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Medical Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of first aid?

A

Save lives
Prevent further injury
Minimize infection

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2
Q

What is the meaning of mass casualty?

A

Number of casualties outweighs medical support

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3
Q

What is triage?

A

A French word meaning to sort

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4
Q

Where do you call when “calling it away”?

A

DCC - 4257
Quarterdeck - 3201/3202
Pilot house - 3222

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5
Q

What is the definition of shock?

A

Failure of heart and blood vessels to maintain enough oxygen-rich blood getting to vital organs of the body.

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6
Q

How do you treat for shock?

A

Elevate feet 6-12 inches

Keep warm

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7
Q

What is hemorrhaging?

A

Bleeding

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8
Q

Describe arterial bleeding

A

Recognized as spurting blood from the wound

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9
Q

Describe venous bleeding

A

Recognized as pooling or pouring blood from the wound

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10
Q

What are 4 ways to control hemorrhaging?

A

Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure point
Tourniquet

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11
Q

What are dressings for?

A

To cover wounds

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12
Q

What are bandages for?

A

Hold dressings in place

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13
Q

What is the purpose of bandages and dressings?

A

Control bleeding
Protect wound
Prevent contamination

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14
Q

What is the definition of pressure point?

A

Compressing an artery against a bone

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15
Q

How many pressure points are there?

A

22 (11 on each side)

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16
Q

What are the pressure points?

A

Temporal, mandibular, carotid, subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, iliac, femoral, popliteal, tibial

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17
Q

What is a tourniquet?

A

Flat constricting band grater than 1in wide to cut off blood supply to an injured limb

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18
Q

When should a tourniquet be used?

A

Only as a last resort

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19
Q

Where should a tourniquet be placed?

A

Above and as close to the wound edge as possible

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20
Q

What should you do after applying a tourniquet?

A

Mark “T” on the victims head and the time the tourniquet was applied

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21
Q

3 types of heat casualties

A

Heat cramp
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke

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22
Q

What causes Heat cramps?

A

Hot environments

Excessive sweating

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23
Q

Symptoms of heat cramp

A

Muscular pain and spasm
Faintness or dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
Exhaustion and fatigue

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24
Q

How do you treat heat cramps?

A

Move casualty to a cool area
If the victim can drink, give 1/2 glass of cool water every 15 minutes
If vomiting, do not give water
Gently stretch or massage muscle to relieve spasm

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25
What are the causes of heat exhaustion?
Excessive severe loss of water and salt
26
Symptoms of heat exhaustion
``` Temperature of 104 degrees or less Headache, nausea, loss of appetite Dizziness, weakness, or fainting Malaise Pupils dilated Pale, cool, clammy skin Rapid and shallow breathing ```
27
How do you treat heat exhaustion?
``` Move casualty to cool area Apply cool, wet compress Remove heavy or wet clothing If casualty can drink, give 1/2 glass of water every 15 minutes Treat for shock Request medical assistance ```
28
What are the causes of heat stroke?
Casualty is unable to cool the body fast enough | The heat causes serious damage to brain and internal organs
29
Symptoms of heat stroke
``` Casualty may still be sweating Skin will be hot, red, and dry Altered mental status Temperature of 105 degrees or higher Headache, nausea, dizziness, weakness Abnormal breathing pattern Fast and weak pulse Pupils constricted ```
30
How do you treat heat stroke?
``` Reduce the body temperature immediately Cold packs to armpits, groin; neck, and behind the knee Move victim to coolest place possible. Remove clothing ABCs Call 911 or DCC Treat for shock Give nothing by mouth ```
31
How is the severity of a burn determined?
Depth - 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree | Amount of skin burned
32
Symptoms of a 1st degree burn
Upper later if skin Equivalent to sunburn Pain and redness only Heals without scars
33
What are the symptoms of a 2nd degree burn?
``` Deep skin damaged Extremely painful Blisters, weeping fluid Easily infected. Do not break blisters Heals within 2-3 weeks, may leave scars ```
34
Symptoms of 3rd degree burns
Full thickness of skin destroyed Destroyed skin has no pain, surrounding areas extremely painful May be white or charred black Cannot heal within a skin graft from another part of the body
35
What is the rule of 9s?
A quick way to determine the percent of body burned
36
What can you use to determine the percent of area burned?
Use palm or fist, approximately 1% if body surface area
37
What percent is critical with burns?
30% or higher
38
What are some types of burns?
Chemical Electrical Radiation Thermal
39
How do you treat chemical burns?
``` Check MSDS/HMUG for info Remove clothing Brush off dry powders before applying water Flush with water for 20 minutes Do not try to neutralize, use only water ```
40
How do you treat electrical burns?
Secure power first Remember, deep tissues are also burned All electrical injuries must be evaluated by medical personnel
41
How do you treat thermal burns?
Remove heat source, move the patient Use only dry and sterile dressings Remove jewelry quickly before skin swells around them Remove clothing over affected areas unless clothes stick to them
42
What is a closed compound fracture?
Complete break in the bone; but does not break the skin
43
What is an open compound fracture?
Complete breaking of the bone, breaks the skin
44
How do you treat an open compound fracture?
Stop the bleeding first Splint the bones Do not attempt to straighten broken or dislocated bones
45
Purpose of a splint
Immobilizes broken bones l, preventing further injury
46
How do you place a splint on a broken bone?
Measure in uninjured limb and cover joint to joint | Fasten splints in place with bandages, tape or other suitable material
47
How do you treat a sucking chest wound?
If injury has entrance/exit wound: cover wound with hand until dressing is placed. Wipe off blood before dressing and taping Entrance taped on 3 sides over occlusive plastic dressing Exit taped on 4 sides Both wounds covered by large battle dressing
48
What should you use to cover the hole of a sucking chest wound?
Malleable plastic. Like a trash bag | Do not use rigid plastic
49
How do you treat an abdominal evisceration?
Use 2 abdominal emergency trauma dressings | Wet-dry
50
What should you never do to an abdominal evisceration?
Never give anything by mouth | Never push protruding bowels back into abdominal cavity
51
Name 3 types of stretchers
Stokes SAR Rescue sleeve (reeve sleeve)
52
Describe a stokes stretcher
Metal frame with chicken wire basket | Most common type onboard US navy vessels
53
Describe SAR stretchers
Sea to air rescue litters
54
Describe rescue sleeves
Orange in color | Most preferred type onboard USS blue ridge
55
Where are the Reeve sleeves located?
In battle dressing stations
56
Where are the SAR litters located?
In the RHIBs
57
How do you transport stretchers on the ship?
Always go down a p-way feet first Always go up a ladder well head first and down feet first Must have at least 4 people to transport
58
Who is the DH for medical?
LCDR Saeed
59
Who is the DIVO for medical?
LCDR Fagen
60
Who is the LCPO for medical?
HMCS Mayes
61
What are the 3 ancillary services provided by medical?
X-Ray Lab Rx
62
What bandage do you apply to a facial wound?
A modified Barton's bandage
63
In what position should a patient be in for a facial wound?
Sitting up and leaning forward
64
How long should a person be removed for smoke inhalation?
At least 20 minutes of fresh air
65
How many mass casualty boxes are there?
6
66
How many battle dressing stations are there? Where are they?
3 Medical Mess decks (stbd fwd) Electrical p-way (stbd aft)
67
What is the definition of first aid?
Emergency care or treatment of sick or injured persons until professional medical services are obtained

Esws (11 decks)

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