Media & Cultural influences Flashcards
(7 cards)
Explain the Williams TV study ?
Exposed a British town with modern TV,also did control studys, studied Unitel (single TV channel) and Multitel (multiple channels) . Studied towns twice: once before TV came to Notel and again after it had TV for two years. Exposure to TV led to increase diffrences that children saw between the sexes.
Explain Williams school studies (Exposure to TV) on aggression
Studies were done on public schools, and towns as a whole. They were both longitudinal and cross-sectional. Method was to introduce two observers to the classroom and playground, they would record aggressive acts they saw.
Second graders were twice as aggressive towards each other after TV as before. Overall agression levels rose for both girls and boys after the introduction of TV.
Explain what Mead (1935) Gender diffrences in New Guinea Tribes was about
Mead would reseaarch different cultures by living with families from tribes around the world. She would collect qualitative notes on their habits and traditions in order to write books about their way of life.
Explain the Procedure of Mead (1935)
Cross cultural case study on 3 isolated tribes that consisted of 4 years of overt participant observations and infromal interviews with memebrs of the tribes in their natural enviroment.
What were the findings of Mead (1935) Gender diffrences in Papa New Guinea Tribes
Mead found all 3 tribes showed different gender expectations for the members of their community and concluded that traits that are considered masculine or feminine, have no link to our biological sex, but rather socially constructed by the culture we live in.
Explain the smith and lloyd study, strenght of social learning theory in gender
32 new mothers were recorded playing with a starngers 6 month old baby. These actor babies were males and females but dressed either in sex-appropriate or cross-sex clothes. A range of toys were provided that were masculine or feminine or neutral. It was found squeaky hammer (masculine) was only offered to babies dressed as males as the first choice of toy, and doll (feminine) to babies dressed as girls. Also the mothers verbally encouraged physical activity significantlly more with babies dressed as males. Suggests adults use differential reinforcement based on their stereotypes of appropriate gendered behaviour from infancy.
Explain the Perry and Bussey study (1979)
Perry and Bussey showed film clips to children aged 8 and 9. In the film clips boys and girls were seen selecting an apple or pear, both gender neutral items. Later the children were given a choice of fruit. Boys selected the fruit they had seen another boy selecting and the same for girls. Thsi shows that children model gender behaviours they have observed in gender appropriate models.
