from stomach through mouth

Answer 269

passage of fresh, bright red blood from rectum

Answer 270

black, tarry stools | feces containing digested blood

Answer 271

fat in feces frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter improper digestion or absorption of fat leading to fat remaining in intestines

Answer 272

inflammation of mouth with small, painful ulcers often called canker sores cause unknown

Answer 273

tooth decay dental plaque from accumulation of foods, proteins from saliva, and necrotic debris on tooth enamel. bacteria grow in plaque and produce acid that dissolves tooth enamel

Answer 274

inflammation of mouth caused by herpesvirus infection | causes fever blisters or cold sores

Answer 275

white plaques or patches on mucosa of mouth | precancerous lesion can result from chronic tobacco use

Answer 276

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone gingivitis caused by accumulation of dental plaque and calculus or tartar

Answer 277

-chalasia relaxation | failure of lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax and loss of peristalsis

Answer 278

swollen, varicose veins at lower end of esophagus | result from liver disease causing increase pressure in portal veins

Answer 279

solids and fluids return to the mouth from stomach | can lead to reflux esophagitis

Answer 280

chronic exposure of esophageal mucosa to gastric acid and pepsin

Answer 281

open sore in lining of stomach or duodenum | caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

Answer 282

abnormal tube-like passageway near anus | results from fissure absecc in wall of anus or rectum

Answer 283

polyps (benign growths) protrude from mucous membrane of colon pedunculated (attached by stalk) and sessile (sitting directly on mucous membrane)

Answer 284

form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) chronic inflammation of intestinal tract can occur anywhere from mouth to anus but most commonly in ileum and colon

Answer 285

``` abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in intestinal wall of collon can lead to diverticulitis ```

Answer 286

fecal matter becomes trapped in diverticula

Answer 287

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Answer 288

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in rectal region

Answer 289

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of intestines

Answer 290

inflammation of colon and small intestine

Answer 291

telescoping of intestines | one segment of bowel collapses into opening of another segment

Answer 292

group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation), but without abnormalities in intestines

Answer 293

chronic inflammation of colon with presence of ulcers

Answer 294

twisting of intestine on itself

Answer 295

gallstones

Answer 296

biliary colic: pain from blocked ducts | cholcystitis: inflammation and infection of gallbladder

Answer 297

chronic denegerative disease of liver commonly result of chronic alcoholism, viral hepatitis, or other causes lobes become scarred with fibrous tissue, hepatic cells degenerate, and liver is infiltrated with fat

Answer 298

dilation (dilatation) | widening

Answer 299

eating | swallowing

Answer 300

bursting forth (of blood)

Answer 301

flow | discharge

Answer 302

involuntary contraction of muscles

Answer 303

narrowing | tightening

Answer 304

amylase and lipase test liver function tests (LFTs) stool culture stool guaiac/Hemoccult test

Answer 305

tests for levels of amylase and lipase enzymes in blood | increased levels associated with pancreatitis

Answer 306

tests for presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood

Answer 307

elevated in patients with liver disease

Answer 308

elevated in patients with liver, bone, and other disease

Answer 309

elevated in patients with liver disease and jaundice

Answer 310

measures conjugated bilirubin | elevated in patients with liver disease or biliary obstruction

Answer 311

measures unconjugated bilirubin | elevated in patients with excessive hemolysis and/or newborns

Answer 312

test for microorganisms present in feces

Answer 313

test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces

Answer 314

lower GI series (barium enema) upper GI series cholangiography CT

Answer 315

x-rays of colon and rectum obtained after rectal injection of barium

Answer 316

x-rays of esophagus, stomach, and small intestines obtained after oral ingestion of barium

Answer 317

x-ray of biliary system obtained after contrast injection into bile duct

Answer 318

series of x-rays taken in multiple views (especially cross section)

Answer 319

``` abdominal ultrasonography endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) ```

Answer 320

ultrasound to image abdominal viscera

Answer 321

endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine organ GI tract | inserted through mouth or rectum

Answer 322

Hepatobiliary IminoDiacetic Acid | radioactive imaging procedure that tracks production and flow of bile from liver and gallbladder to intestines

Answer 323

reducing size of stomach and diverting food to jejunum

Answer 324

visual examination of GI tract using endoscope

Answer 325

visual (endoscopic) examination of abdomen with laparoscope inserted through small incisions in abdomen

Answer 326

insertion of tube through nose into stomach to remove fluid postop and obtain gastric or intestinal contents for analysis

Answer 327

cortex medulla hilum

Answer 328

remove nitrogenous waste: urea, creatinine, uric acid balance water and electrolytes: Na, K release hormones: renin, erythropoietin, calciferol

Answer 329

hormone secreted by kidney that stimulates rbc production in bone marrow

Answer 330

triangular area in urinary bladder

Answer 331

calyx (calix) | cup-shaped

Answer 332

glomerulus

Answer 333

renal pelvis

Answer 334

trigone (region of bladder)

Answer 335

urinary bladder

Answer 336

ketone bodies

Answer 337

substance that forms

Answer 338

urination | urine condition

Answer 339

inflammation of glomeruli within kidney follows strep infection results in leaky glomeruli, hematuria, rbc casts, albuminuria, renal failure, and uremia

Answer 340

inflammation of connective tissue between renal tubules

Answer 341

kidney stones

Answer 342

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

Answer 343

multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

Answer 344

inflammation of renal pelvis and parenchyma lining

Answer 345

malignant tumor of kidney occurring in childhood

Answer 346

ADH not secreted or insensitivity of kidney to ADH

Answer 347

insulin not secreted adequately or tissues resistant to effects

Answer 348

measurement of urea levels in blood

Answer 349

measurement of creatinine clearance rate from blood by kidney high level of creatinine indicates decreased kidney function

Answer 350

clearance of creatinine by kidneys | normal: 90-120mL/min

Answer 351

xray images using CT showing multiple cross-sectional and other views of kidney

Answer 352

xray w/o contrast of kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Answer 353

xray w/ contrast of blood vessels of kidney

Answer 354

xray of renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through urinary catheter into ureters from bladder useful for locating urinary stones and obstructions

Answer 355

xray w/ contrast of urinary bladder and urethra obtained while urination

Answer 356

direct visualization of urethra and urinary bladder with endoscope

Answer 357

artificial kidney machine used to filter patient's blood via artificial porous membrane

Answer 358

uses catheter to introduce fluid into peritoneal cavity which collects waste materials from bloodstream and then removed by catheter

Answer 359

crushing urinary tract stones using shock waves extracorporeal

Answer 360

first menstrual cycle

Med Term PA Flashcards

(540 cards)