Medical Conditions Flashcards
(15 cards)
Hypertension (HBP)
-Greater than 130/85
-Normal= 120/80
Risk factors: Smokers, overweight, stress, little activity, oral contraceptives, cocaine use
Antihypertensives include:
- Diuretics
- B blockers
- Ca channel blockers
- ACE inhibitors
- A Blockers
Angina
Insufficient blood (oxygen) supply from the coronary arteries to heart. -Result of ischaemic heart disease
Symptoms
-Can present as jaw pain in the LHS
Antianginal drugs:
- Nitroglycerine (self administer)
- Ca Channel blockers
- B blockers
Contraindications: If unstable, cannot do dental tx
Arrhythmias
Abnormal rhythm/ irregular heartbeat (due to fault in impulse generation or conduction
Normal= 60-80 bpm (depends on the person)
Three types of arrythmias:
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation
Anti arrhythmic drugs:
- B blockers
- Ca channel blockers
- Other ion blockers
Contraindications:
If unstable cannot perform dental tx
-Thyroid diseases have more risk of arrhythmias, cocaine users
Chronic Heart Failures
Damaged heart muscle needs to work harder (enlarges), over time beats faster and becomes stretched
- LHS- pulmonary congestion and difficulty breathing
- RHS- systemic congestion and peripheral oedema
Tx- Digoxin (cardiac glycosides)
Stroke (CVA)
When the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced
Tx: Anticoagulants/ Blood thinners
Some patients who have has a stroke experience hypersalivation (pooling of saliva)
Fibrous dysplasia
Jaw enlargement where bone is replaced by connective tissue
- Painless
- prone to fracture
-Differential diagnosis: Neoplastic
Pagets disease
Chronic metaolic disease where bone is resorbed, repaired and remineralised
- Jaw enlargement
- Hypercementosis
- Spacing between the teeth
- Denture not fitting
Tx: Bisphosphonates
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is where the bones become thin, weak and fragile (reduced bone mass)
- Bisphosphonate is the main tx (eg fosamax)
- Decreased Ca absorption with long term steroid use
Salivary gland disorders
- Hyposalivation
- Hypersalivation
- Stones
- Infections
- Salivary gland tumours
Hyposalivation
Measurable decrease in the amount of saliva
**Not the same as xerostomia
Causes:
-Medications (diuretics, sympathomimetics, CNS acting, anticholinergic)
-Tumours
ETC (many causes)
Hypersalivation
Excessive saliva (increased production or decreased clearance)
Causes:
-Medications
-Parkinsons
Etc
Salivary stones
Submandibular duct is most common
Thyroid diseases
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
**Uncontrolled hyper= increased sensitivity to adrenaline and risk of arrhythmia, emergency tx only
Increased risk of perio and caries
Addisons disease
Increased melanin production
Decreased production of the adrenal steroids
-Long term corticosteroids can lead to this
Haematological conditions
Anaemia
Leukaemia
Excessive/Uncontrolled bleeding
