Med Terms 2 Flashcards
(229 cards)
1
Q
testis (pl. testes)
A
the primary male sex organ, paired, oval-shaped, and enclosed in a sac called the scrotum. The testes produce spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone.
2
Q
seminiferous tubules
A
approximately 900 coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs
3
Q
sperm
A
the microscopic male cell, which, when united with the ovum, produces a zygote that with subsequent development becomes an embryo
4
Q
testosterone
A
the principal male sex hormone. its chief function is to stimulate the development of the male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics such as facial and hair.
5
Q
epididymis
A
coiled tube attached to each of the testes that provide for storage, transit, and maturation of sperm; continuous with the vas deferens
6
Q
vas deferens
A
duct carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra. The spermatic cord encloses each vas deferens with nerves, lymphatics, arteries, and veins. The urethra also connects with the urinary bladder and carries urine outside the body. a circular muscle constricts during intercourse to prevent urination.
7
Q
seminal vesicles
A
two main glands located posterior to the base of the bladder that opens into the vas deferens. The glands secrete a thick fluid that forms part of the semen.
8
Q
prostate gland
A
encircles a proximal section of the urethra. The prostate gland secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of the sperm and ejaculation.
9
Q
semen
A
composed of sperm, seminal fluids. and other secretions
10
Q
scrotum
A
sac containing the testes and epididymis suspended on both sides of and posterior to the penis
11
Q
penis
A
male organ of urination and coitus
12
Q
glans penis
A
enlarged tip on the end of the penis
13
Q
prepuce
A
fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males.
14
Q
genitalia
A
reproductive organs; includes internal and external reproductive organs
15
Q
gonads
A
primary reproductive organs; testes in males, ovaries in females.
16
Q
andr/o
A
male
17
Q
balan/o
A
glans penis
18
Q
epididym/o
A
epididymis
19
Q
orchid/o, orchi/o, orch/o
A
testis, testicles
20
Q
prostat/o
A
prostate gland
21
Q
spem/o, spemat/o
A
sperm, spermatozoon (pl. spermatozoa)
22
Q
vas/o
A
vessal, duct (vas deferens in terms describing male reproductive system)
23
Q
vesicul/o
A
seminal vesicle
24
Q
-ism
A
state of
25
anorchism
state of absence of testis
26
balanitis
inflamation of the glans penis
27
balanorrhea
discharge from the glans penis
28
benign prostatic hyperplasia
excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland
29
cryptorchidism
state of hidden testis
30
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis
31
orchiepididymitis
inflammation of the testis and the epididymis
32
orchitis
inflammation of the testis
33
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland
34
prostatocystitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and the bladder.
35
prostatolith
stones in the prostate gland
36
prostatorrhea
discharge from the prostate gland
37
prostatovesiculitis
inflammation of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
38
erectile dysfunction
the inability of the male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse
39
hydrocele
fluid filled sac around the testicle; causes scrotal swelling
40
phimosis
a tightness of the prepuce that prevents its retraction over the glans penis; it may be congenital or a result of balanitis
41
priapism
persistent abnormal erection of the penis accompanied by pain and tenderness
42
prostate cancer
cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in men middle-aged and older
43
spermatocele
distention of the epididymis containing an abnormal cyst-like collection of fluid and sperm cells; may cause scrotal swelling
44
testicular cancer
cancer of the testicles, usually occurring in men 15 to 35 years of age
45
testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord causing decreased blood flow to the testis; occurs most often during puberty and often presents with a sudden onset of severe testicular or scrotal pain because of lack of blood flow to the testis, it is considered a surgical emergency.
46
varicocele
enlarged veins of the spermatic cord; may cause scrotal swelling.
47
balanoplasty
surgical repair of glans penis
48
epididymectomy
excision of the epididymis
49
orchiectomy
excision of the testis
50
castration
bilateral orchiectomy
51
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of testis
52
orchiotomy
incision into the testis
53
prostatectomy
excision of the prostate gland
54
prostatocystotomy
incision into the prostate gland and the bladder
55
prostatolithotomy
incision into the prostate gland to remove stones
56
prostatovesiculectomy
excision of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles
57
vasectomy
excision of a duct
58
vasovasostomy
creation of an artificial opening between ducts
59
vesiculectomy
excision of the seminal vesicles
60
ablation
destruction of abnormal or excessive tissue by melting, vaporizing, or eroding
61
circumcision
surgical removal of the prepuce; all or part of the foreskin may be removed
62
enucleation
excision of a whole organ or mass without cutting into it
63
hydrocelectomy
surgical removal of a fluid-filled sac around the testicles causing scrotal swelling.
