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Medical Flashcards

(56 cards)

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0
Q

Describe a Simple Partial seizure?

A

Involves movement or sensations to one part of body.

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1
Q

What is the difference between heat stroke and heat exhaustion?

A

Heat exhaustion= cool, moist skin

Heat stroke= ALOC, hot skin, still may be moist or dry

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2
Q

Describe a Focal Motor seizure?

A

Simple partial w/ localized motor activity (spasm or jerking).

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4
Q

Describe a Complex Partial seizure?

A

Changes in LOC w/ automatisms (lip smack, chewing, swallowing).

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5
Q

Tricyclic antidepressant OD treatment…

A
  1. ABCs
  2. Detailed hx with time of ingestion
  3. Activated charcoal if within 2 hrs
  4. Cardiac monitoring
  5. Sodium Bicarb
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6
Q

What is the syndrome called often following dialysis caused by a change in osmolality between intracellular and extracellular fluids and presents with headache, restlessness, nausea, and fatigue? Severe conditions include confusion, seizures, and coma.

A

Disequilibrium Syndrome

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7
Q

What are some adverse effects during or following dialysis?

A 
Hypotension
Muscle cramps
N/V
Disequilibrium Syndrome
Hemorrhage from anticoagulant use
Air embolism
CP from myocardial ischemia
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8
Q

Treatment for pit-vipor (rattlesnake) bites…

A

ABCs
Keep supine
Immobilize limb in neutral position
O2, IV, transport

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9
Q

Treatment for coral-snake bites…

A

Wash wound with water
Apply compression bandage and keep at heart level
IV
Transport to ER with anti venom

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10
Q

What are some contraindicated treatments for snake bites?

A

Ice pack
Cutting around wound site
Electrical stimulation

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11
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Gallbladder Inflammation

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12
Q

What is Murphy’s sign and what is it associated with?

A

Inspiratory pause when the RUQ is palpated, gallstones

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13
Q

Identify the medical problem…
RUQ abdominal pain that may radiate to right back or shoulder
N/V
Fever
May be hypotensive or tachycardic
Similar symptoms that may have previously resolved

A

Cholecystitis

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14
Q

Which part of the brain helps regulate vegetative functions such as breathing, LOC, and nerve pathways?

A

Brainstem

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15
Q

Located in the brainstem, where is the respiratory center?

A

Medulla

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16
Q

Which part of the brainstem is responsible for hearing and visual reflexes, coordination of motor activity, and serves as a relay for impulses?

A

Midbrain

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17
Q

What part of the brainstem is responsible for level of consciousness?

A

Reticular Activating System

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18
Q

Which part of the brain plays a key role in emotion and sexuality, helps regulate body temperature, controls the pituitary gland, and integrates the nervous and endocrine systems?

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

What part of the brain contains the thalamus and hypothalamus?

A

Diencephalon

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20
Q

What is the largest part of the brain and is divided into right and left hemispheres and controls thought process and memory?

A

Cerebrum

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21
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

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22
Q

What part of the brain involves body coordination, balance, and equilibrium?

A

Cerebellum

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23
Q

What bacterial disease is characterized by severe, violent coughing?

