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Medical Flashcards

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1
Q

The top layer of skin composed of epidermal cells are called what?

A

keratinocytes

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2
Q

A lesion that has not been altered y scratching, rubbing, scrubbing or other types of trauma is known as what?

A

Primary skin lesion

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3
Q

Is a flat, circumscribed (well defined) discolored lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter like a freckle is called?

A

Macule

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4
Q

Is an elevated solid lesion usually less than .5 cm in diameter like a wart is called?

A

Papule

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5
Q

An elevated, solid lesion usually greater than .5 cm in diameter that lacks any deep component is called?

A

Plaque

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6
Q

A flat, circumscribed, discolored lesion greater than 1 cm, a large macule or Mongolian spot is called?

A

Patch

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7
Q

An elevated solid lesion in the deep skin or subcutaneous tissues, also called larger or deeper papules are called?

A

Nodule

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8
Q

A firm, rounded flat-topped elevation of skin that is evanescent and pruritic (hive) is known as what?

A

Wheal

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9
Q

An elevated lesion that contains clear fluid and is less than .5cm also known as a water blister is called?

A

Vesicle

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10
Q

A localized, fluid-filled lesion usually greater than .5 cm also known as a blister is called?

A

Bulla

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11
Q

A lesion that contains purulent material also known as acne is called?

A

Pustule

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12
Q

an elevated and circumscribed, walled cavity that contains fluid or purulent material is called?

A

Cyst

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13
Q

a primary lesion that has been altered by scratching, scrubbing, or other types of trauma or caused by a type of injury or insult is known as?

A

Secondary skin lesion

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14
Q

a collection of cellular debris or dried blood or scab is called?

A

crust

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15
Q

is a partial focal loss of epidermis is known as what?

A

Erosion

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16
Q

A full-thickness crater that involves the dermis and epidermis, with loss of the surface epithelium is called?

A

Ulcer

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17
Q

A vertical loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined walls is called?

A

Fissure

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18
Q

a linear erosion created by scratching is called?

A

Exocriation

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19
Q

A collection of new connective tissue is called?

A

Scar

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20
Q

There are two common categories of skin cancer, what are they?

A

Nonmelanoma and malignant melanoma

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21
Q

Pressure ulcers are also known as what?

A

Decubitis

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22
Q

Atopic dermatitis and what often are used interchangeably?

A

Eczema

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23
Q

A superficial vesicopustular skin infection that primarily occurs on exposed areas of the face and extremities from scratching infected lesions is called?

