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Anatomy Exam 2 > Mediastinum > Flashcards

Mediastinum Flashcards

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1
Q

The mediastinum is divided by an imaginary plane that runs from…

A

the sternal angle to the T4 vertebrae

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2
Q

Superior mediastinum is bounded…

A

anteriorly by the manubrium and posteriorly by vertebral bodies of T1-T4

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3
Q

Inferior mediastinum is bounded…

A

anteriorly by the body of the sternum and posteriorly by the vertebral bodies of the lower 8 thoracic vertebrae

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4
Q

The inferior mediastinum is divided into the…

A

anterior mediastinum

middle mediastinum

posterior mediastinum

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5
Q

anterior mediastinum is the space between

A

the pericardium and the sternum

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6
Q

middle mediastinum includes the…

A

pericardium and the heart

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7
Q

posterior mediastinum is the space between

A

pericardium and the vertebral column

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8
Q

the superior mediastinum contains

A

neural structures

vascular structures

respiratory structures

they pass from the adjacent region of the neck and abdomen via the inferior mediastinum

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9
Q

in children the superior mediastinum also contains

A

the thymus

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10
Q

The thymus contributes to the…

A

development and maintenance of the immune system

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11
Q

The thymus is most prominent in

A

childhood

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12
Q

the thymus involutes after puberty and is replaced by

A

fatty tissue

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13
Q

the thymus is located in the…

A

lower part of the neck and anterior part of the superior mediastinum

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14
Q

blood supply for the thymus

A

internal thoracic arteries

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15
Q

veinous drainage for the thymus

A

internal thoracic veins

brachiocephalic veins (innominate veins)

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16
Q

the thymus lies posterior to the _______ and in children can extend into the ___________

A

manubrium

anterior mediastinum to lie anterior to the pericardium

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17
Q

where would a tumor in the anterior mediastinum most likely be

A

the thymus

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18
Q

The great systemic blood vessels of the heart lie within the…

A

superior mediastinum

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19
Q

the main branches of the great blood vessels arise before passing through

A

the superior thoracic aperture

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20
Q

what are the 3 great vessels

A

Arch of the Aorta

Pulmonary Trunk

Superior Vena Cava

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21
Q

What tributaries of the superior vena cava are located within the superior mediastinum

