Medical

Question 1

signs of obvious death

Answer 1

• rigor mortis
• lividity
• injuries incompatible with life
• decomposition

Question 2

compression rate and ratio for single/double (provider) adult and single(provider) pediatric patient

Answer 2

30:2 with BVM

120 compressions / minute

Question 3

compression rate for a successfully placed BIAD

Answer 3

continuous compressions

Question 4

compression: ventilation for double provider pediatric patient

Answer 4

15: 2

Question 5

3 factors parts of a medical code

1 = most important

Answer 5

1) starting compressions (airway in peds)
2) defibrillation/ AED
3) support (airway, medications, rapid evac, capno, lucas device)

Question 6

interventions during a medical ROSC

Answer 6

1) reassessment of ABCs
2) rapid transport to hospital
3) 12 lead
4) ALS medications if needed

Question 7

interventions during an identified STEMI

Answer 7

• place disconnected AED pads on patient
• give 4x 81 mg aspirin
• ALS for nitroglycerin or EMT assists with pt’s nitro
• call STEMI alert at hospital ASAP

Question 8

Interventions for mild* chest discomfort

mild = discomfort, history

Answer 8

• 12 lead EKG
• 4x 81 mg aspirin

-Consider cardiac history and atypical pain

Question 9

Interventions for severe* chest discomfort

severe = nausea, sweating, pain

Answer 9

• 12 lead EKG
• 4x 81 mg aspirin
• Consider ALS for nitro

-Consider cardiac history and atypical pain

Question 10

contraindications of Aspirin

Answer 10

• GI bleeding

- pediatric patient

Question 11

contraindications of nitroglycerin

Answer 11

• systolic below 100
• inferior STEMI
• use of ED medications in the past 36-48 hours

Question 12

contraindications of atrovent

Answer 12

• atropine sensitivity
• wide angle glaucoma
• obstruction of GI and GU

Question 13

dosage of albuterol

Answer 13

2.5 mg/ 5 minutes - 4x max

Question 14

dosage of atrovent

Answer 14

0.5 mg/ 5 minutes - 2x max

Question 15

interventions for reactive shortness of breath (COPD, asthma, etc)

Answer 15

• albuterol and atrovent via Nebulizer
• high flow oxygen
• monitor SpO2, EtCO2, patient’s LOC
• consider ALS for medication

-consider airway, breathing, 12 lead

Question 16

interventions for wheezing lung sounds

Answer 16

-atrovent and albuterol

consider contraindications

Question 17

interventions for minor* allergic reactions

minor = rash, itching, mild dyspnea

Answer 17

• albuterol
• atrovent
• Benadryl

Question 18

interventions for major* allergic reaction

major = poor perfusion, anaphylaxis, dyspnea, swelling

Answer 18

• Epinephrin auto-injector IM
• albuterol
• atrovent
• Benadryl
• consider ALS for IV medications

Question 19

treatment for angioedema

Answer 19

allergic reaction protocol

angioedema ≈ swelling of tongue, lips, cheeks

Question 20

possible causes of abdominal pain

Answer 20

• Nausea/ vomiting (drugs, alcohol, toxins…)
• GERD (consider cardia)
• Abdominal aortic aneurysm (consider shock)
• GI Bleed (consider shock, coffee ground vomit, black stool)
• Infection
• Trauma
• STEMI
• New onset of disease (chron’s, IBS, etc)
• ectopic pregnancy and other complications \

and many more

Question 21

general interventions for altered LOC

Answer 21

• glucomter
• 12 lead EKG
• stroke assessment
• obtain history from close bystanders to compared current LOC to baseline

Question 22

8 possible causes for altered LOC

Answer 22

• Diabetes - glucometer
• psychiatric - prescribed meds may offer clues
• overdose - examine surroundings and consider smells and environment (bars, parties, found needles)
• trauma - consider MOI and examine pupils
• seizure - consider history and meds
• fever
• stroke - VAN and Cincinnati assesment
• cardiac event

don’t assume only one cause is the reason for the presentation of the patient

Question 23

interventions for low blood sugar with altered LOC

Answer 23

• oral glucose if intact swallowing abilities
• glucagon if unable to swallow safely
• consider ALS for IV

-call medical control for refusals

Question 24

intervention for opioid OD

Answer 24

• Assist with ventilations using an airway adjunct
• narcan

-pupils should appear “pinpoint”

Question 25

interventions for EtOH OD

Answer 25

- monitor ABCs - consider nausea/vomiting - suction as needed - consider ALS

Question 26

overall interventions for OD/ poisonings

Answer 26

- ensure safety of crew, use proper PPE - try and identify substance if possible, time elapsed, amount ingested - Spinal Motion Restriction if needed - contact poison control if needed - consider shock

Question 27

what is the dose for narcan

Answer 27

0.4 mg - 4.0 mg IN/ 5 min or until Pt can breathe themselves

Question 28

general interventions for non-active seizing

Answer 28

- glucometer - Identify and manage possible injuries (from falls, hitting head, swallowing objects, etc) - consider altered LOC

Question 29

general interventions for active seizure

Answer 29

- protect patient from harm (moving objects, people, placing pillow under head, etc) - call ALS from medications

Question 30

components of Cincinnati stroke scale

Answer 30

- Facial droop - Arm drift/weakness - Slurred speech - Time last seen normal (ideally under 6 hours)

Question 31

components of a VAN stroke assessment

Answer 31

Vision loss - partial loss? total loss? Aphasia - trouble speaking? Neglect - Ignoring one side of the body

Question 32

interventions for a stroke patient

Answer 32

- glucometer - 12 leed EKG - stroke assessments - consider the best destination for the patient

Question 33

interventions for a mild psychiatric case mild = agreeable pt, mostly calm, can't/won't harm crew or bystanders

Answer 33

- transport in position of comfort | - do not let patient get in between crew and an exit from home, ambulance etc

Question 34

interventions for a moderate psychiatric case moderate = agitated, listens to commands

Answer 34

- transport in position of comfort | - ALS for chemical restraints

Question 35

interventions for a severe psychiatric case severe = violent, irrational, agitated

Answer 35

- law enforcement for physical restrains | - ALS for chemical restraints