Media theories new Flashcards
(29 cards)
media industries
curran and seaton
the media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the logic of profit and power, media concentration generally limits variety, creativity and quality
more socially diverse patterns of ownership help to create the conditions for more varied and adventurous productions
Regulation Livingstone and Lunt (1)
there is an underlying struggle in recent regulation policy between the need to further the interest of citizens by offering protection from harmful/offensive material
and further interests of consumers by ensuring choice value for money and market competition
regulation (2)
idea that the increasing power of global media corporations, the rise of convergent media technologies and the transformations in production, distribution and marketing
have all placed traditional approaches to media regulation at risk
Cultural industries david hesmonhalgh (1)
cultural industry companies try to minimise risk and maximise audiences through the use of vertical and horizontal integration and by formatting their cultural products through stars, genres and serials
Cultural industries (2) (3)
idea that the largest companies or conglomerates now operate across a number of different cultural industries
the radical potential of the internet has been contained to some extent by its partial incorporation into a large profit driven set of cultural industries
media effects albert bandura
media can implant ideas into the minds of audiences
audiences acquire attitudes, emotional responses and new styles of conduct through modeling
media effects (3)
media representations of transgressive behaviour, such as violence or physical aggression can lead audience members to imitate those forms of behaviour
cultivation george gerbner
exposure to repeated patterns of representations over long periods of time can shape and influence the way in which people perceive the world around them
cultivation reinforces mainstream values and dominant ideologies
reception theory Stuart hall
communication is a process involving encoding by producers and decoding by audiences
there are 3 hypothetical positions from which messages/meanings may be decoded
reception theory preferred reading
dominant hegemonic position
the encoders intended meaning is fully understood and accepted
reception theory negotiated reading
legitimacy of encoders message is acknowledged in general terms although message is adapted to better fit the decoders own individual experiences/context
reception theory opposition reading
encoders message is understood but decoder disagrees with it reading in a contrary or oppositional way
Fandom theory henry jenkins
fans are active participants in the construction and circulation of textual meanings
fans appropriate texts and read them in ways that are not fully authorised by producers (textual poaching)
fandom theory (3)
fans construct their social and cultural identities through borrowing and inflecting mass culture images
and are party of a participatory culture that has a vital social dimension
end of audiences theory shirley
Internet and digital technologies have had a profound effect on the relations between media and individuals
End of audiences (2)
conceptualisation of audience members as mass media content is no longer tenable in the age of the internet, as media consumers have now become producers who speak back to the media in various ways, creating and sharing content with one another
feminist theory van zoonen
idea that gender is constructed through discourse that varies depending on social and cultural context
idea that the objectification of women is a core element of western patriarchal culture
the same visual and narrative codes that are used to represent the male body as spectacle differ to those used to objectify the female body
Post colonialism paul gilroy
the idea that colonial discourses continue to inform contemporary attitudes about race and ethnicity in the post colonial era
the idea that civilisation sets up racial hierarchies and binary oppositions based on the notions of “otherness”
intersectionality bell hooks
feminism is the struggle to end sexist and patriarchal oppression and the ideology of male domination
feminism is a political commitment not a lifestyle
race and class as well as sex can determine the extent to which individuals are exploited, oppressed and discriminated against
Narratology todorov
idea that all narratives share a basic structure that involves a movement from one state of equilibrium to another
these two states of equilibrium are separated by a period of imbalance/disequilibrium
the way in which narratives are resolved can have ideological significance
genre theory steve neale
idea that genres are dominated by repetition but are also marked by variation, change and difference
genres change and develop as they borrow from and overlap with one another
genres exist within specific economic, industrial and institutional contexts
structuralism levi strauss
idea that texts can be best understood through an examination of their underlying structure
meaning is dependent upon pair of oppositions
the way in which these oppositions are solved can have particular ideological significance
post modernism Baudrillard (media lang)
in post modern culture the boundaries between the real world and the world of media have collapsed and now impossible to distinguish between reality and simulation
post modernism (2) (3)
in the post modern age of simulacra we are immersed into a world of images which no longer refer to anything real
media images have come to seem more real than the reality the supposedly represent, this is a hyper reality
