Medical Directives Flashcards
(55 cards)
What are the indications for treating hypoglycemia?
Suspected Hypoglycemia
- </= 2 years —- 3mmol/L
- > 2 years ——- 4mmol/L
What is the classification of Dextrose?
Glucose elevating agent
What are the contraindications of Dextrose for hypoglycemia?
Allergy or sensitivity to Dextrose
What route is Dextrose administered for hypoglycemia?
IV
What are the conditions for using dextrose to treat hypoglycemia?
Age: >/= 2 years
LOA: Altered
Other: Blood glucose <4mmol/L
What is the MOA of dextrose for hypoglycemia?
Restores blood glucose levels in hypoglycemia, and provides a source of carbohydrate calories.
What is the classification of Glugacon for hypoglycemia?
Anti-hypoglycemic
What are the contraindications of Glucagon for hypoglycemia?
Allergy or sensitivity to glucagon
What route is glucagon administered for hypoglycemia?
IM and IN
What are the conditions for Glucagon when treating hypoglycemia?
LOA: Altered
What is the MOA of glucagon when treating hypoglycemia?
Glycogenolysis- triggers your liver to convert stored glycogen into a usable form of glucose and release it into your bloodstream and conversion of proteins and fats to glucose by gluconeogenis.
What drug(s) are used to treat hypoglycemia?
Dextrose and Glucagon
What drug(s) are used to treat acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
Nitroglycerin
When treating acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema what classification is nitroglycerin?
Vasodilator
When treating acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, what is the MOA of nitroglycerin?
Binds to nitrate receptors which increases nitric oxide (NO) thereby relaxing vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation. This allows for venous pooling, reduced preload and pulmonary capillary pressure.
When treating acute pulmonary edema, what are the conditions for nitroglycerin?
Age: >/= 18 years old
HR: 60-159 bpm
SBP: Normotensive
When treating acute pulmonary edema, what is the route nitroglycerin is administered?
Sublingual
When treating acute pulmonary edema, what are the contraindications for nitroglycerin?
- Allergy or sensitivity to nitrates
- Phosphodiesterase inhibitor use within the previous 48 hours
- SBP drops by one-third or more of its initial value after nitroglycerin is administered
What are the indications for treating bronchoconstriction?
Respiratory distress AND suspected bronchoconstriction
What drugs are used to treat bronchoconstriction?
Salbutamol, Epinephrine, Dexamethasone
What is the classification of salbutamol when treating bronchoconstriction?
Bronchodilator/Adrenergic B2 Agonist
What are the indications for treating moderate to severe allergic reactions?
Exposure to probable antigen AND signs and symptoms of a moderate to severe allergic rxn (including anaphylaxis)
What medications are used to treat moderate to severe allergic reactions?
Epinephrine and Diphenhydramine
What is the MOA of epinephrine for allergic rxns?
B1 and B2 agonist causing increased levels of cyclic AMP producing bronchodilation and cardiac stimulation -Inhibition of Mast Cell Degranulation: stabilizes mast cells and basophils, reducing the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators, which helps limit the progression of the allergic reaction.