A

Impetigo

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24
Q

Tiniea of the Head, scalp

A

capitas

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25
Tinea of the body
corporis
26
Tinea of the groin or genitalia
cruris
27
Tinea of the feet
pedis
28
Tinea of the hands
Manuum
29
Tinea of the fingernails or toenails
Unguium
30
Tinea of the trunk
versicolor
31
A substance that can reverse the adverse effects of a poison
Antidote
32
A substance that can reverse the adverse effects of a venom by binding to it and inactivating it
Antivenin
33
a pesticide that inhibits acetylchoinesterase
Carbamate
34
Substances that decrease the time a poison spends in the GI tract by increasing bowel motility
Cathartics
35
A substance with a pH greater than 7; also known as a base or alkali
caustic
36
A substance that can bind metals; used as an antidote to many heavy metal poisonings
Chelating agent
37
Unique identification number of chemicals, much like a person's Social Security number
Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS) number
38
A substance able to corrode tissue or metal (e.g., acids and bases)
Corrosive
39
The process of removing dangerous substances from the patient; may involve removing substances from the skin and or removing substances from the GI tract
Decontamination
40
Inernalization of more than the safe amount of a medication or drug; often associated with illegal drugs when a user administers too great an amount of substance; may be used to commit suicide
Drug overdose
41
The process of injecting venom into a wound; venomous animals include snakes, insects, and marine creatures
Envenomation
42
A large molecule that performs a biochemical reaction in the cell
Enzyme
43
A method of internal decontamination that involves emptying the stomach contents through an orogastric or nasogastric tube
Gastric lavage
44
A member of a large class of chemicals belonging to the petroleum derivative family; they have a variety of uses, such as solvents, oils, reagents, and fuels
Hydrocarbons
45
Being under the effect of a toxin or drug; common terminology (nonmedical) refers to intoxication as being under the effect of alcohol or illegal drugs
Intoxification
46
The injury seen when skin and cells are dissolved and die; bases (alkalis) commonly cause this injury
Liquefacation necrosis
47
The oxidation of hemoglobin from the ferrous iron to the ferric iron state.
Methemoglobinemia
48
The stinging cells many marine creatures use to envenomate and immobilize prey.
Nematocyst
49
A substance that counteracts the effects of acids or bases; brings the pH of a solution back to 7
Neutralizing agent
50
Desensitization of the sense of smell
olfactory fatigue
51
a pesticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase
organophosphate
52
The accidental or intentional ingestion of an excess of a substance with the potential for toxicity
Overdose
53
Any substance that can harm the human body also known as a toxin
Poison
54
Any one of a number of large molecules composed of amino acids that form the structural components of cells or carry out biochemical functions
protein
55
A substance converted to a toxin through a biochemical process in the body; would be harmless if not converted
Protoxin
56
The ration of the amount of drug to produce a therapeutic dose compared with the amount of drug that produces a lethal does; a narrow therapeutic window is dangerous because of the greater possibility of undermedicating and the greater possibility of overdosing
Therapeutic index
57
the study of poisons
Toxicology
58
A classification system of toxic syndromes by signs and symptoms
Toxidrome
59
Any substance that can harm the human body; also known as a poison
Toxin
60
The 4 digit number assigned to chemicals during transit by the U.S. DOT; the 2008 Emergency Response Guidebooks lists useful information about these chemicals
UN number
61
The pressure exerted by a vapor against the sides of a closed container; a measure of volatility-high vapor pressure means it is a volatile substance.
Vapor pressure
62
The poison injected by venomous animals such as snakes, insects, and marine creatures
Venom
63
A measure of how quickly a material passes into the vapor or gas state; the greater the volatility, the greater its rate of evaporation
Volatility
64
Chemical release or spill awareness acronym is what?
Recognize, Avoid, Isolate, Notify (RAIN)
65
Chemical database WISER stands for what?
Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders
66
The DOT defines a strong acid or base at what pH?
Strong Acid is less than 2 and Strong base is more than 12.5
67
Ammonium nitrate can cause methemoglobinemia in infants called?
blue baby
68
an agent that kills or impedes a viurs
Antiviral
69
The period after infection during which the disease may be transmitted to another host
Communicable period
70
The interval between the first appearance of symptoms and resolution
Disease period
71
A body's ability to resist a particular disease
Immunity
72
The time between exposure to a disease pathogen and the appearance of the first signs or symptoms
Incubation period
73
Inflammation and swelling of the cornea
Keratitis
74
Period during and after infection in which the disease is no longer transmissable
Latent period
75
Inflammation of the inner brain coverings
Leptomeningitis
76
General feeling of illness without any specific symptoms
Malaise
77
A symptom indicating the onset of a disease
Prodrome
78
The ability of the body to defend itself against disease-causing microorganisms
Resistance
79
Distorted grinning expression caused by involuntary contraction of the facial muscles
Risus sardonicus
80
vulnerability or weakness to a specific pathogen; the opposite of resistance
Susceptibility
81
Repeated, prolonged contraction of muscles, especially of the face and limbs
Tetany
82
A mode of transmission of a disease, typically from an insect or animal
Vector
83
A term used to refer to either the relative pathogenicity or the relative ability to do damage to the host of an infectious agaent
Virulence
84
The period after infection during which the antigen is present but no antibody is detectable
Window phase
85
Successful transmission of disease requires 3 conditions what are they?
virulence (strength of the organism) of the disease or its dose, immune status of the host, and the correct mode of entry
86
Syphilis can affect any organ system and has come to be known as what?
The great imitator
87
What is the second most common STD in the US?
Gonorrhea
88
What is the most common STD in the US?
Chlamydia
89
Chlamydia is the leading cause of preventable _______ worldwide.
Blindness
90
An Act that requires that employers designate a person or officer within the organization to whom exposed employees should report is called?
The Ryan White Act

paramedicine (9 decks)

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