64
morcellation
cutting or grinding solid tissue into smaller pieces for removal
65
transurethral incision of the prostate gland (TUIP)
widens the urethra
66
transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT)
treats benign prostatic hyperplasia
67
transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
removal of pieces of the prostate gland through urethral
68
multiparametric MRI
MRI for anatomic structure and physiology
69
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
ultra sound to detect prostate cancer
70
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
blood test measure prostate shit
71
semen analysis
microscopic observation of ejaculated semen
72
digital rectal examination (DRE)
insert a gloved finger into a rectum and palpates the prostate
73
andropathy
disease of the male
74
aspermia
condition of without sperm
75
oligospermia
condition of scanty sperm
76
orchialgia
pain in the testis
77
spermatolysis
dissolution of sperm
78
transurethral
pertaining to through the urethra.
79
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
advanced, chronic immune system suppression caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
80
azoospermia
lack of live sperm in the semen
81
chlamydia
silent STD
82
coitus
sexual intercourse between male and female
83
genital herpes
simplex virus type 2
84
gonorrhea
bacterial organism that inflames the mucous
85
HIV
effect T-helper cells of immune system
86
human papillomavirus
viral infection also called genital warts
87
orgasm
climax of sexual stimulation
88
syphilis
cause by treponema pallidum.
89
trichomoniasis
caused by trichomonas
90
AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
91
BOO
bladder outlet obstruction
92
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
93
DRE
digital rectal examination
94
ED
erectile dysfunction
95
HIV
human immunodeficiency sydrome
96
HoLEP
holmium laser enucleation of the prostate gland
97
HPV
human papillomavirus
98
LUTS
lower urinary tract symptoms
99
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
100
PVP
photoselective vaporization of the prostate gland
101
RP
radical prostatectomy
102
STD
sexually transmitted disease
103
STI
sexually transmitted infection
104
TRUS
transrectal ultrasound
105
TUIP
transurethral incision of the prostate gland
106
TUMT
transurethral microwave thermotherapy
107
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate gland
108
Ovaries
almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity; form and store egg cells (ova) and produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone
109
ovum (pl. ova)
female egg cell
110
graafian follicles
100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. Normally one Graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly between puberty and menopause. It moves to the surface of the ovary and releases the ovum, which passes into the uterine tube
111
uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus
112
fimbria (pl. fimbriae)
finger-like projection at the free end of the uterine tube
113
uterus
pear-sized and shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. Its functions are menstruation, pregnancy, and labor
114
endometrium
inner lining of the uterus
115
myometrium
muscular middle layer of the uterus
116
perimetrium
outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction
117
corpus
large central portion of the uterus
118
fundus
rounded upper portion of the uterus
119
cervic (Cx)
narrow lower portion of the uterus
120
vagina
passageway between the uterus and the outside of the body
121
hymen
fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina
122
vulva
external genitals of the female, including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urinary meatus, and vaginal opening
123
perineum
pelvic floor in both the male and female. In females it refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus
124
Bartholin glands
pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina, just above the vaginal opening
125
breasts
milk-producing glands. Each breast consists of 15 to 20 divisions or lobules (also called mammary glands)
126
mammary papilla
breast nipple
127
areola
pigmented area around the mammary papilla
128
arche/-
first, beginning
129
cervic/o, trachel/o
cervix
130
colp/o, vagin/o
vagina
131
endometri/o
endometrium
132
episi/o, vulv/o
vulva
133
gynec/o, gyn/o
women
134
hymen/o
hymen
135
hyster/o, metr/o
uterus
136
mamm/o, mast/o
breast
137
men/o
menstruation
138
oophor/o
ovary
139
pelv/i
pelvis, pelvic bones, pelvic cavity
140
perine/o
perineum
141
salping/o
uterine tubes
142
peri-
surrounding
143
-cleisis
surgical closure
144
-salpinx
uterine tube
145
amenorrhea
absence of menstrual flow
146
Bartholin adenitis
inflammation of the Bartholin gland
147
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
148
dysmenorrhea
painful menstrual flow
149
endometriosis
abnormal condition of the endometrium
150
endometritis
inflammation of the endometrium
151
hematosalpinx
blood in the uterine tube
152
hydrosalpinx
water in the uterine tube
153
mastitis
inflammation of the breast
154
menometrorrhagia
excessive bleeding from the uterus at menstruation
155
menorrhagia
