Otorrhagia
Bleeding from the ear
Otalgia/ otodynia
Earache
Otorrhea
Purulent drainage from the ear
Tinnitus
Jingling, ringing, or buzzing in the ear
Vertigo
A turning around, dizziness
Otitis externa
Inflammation of the external acoustic meatus
Cerumen impaction
Excessive buildup of wax in the ear that often reduces hearing acuity, esp. in elderly
Myringitis/ tympanitis
Inflammation of the eardrum
Otitis media
Inflammation of the middle ear
Aerotitis media
Inflammation of the middle ear from changes in atmospheric pressure, often occurs with frequent air travel
Eustachian obstruction
Blockage of the Eustachian tube, usually as a result of infection, as in otitis media
Otosclerosis
Hardening of the bony tissue in the ear
Sensorineural hearing loss
Hearing impairment caused by lesions or dysfunction of the cochlea or auditory nerve
Mixed hearing loss
Combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss
Presbyacusis/ presbycusis
Hearing Impairment in old age
Anorexia
Loss of appetite
Aphagia
Inability to swallow
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (ascos=bag)
Buccal
In the cheek
Diarrhea
Frequent loose or liquid stools
Constipation
Infrequent or incomplete bowel movements characterized by hardened dry stool that is difficult to pass
Dyspepsia
Indigestion
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
Eructation
Belch
Flatulence
Gas in the stomach or intestines
Halitosis
Bad breath
Hematemesis
Vomiting blood
Hematochezia
Red blood in stool
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver
Hyperbilirubinemia
Excessive level of bilirubin (bile pigment) in the blood
Icterus/ jaundice
Yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera ( white of the eye), and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood
Melena
Dark colored, tarry stool caused by old blood
Nausea
Feeling sick in the stomach
Steatorrhea
Feces containing fat
Sublingual/ hypoglossal
Under the tongue
Ankyloglissia
Tongue-tied, a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum
Cheilitis
Inflammation of the lip
Esophageal varices
Swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
Esophagitis
Inflammation of the esophagus
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Back flow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus, often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter, causing burning pain in the esophagus.
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue
Parotiditis/ parotitis
Mumps, inflammation of the parotid gland
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Sore on the mucus membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the GI system exposed to gastric juices. Commonly caused by infection with Helicbacter pylori bacteria
Gastric ulcer: ulcer on stomach
Duodenal ulcer: ulcer on the duodenum
Pyloric stenosis
Narrowed condition of the pylorus
Sialoadenitis
Inflammation of the salivary gland
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
Anal fistula
An abnormal tube like passageway from the anus that may connect with the rectum
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix
Colitis
Inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
Ulcerative colitis
Chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations.
Colorectal polyps
Benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum, adenomatous types are precancerous and likely to develop into malignancy
Pediculated polyp: projected on a stalk
Sessile polyp: lying flat on the surface
Diverticulum
An abnormal side pocket in the GI tract, usually related to lack of dietary fiber
Dysentery
Inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent blood in stools, most often caused by bacteria or Protozoa.
Enteritis
Inflammation of the small intestine
Hemorrhoid
Swollen twisted vein,varicosity, in the anal region,
Haimorrhosis = a vein likely to bleed.
Hernia
Protrusion of a part from its normal location.
Hiatal hernia
Protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
Inguinal hernia
Protrusion of a loop of the intestine through layers of abdominal wall in the inguinal region
Incarcerated hernia
Hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac, causing an obstruction
Strangulated hernia
Hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation, and likely to become gangrenous
Umbilical hernia
Protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal walls round the umbilicus
Ileitis
Inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
Intussusception
Prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Proctitis
Inflammation of the rectum and the anus
Volvulus
Twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
Cholangitis
Inflammation of the bile ducts
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Choledocholithiasis
Presence of stones in the common bile duct
Cholelithiasis
Presence of stones in the gallbladder or bile duct
Cirrhosis
Chronic disease characterized by degeneration of the liver tissue, most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis A
Inflammation of the liver caused by hep A virus (HAV), usually transmitted orally though fecal contamination of food or water
Hepatitis B
Inflammation of the liver caused by hep B virus (HBV), transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
Hepatitis C
Inflammation of the liver caused by hep C virus (HCV) which is transmitted by exposure to infected blood, this strain is rarely contracted sexually
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
Albuminuria/ proteinuria
Presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise
Anuria
Absence of urine formation
Bacteriuria
Presence of bacteria in the urine
Dysuria
Painful urination
Enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control
Nocturnal enuresis, bed- wetting during sleep
Glucosuria, glycosuria
Glucose/ sugar in the urine
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine
Incontinence
Involuntary discharge of urine or feces
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI): involuntary discharge of urine with coughing, sneezing and / or strained exercise
Ketonuria
Presence of ketone bodies in the urine
Ketone bodies/ ketone compounds
Acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid, products of metabolism that appear in the urine from the body’s abnormal utilization of carbohydrates, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation
Nocturia
Urination at night
Oliguria
Scanty production of urine
Polyuria
Condition of excessive urine
Pyuria
Presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection
Urinary retention
Retention of urine resulting from an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction
Adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)
Inherited condition of multiple cyst that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure, diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement, and recurrent UTIs
Glomerulonephritis
Form of nephritis involving the glomerulus
Hydronephrosis
Pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis
Nephrosis
Degenerative disease of the renal tubules
Nephrolithiasis
Presence of a renal stone or stones
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra
Urethrocystitis
Inflammation of the urethra and bladder
Urethral stenosis
Narrowed condition of the urethra
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the urinary tract, esp. the urethra and bladder, symptoms include Dysuria, malaise, urinary frequency
Uremia/ azotemia
Excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure
Diverticulosis
presence of diverticula in the GI, esp. colon
Diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticula
