Media representations Glossary and Theorists Flashcards
representation, identity, feminist, gender performativity, ethnicity and postcolonialism (32 cards)
What are positive and negative stereotypes?
good/ bad sets of ideas society may have about a particular group/ place
‘typical’ or ‘generic’ view of what a person is like- this is applied to a whole group
What are countertypes?
Representation that seeks to subvert/ challenge negative stereotypes
What is misrepresentation?
Giving false representation with the intent to do so/ deceive
What is selective representation?
Focus on specific ideas producers wish to communicate (other aspects are ignored) to shape and position audience’s interpretation
What is a dominant ideology?
The most favoured/ hegemonic ideology (beliefs and values)
What is a constructed reality?
Reality is a construct made by producers/ us
What is hegemony?
Leadership in the media that defines norms, values and ideas of the public (dominance)
What is audience positioning?
The relationship between audience and text - how they recieve and respond to texts
Hall and representation theory
What is the difference between encoding and decoding?
-encoding: communicate ideas through a system of signs- producers make specific choices in order to do this
-decoding: process which audience interprets a message
Gauntlett and theories of identity
What is fluidity of identity?
More free/ wider range of representing identities
Gauntlett and theories of identity
What is a constructed identity?
The idea that we construct our own identity with the media we consume
Gauntlett and theories of identity
What is a negotiated identity?
The way in which people consider elements that influence identity
Gauntlett and theories of identity
What is a collective identity?
Someone is made to feel as if they belong to a particular group
Feminist theories- Laura Mulvey
What does the ‘male gaze’ mean?
Products are constructed using a male point of view and reflect male desires- women are objectified in representations in order to appeal to this
Feminist theories
What is meant by voyeurism?
associated with anonymity
The pleasure of looking at others whilst anonymous- looking to gain an illicit pleasure
voyeurism may be achieved by looking at sexual websites online- men could gain an illicit pleasure from looking at women
Feminist theories
What is meant by a patriarchy?
A male- dominated society
Feminist theories
What is meant by sexual or raunch culture?
This culture promotes overtly female sexual representations
Feminist theories
What is meant by post- feminism?
A collection of theories relating to gender- changed in society fro second wave feminism are recognised
second- wave feminism- its top priorities included gender roles, reproductive rights, financial independence, workplace equality, and domestic violence.
Feminist theories
What is meant by the female gaze?
Products are constructed using a female point of view and reflect female desires- men are objectified to appeal to this
Van zoonen and feminist theories
What is gender and power according to Van Zoonen?
The idea that there is a dominating powerful gender- this can be representated in different ways across the media
Van Zoonen and feminist theories
What is gender and discourse according to Van Zoonen?
A range of symbollic activities (style of dress, ways of moving/ talking style of make-up etc)
hooks and feminist theories
What is meant by intersectionality?
The acknowledgement that issues of power relating to gender, race and social class all intersect
Gender performativity- Butler
What does gender as performativity mean?
- Gender isn’t an inherent trait- it is based more on performance through societal norms
Gender performativity- Butler
What is subversion?
Something is against the dominant “typical”/ “norm”, and is always contingent to change