excessive bleeding at menstruation
156
myometritis
inflammation of the uterine muscle
157
oligomenorrhea
scanty menstrual flow
158
oophoritis
inflammation of the ovary
159
perimetritis
inflammation surrounding the uterus
160
pyosalpinx
pus in the uterine tube
161
salpingitis
inflammation of the uterine tube
162
salpingocele
hernia of the uterine tube
163
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
164
vaginosis
abnormal condition of the vagina
165
vulvovaginitis
inflammation of the vulva and vagina
166
colpocleisis
surgical closure of the vagina
167
colpoperineorrhaphy
suturing of the vagina and the perineum
168
colpoplasty
surgical repair of vagina
169
colporrhaphy
suturing the vagina
170
episioperineoplasty
surgical repair of the vulva and perineum
171
episiorrhaphy
suturing of the vulva
172
hymenectomy
excision of the hymen
173
hymenotomy
incision into the hymen
174
hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
excision of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries
175
mammoplasty
surgical repair of the breast
176
mastectomy
surgical removal of the breast
177
mastopexy
sugical fixation of the breast
178
oophorectomy
excision of the ovary
179
perineorrhaphy
suturing of the perineum
180
salpingectomy
excision of the uterine tube
181
salpingo-oophorectomy
excision of the uterine tube and the ovary
182
salpingostomy
creation of an artificial opening in the uterine tube
183
trachelectomy
excision of the cervix
184
trachelorrhaphy
suturing of the cervix
185
vulvectomy
excision of the vulva
186
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus. Numerous female reproductive system surgeries are performed with this technique
187
myomectomy
excision of a uterine fibroid
188
sentinel lymph node biopsy
injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to ideni=tify the sentinel lymph nodes
189
stereotactic breast biopsy
technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion
190
tubal ligation
surgical closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization; cut and tied, cut and cauterized, closed off with clip, clamp, ring or band
191
uterine artery embolization
placement of small gelatin beads into uterine arteries to stop blood flow supplying uterine fibroids or to stop severe hemorrhage after childbirth; performed by an interventional radiologist
192
hysterosalpingogram
radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes
193
mammogram
radiographic image of the breast
194
mammography
radiographic imaging of the breast
195
sonohysterography
process of recording the uterus by use of sound
196
colposcope
instrument used for visual examination of the vagina
197
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina
198
hysteroscope
instrument used for visual examination of the uterus
199
hysteroscopy
visual examination of the uterus
200
pelviscopic
pertaining to visual examination of the pelvic cavity
201
pelviscopy
visual examination of the pelvic cavity
202
transvaginal sonography (TVS)
ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus ,cervix, uterine tubes, and surrounding structures; used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, to monitor pregnancy, and to evaluate ovulation for the treatment of infertility
203
CA-125 test
blood test primarily used to monitor treatment for ovarian cancer and to detect recurrence once treatment is complete
204
HPV test
a cytological study of the cervical and vaginal secretion to detect high-risk forms of HPV that can cause abnormal cervical cells and cervical cancer; used for cervical cancer screeming
205
Pap test
cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect abnormal and cancerous cells; primarily used for cervical cancer screening
206
endocervical
pertaining to within the cervix
207
gynecologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of women
208
gynopathic
pertaining to diseases of women
209
leukorrhea
white discharge (from the vagina)
210
mastalgia
pain in the breast
211
menarche
beginning of menstruation
212
vaginal
pertaining to vagina
213
vesicovaginal
pertaining to the urinary bladder and vagina
214
vulvovaginal
pertaining to the vulva and vagina
215
anovulation
absence of ovulation
216
contraception
intentional prevention of conception
217
dyspareunia
difficult or painful intercourse
218
fistula
abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface
219
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
replacement of hormones, estrogen and progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause
220
menopause
cessation of menstruation, usually around the ages of 48 to 53 years; may be induced at an earlier age surgically or medically
221
oligoovulation
infrequent ovulation
222
ovulation
release of an ovum from a mature graafian follicle
223
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occuring up to 10 days before menstruation. Symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache
224
prolaspe
displacement of an organ or anatomic structure from its normal position
225
speculum
instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection
226
A&P repair
anterior and posterior colporrhapy
227
BC
birth control
228
Cx
cervix
229
D&C
dilation and curettage
