medical conditions week 2 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are indicators of respiratory involvement
. Shortness of breath
. Cough
. Wheeze
. Cyanosis
. Tight Chest
. Chest pain
. sign of infection
Signed of difficulty breathing
.Flared nostrils
. wheezing
. reduced consciousness
Purse lip breathing
. recession
. Trouble completing sentences
. Stridor
. Use of accessory muscle
.Cyanosis
what to look out for when inspecting
Rashes
.Medication patches
.Chest wall/ marking
.Recession
.Accessory muscle
.Chest shape
.Respiratory rate, depth and rhythm
What should you feel for when palpating
Feeling for:
Tenderness
Crepitus (crunching feel)
Surgical emphysema (bubbling under the skin)
Percussion: tapping - what should it sound like?
Hyper resonance – a hollow, indication of air underneath
Normo-resonance – normal
Hypo-resonance – possibility of a mass, tumour, fluid, sounds dull.
Auscultation what are we listening for:
Wheeze – narrow to the airways
Fine crackle
Reduced breath sounds
Pleural rub – squeaking sound in pacific point
Coarse crackle – indicates fluid in larger airways
Normal breath sound
what tests can you use:
. Peak flow
. ECTO2
. ECG
. Cardiac assessment
what are the signs and symptoms for asthma?
. Rapidly breathing
. Shortness of breath
. Chest tightness
. Wheezing
what are the four categories of asthma and there treatment plans
Mild – above 75% of predicted of their best rate due to wheeze
Treatment – encourage to use own inhaler, considering another pathway
Moderate – able to speak in sentences, increasing rate of symptoms, PF = 50-75%
Treatment – administer and supply patient with prednisolone (corticosteroid)
Acute severe – SP02- 92%, Pulse = 110/minute in adults, unable to complete full sentences.
Treatment – higher levels of supplementary oxygen, neb, administer steroids, continuous salbutamol.
Life threatening – silent chest, hypotension, arrhythmia, poor respiratory efforts, exhaustion, cyanosis, hypotension.
Treatment – early consideration, continuous salbutamol in neb, no change administers ipratropium.
Dosage and administrate of salbutamol = 5mg/5ml.nebulised with 6-8I min, no max iof dose
Hydrocortisone = dosage – 100mg in 1ml, slow IV (2mins) or IM.
Sever or life-threatening asthma
What are the pathophysiolgy of asthma
immune reaction to allergen which causes:
. Acute airway inflammation -
. Bronchoconstriction -
. bronchospasm -
. Bronchiole oedema -
. Mucous production -
Risk factors of asthma
. Women – throughout childhood
. Lower socio- economic status
. Obesity
. Exposure to smoke or smoking
. Respiratory infections in childhood
. Allergies, industrial exposure to chemicals
. Family history
Risk factors for COPD.
Smokers
. chronic exposure to airborne irritants
. Can follow acute episodes of acute bronchitis
. Genetic deficiency
. Trigger of exacerbation = infection and pollutants
Signs and symptoms of COPD
Increased dyspnoea – usually on exertion
. Hypoxia
. Tachypnoea
. Increased sputum volume/purulence
. Increased cough
. increase wheeze
. Chest tightness
Sever features of copd
Marked dyspnoea.
Tachypnoea.
Pursed-lips breathing.
Use of accessory respiratory muscles (sternomastoid and abdominal) at rest.
Acute confusion.
New-onset cyanosis.
New-onset peripheral oedema.
Marked reduction in activities of daily living
what is Pneumonia
nflammation in one or both lungs caused by an infection (most commonly bacteria
The alveoli fill with fluid
The fluid reduces the surface area for gas exchange
. Lobar pneumonia = infection in one or more lobes
. Usually caused by staphylococcus pneumoniae
. Leads to the production of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli
. Sudden onset and individuals develop pleuritic pain
what are the signs and symptoms of Pneumonia
Hypoxia
Bi-basal crackles
SOB/DIB
Productive cough
Fever
Reduced breath sounds
Chest pain
Dullness on percussion of the bases
Chest pain
Generalised weakness