A

Brachiocephalic Veins

left superior intercostal vein

Supreme intercostal vein

Azygos vein

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22
Q

Brachiocephalic veins drain blood from…

A

the upper body

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23
Q

left superior intercostal vein collects blood from…

A

the left 2nd and 3rd intercostal vein

drains into the left brachiocephalic vein

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24
Q

supreme intercostal vein drains…

A

the vein from the 1st intercostal space directly into brachiocephalic veins

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25
Azygos vein receives blood from the...
right posterior intercostal veins
26
Superior Vena Cava returns blood from all structures...
superior to the diaphragm EXCEPT for the lungs and heart
27
Intercostal veins drain into the
azygous vein system
28
The hemiazygous vein and the accessory hemiazygous vein drain
drain across the verterbal column over to the azygous
29
the accessory hemiazygous and the hemiaxygous vein collect blood from
the left intercostal veins
30
brachiocephalic artery is only on
the right side
31
The hemiazygos vein runs
superiorly in the lower thoracic region to the left side of the vertebral column
32
Accessory hemiazygos vein is formed by
the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins
33
esophageal cancer can quickly spread to the lung by
draining into the azygos vein azygos vein -> superior vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> get pumped out by the pulmonary artery into the lung
34
The pulmonary trunk bifurcates into the
left and right pulmonary arteries
35
pulmonary trunk exits from the
right ventricle
36
the pulmonary trunk is situated...
initially anterior to the aorta it moves medially and posteriorly
37
The right pulmonary artery passes posterior to the
ascending aorta
38
the 3 major branches of the aortic arch arise with the...
superior mediastinum
38
the aorta begins with the...
ascending aorta at the aortic orifice of the left ventricle
39
what are the 3 major branches of the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic artery Left common carotid Left subclavian artery
40
Brachiocephalic artery supplies
right side of the head and neck right upper limb
41
left common carotid artery supplies
left side of the head and neck
42
Left subclavian artery supplies
left upper limb
43
vessel components of the superior mediastinum
left common carotid artery left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve left internal jugular vein left subclavian vein left subclavian artery anterior scalene right phrenic nerve Brachiocephalic trunk
44
what are the 4 types of aneurysms of the aorta
ascending aorta aneurysm aortic arch aneurysm descending aorta aneurysm abdominal aorta aneurysm
45
what aortic aneurysms are an issue in terms of nerve compression
ascending aorta aneurysm aortic arch aneurysm descending aorta aneurysm
46
what are the branches of the vagus nerve?
Right vagus nerve Left vagus nerve right recurrent laryngeal nerve left recurrent laryngeal nerve
47
the vagus nerve has 2 distinct paths (name them)
right vagus nerve left vagus nerve
48
the right vagus nerve runs...
parallel to the trachea and passes posteriorly to the superior vena cava and right primary bronchus
49
the left vagus nerve enters the...
superior mediastinum between the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries descends anteriorly to the aortic arch before traveling posterior to the left bronchus
50
If there is a tumor in the anterior mediastinum, where is it most likely to be?
the thymus
51
the right recurrent laryngeal hooks around the...
right subclavian artery and ascends between the trachea and esophagus to supple the larynx
52
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve arises from the...
left vagus nerve as it passes the aortic arch it loops under the arch to the left of the ligamentum arteriosum before going to the tracheal esophageal groove in the larynx
53
vagus nerve travels through the neck with the...
internal jugular veins and the common carotid arteries
54
the right and left vagus nerves give off...
parasympathetic branches that contribute to the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses
55
When the vagus nerves pass behind the main bronchi they converge to form what?
esophageal plexus
56
Superior to the diaphragm the plexus gives rise to
two vagal trunks posterior and anterior
57
the right recurrent laryngeal nerve does NOT
enter the mediastinum
58
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve is spatially related to the
apex of the right lung
59
the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the
right subclavian artery
60
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks around the
aortic arch
61
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is spatially related to the lymph nodes of the
aortic arch
62
injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerves can result in
unproductive cough weakened voice loss of voice can cause problems in the respiratory tract
63
what is the ligamentum arteriosum
fibrous remnant of the ductus arteriosus extending between the aortic arch and the pulmonary trunk
64
what is the ductus arteriosus?
a fetal blood vessel that connects the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta
65
in utero the ductus arteriosus serves as a
bypass for the lungs
66
Nerves in the superior mediastinum include
phrenic nerve Cardiac nerves
67
the phrenic nerve sits on what muscle
anterior scalene muscle
68
the phrenic nerves enter the
superior mediastinum lateral to the great vessels and descend anteriorly into the middle mediastinum passing anteriorly to the hilum of the lung (if you can make this card better pls do info on slide 25) (i have no idea what is happening)
69
the phrenic nerve supplies motor innervation to the?
diaphragm
70
the phrenic nerve supplies sensory innervation to the
mediastinal pleura diaphragmatic pleura
71
Cardiac nerves originate from the
superior middle and inferior cardiac ganglia
72
cardiac nerves form the superficial and deep
cardiac plexuses
73
the cardiac plexuses are located in the
superior mediastinum
74
the superficial plexus sits between the
aortic arch and right pulmonary vein
75
the deep plexus lies on the surface of the
trachea at the point of bifurcation
76
sympathetic trunk runs...
bilaterally to the vertebral bodies along the entire length of the vertebral column
77
the trachea is what to the esophagus
anterior
78
the posterior surface of the trachea is...
flat
79
the trachea ends at the...
sternal angle
80
the posterior mediastinum includes
thoracic aorta esophagus thoracic duct
81
the thoracic aorta beings at the...
inferior border of t4
82
the thoracic aorta descends on the
left side of T5-T12 vertebrae
83
the thoracic aorta becomes the ______ once it passes through the aortic hiatus
abdominal aorta
84
the thoracic aorta supplies
intercostal spaces and thoracic viscera
85
esophagus is what to the arch of the aorta
posterior
86
what is the thoracic duct
the largest lymphatic channel in the body
87
where does the thoracic duct orginate
cisterna chyli and ascends through the posterior and superior mediastina
88
what does the thoracic duct drain into
the union of the left internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein
89
the thoracic duct drains lymph from the whole body EXCEPT
the right side of the head and neck right side of the thorax upper surface of the liver
90
the right jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunks enter the veins on the right side of the neck as the...
right lymphatic duct
91
The superficial tissues drain lymph into the
axillary and internal thoracic nodes
92
the deep tissues drain lymph into the
internal thoracic node intercostal node diaphragmatic node (then subsequently into the thoracic duct)
93
the heart drains lymph into
lymphatic vessels that follow the coronary arteries ultimately draining to the inferior tracheobronchial nodes
94
home is where the heart is?!?!?
FALSE. the middle mediastinum is where the heart is (hehe you're welcome for the comedic relief)

Anatomy Exam 2 (6 decks)

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