Study These Flashcards
A

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

24
Q

What virus is…

  • a common cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis
  • often occurs during winter months
  • often misdiagnosed as a cold
  • should be presumed in children under one have wheezing in the winter
25
Which cells does HIV specifically target?
T-lymphocytes
26
Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through oral-fecal route?
A
27
Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through direct contact with blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and saliva?
B
28
Which type of hepatitis is transmitted through needle sticks, IV sharing, or transfusions?
C
29
Which type of hepatitis can you get only if you have hepatitis B?
D
30
Which type of hepatitis is similar is transmission to Hep A but is more commonly associated with drinking water?
E
31
Which bacterial disease is... - the most common preventable disease in the world - is spread through airborne droplets - S/S include chills, fever, fatigue, productive or nonproductive cough, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis
Tuberculosis
32
Which infection... - should be suspected in newborns with fever - presents with rapidly developing symptoms over a few hours or 1-2 days including fever, chills, headache, nuchal rigidity with flexion, arthralgia, lethargy, malaise, ALOC, vomiting, and possibly seizures - In older children look for Brudzinski's sign (flexion of neck causes flexion of hips and knees) and Kernig's sign (inability to fully extend the knees with hips flexed)
Meningitis
33
Which viral disease... - is highly contagious and characterized by a reddish rash that appears on the 4th or 5th day of the illness - more common in children older than 4-5 months - S/S include severe cold w/ fever, conjunctivitis, eyelid swelling, photophobia, malaise, cough, nasal congestion - fever can increase to 104-106 when rash is at maximum - a day or two before rash, Koplik's spots appear (bluish-white specs with red halo approx 1mm in diameter) on oral mucosa - rash usually lasts 6 days and spreads from head to feet by 3rd day
Measles (Rubeola)
34
Which acute viral disease... - is characterized by painful enlargement of the salivary glands - transmitted through respiratory droplets - most often affects 5-15 year olds - my present with earache and difficulty chewing/swallowing - most often resolves in a week without intervention - in post-pubescent patients, inflammation of the testes, breasts, or ovaries may occur
Mumps
35
Which systemic viral disease... - is characterized by sore throat and low-grade fever - is accompanied by a fine pink rash on the face, trunk, and extremities that lasts about 3 days - is devastating to a developing fetus
Rubella (German Measles)
36
Which disorder is characterized by N/V, gastrointestinal cramping/discomfort, anorexia, and diarrhea
Gastroenteritis
37
What acute disorder is a nonspecific term often applied to gastroenteritis and presents with diarrhea, N/V, and abdominal pain after eating?
Food Poisoning
38
Which bacterial infection of the CNS... - is characterized by rigidity of the muscles in close proximity to an injury site, pain/stiffness in jaw, muscle spasms in entire body possibly leading to respiratory arrest - in children, abdominal rigidity is the first sign
Tetanus
39
Which STD... - is one of the most commonly diagnosed communicable diseases in the US - in men, presents with painful urination and purulent urethral discharge - most women have no pain and minimal discharge - some women have urinary frequency, vaginal discharge, fever, abdominal pain and PID
Gonorrhea
40
Which skin disease is characterized by intense itching?
Scabies
41
Which psychologic disorder is characterized by rapid onset and involves visual hallucinations and confusion?
Delirium
42
Which psychologic disorder is characterized by slow onset over months and presents with diminished ability to learn new information or to recall previously learned info?
Dementia
43
Which psychologic disorder involves a significant change in behavior often including hallucinations, delusions, and depression?
Schizophrenia
44
What is the difference between anorexia and bulimia?
Anorexia is characterized by voluntary refusal to eat and bulimia involves binge eating with compensatory self-induced vomiting or diarrhea
45
What is characteristic about insulin shock?
Rapid onset
46
What are people experiencing hypothyroidism (also called myxedema) especially susceptible for?
Hypothermia
47
What's the pneumonic for the effects of Ache inhibitors (sarin, woman, tabun)?
DUMBELS
48
What is the difference between Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic coma (HHNK)?
HHNK does not present with fruity breath, Kussmal's respirations, or acidosis
49
What is a disorder characterized by excess thyroid hormones leading to increased metabolism?
Grave's Disease
50
What disorder is characterized by hypertension, vulnerability to infection, weight gain, and a moon face appearance (puffy eyes)?
Cushing's Syndrome
51
What disorder is form of shock is characterized by profound hypotension and electrolyte imbalances?
Addison's Disease
52
What is characteristic of Crohn's Disease?
Absence of bowel sounds due to obstruction.
53
Where is pain associated with cholecystitis and what is characteristic?
RUQ; Murphy's Sign (pain caused when inflamed gallbladder is palpated by pressing under right costal margin)
54
Where is pain associated with appendicitis?
RLQ
55
Where is pain associated with pancreatitis and what is a characteristic?
LUQ; may radiate to back
56
What constitutes a positive tilt test or positive orthostatics?
Change in BP of 10 or more, or 20 on the HR

National Registry (7 decks)

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