Medical chemistry Flashcards
(28 cards)
How many carbon atoms are in Butyl?
Four.
How many carbon atoms are in Ethyl?
Two
How many carbon atoms are in Methyl?
One
How many carbon atoms are in Propyl?
Three
Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl and Butyl are types of which group of chemical?
Alkyls.
Which bond defines carbonyl groups?
A carbon-oxygen double bond, C=O.
What are the five common types of carbonyls?
Aldehyde, ketone, acid, ester, amide.
What’s an aldehyde?
O=CR - A carbon with a double bond to O, a single bond to an R, and a single bond to an H.
What’s a ketone?
A carbonyl of the form []C([])=O
Are ketones common in drugs?
Yes.
What’s a carboxylic acid?
A carbonyl with an R group and an OH. [*]C(OH)=O
What’s an ester?
A carbonyl of the form []C(O[])=O.
What’s an amide?
A carbonly of the form [*]C(N)=O. The N can be attached to anything, e.g. H2.
Why do different functional groups get different names?
To distinguish their very different chemical reactivities.
In drugs, is sulphur most commonly seen in five or six membered aromatic rings?
Five-membered.
Sulfonamide is one of the most common sulfur molecules in drugs. What is the formula?
[]S(=O)(=O)N([])[*]. The latter two could e.g. be H.
Does polarity of a molecule, a chemical property, affect the biological properties of the molecule?
Yes.
Which biological properties are affected by polarity?
Water solubility, transportation in the body, and protein interactions.
Is water polar?
Yes, very.
Do non-polar molecules dissolve well in water?
No, because water is polar. Like dissolves like.
Is dis-solvability in water always a good thing?
No.
What are the lone bonds in N and O atoms called?
Hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs.)
Name two common low-polarity functional groups.
Alkyls and phenyl rings.
Does adding halogens or sulfur decrease or increase polarity?
It increases polarity.
