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Year 5 Histopath > MEDgems > Flashcards

MEDgems Flashcards

1
Q

what is the chemotherapy option for pancreatic cancer?

A

folfirinox
5-FU based

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2
Q

what enzyme is specific to Liver?

A

alanine aminotransferase
hepatocyte

ALT

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3
Q

what enzyme is present in liver, muscle and heart cells?

A

aspartate aminotransferases

ast

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4
Q

what pattern suggests alcoholic hepatitis?

A

AST:ALT ration>2

just raised GGT

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5
Q

enzyme marker in gilberts?

A

UDP-glucuronyl transferase

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6
Q

what is the pancreatic cancer marker?

A

carbohydrate antigen 19-9

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7
Q

what is INR and what is good to measure?

A

so basically time it takes to clot - prothrombin time is a good measure of this and the inr is an internationalused normalised ratio of that

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8
Q

histochemical stain for wilsons?

A

rhodanine

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9
Q

first line management for severe haemochromatosis

A

therapeutic phlebotomy

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10
Q

how can wilson be managed?

A

trientine - copper chelator

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11
Q

iron chelator used to treat haemochromatosis?

A

desferrioxamine

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12
Q

MEN - inheritance pattern?

MEN 1 - all P’s

A

autosomal dominant

autosomal dominant

pituitary adenoma
parathyroid hyperplasia
pancreatic

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13
Q

men 2A
think all C’s

A

parathyroid hyperplasia
medullary thryoid carcinoma
phaeochromoctyoma

calcitonin (medullary thyroid)
calcium (parathyroid)
catecholamine (phaeo)

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14
Q

MEN2B

think B’s

A

Big marfanoid
belly problems

medullary thyroid carcinoma
phaeo
marfanoid
mucosal neuroma’s

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15
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma
tumour marker

A

alpha fetoprotein

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16
Q

zollinger-ellison syndrome - which neuroendocrine syndrome

A

gastrinoma

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17
Q

biliart tract markers?

A

Gamma glutamyltransferase

alkaline phosphatase

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18
Q

hepatic adenomas are associated with what common medication?

A

OCP

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19
Q

hepatic ischaemia biomarker

A

alanine aminotransferase

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20
Q

wilson’s disease serum findings

A

low serum copper and low serum ceruloplasmin

low ceruloplasmin implies abnormal copper handling- wilsons

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21
Q

palpable lymph node - left supraclavicular

A

troisier sign

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22
Q

what is metaplasia

A

1 cell type > another

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23
Q

what is dysplasia?

A

abnormal cells within tissue/organ

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24
Q

poorly controlled UC can lead to what subtype of malignancy?

A

adenocarcinoma

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25
what structure represent weak point in bowel wall? lead to formation of diverticula
taenia colia
26
dilated veins commonly found in oesphagus associated with portal hypertension
varices
27
regenerating mucosa which project into lumen of bowel visualised in colonoscopy of pt with UC?
pseudopolyp
28
non-caseating granuloma seen in IBD?
Crohn's
29
what does CEA stand for?
carcinoembryonic antigen
30
what protein in stool presence of intestinal inflammation?
calprotectin - increased intraluminal neutrophil - sign of IBD
31
honeycomb lung? SOB,dry cough
interstitial lung disease
32
oat shaped cells on biopsy - what cancer?
small cell lung cancer
33
in UK most common lung cancer?
adenocarcinoma
34
positive signet ring sign - HRCT bronchial wall thickening
bronchiectasis
35
what enzyme released by neutrophils causes development of emphysema in lungs? what inhibits this?
neutrophil elastase alpha 1 antitrypsin
36
what makes up COPD?
chronic bronchitis emphysema
37
restrictive picture on spirometry?
reduced FEV1 reduced FVC normal FEV1/FVC ratio
38
tram track opacities on xray CF - colonised with pseudomonas aeruginosa
bronchiectasis
39
ix of pulmonary fibrosis?
lung function test spirometry - restrictive pattern CXR - normal high resolution lung CT > honeycombing and ground glass opacities
40
lambert-eaton myasthenic syndrome is associated with?
SCLC
41
what does SCLC produce that causes the paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome?
ACTH
42
most common cancer men
prostate lung bowel
43
most common cancer women
breast lung bowel uterus
44
post infection nephritis?
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
45
prostate cancer scoring system
gleason
46
what intracerebral tumour is MEN type 1 associated with?
pituitary adenoma
47
types of testicular tumours?
seminoma (most common) teratoma (LDh.bhcg, afp) yolk sac tumour
48
what is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis that affects the eye ? how to best investigate this?
MRI brain and optic nerves to investigate optic neuritis
49
alport is inherited how?
x linked affects kidneys and ears more common in men nephritis deafness eye disorder
50
new st elevation normal troponin?
myocardial infarction as troponin takes time to be diagnostic - 4 hours minimum
51
what is the treatment for metastatic high grade prostate cancer?
mets probably to bone, bladder gleason score >8 docetaxel based chemo anti-androgen therapy BICALUMATAMIDE
52
lucid interval followed by LOC suggests what on the background of TBI?
extradural haemorrhage
53
suspected renal cancer ' neoplastic cells with transparent cytoplasm. Cell arranged in nest's with intervening blood vessels'
clear cell cancer
54
suspected renal cancer ' neoplastic cells with transparent cytoplasm. sheet of large cells with distinct cell borders seen'
chromophobe
55
Clinical Assessment and Imaging are two parts of the "Triple Assessment" for suspected breast malignancy. What is the final component of Triple Assessment?
histology
56
first line chemo drug for prostate cancer?
docetaxel
57
Extradural haemorrhage - damage to which vessel?
middle meningeal artery
58
fasting blood glucose values above whatis diagnostic of diabetes?
7
59
_____ are typically soft, systolic murmurs heard best at the left lower sternal edge.
Flow murmurs hyperdynamic cicrulations ; pregnancy, anaemia, severe blood loss
60
waxy casts in urine- associated with?
ckd > breakdown of kidney tissue; indicates severe damage
61
what organism is commonly associated with HUS?
escherichia coli
62
surgical option for prostate cancer?
radical prostatectomy
63
Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules found in a renal biopsy are associated with
Diabetes
64
Thickened glomerular basement membrane, scarring, and antibody complex and complement deposits. nephrotic syndrome subtype?
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
65
Persistent ST elevation post myocardial infarction- no chest pain?
ventricular aneurysm > ventricular free wall rupture and eath > cardiac MRI/echo
66
recent history of a sore throat, a non-blanching rash over his legs, and presents with nephritic syndrome and cola coloured urine
IgA nephropathy
67
v1 and V2 show which aspect of the heart?
anteroseptal
68

Year 5 Histopath (11 decks)

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