Medical Emergencies

Question 1

What is the definition of conscious?

Answer 1

Being aware of surroundings and reacting to these

Question 2

What is the definition of unconscious?

Answer 2

Not alert and not responding to verbal and physical stimuli

Question 3

What are the causes of unconsciousness? (FISH SHAPED)

Answer 3

Faint, infections, shock, head injury, stoke, heart attack, asphyxia, poisons, epilepsy and diabetes

Question 4

There are different levels of consciousness, what are these? (ACVPU)

Answer 4

Alert - the person is alert and may be able to answer normally
Confusion - the casualty may be confused and not thinking clearly
Verbal - can they be roused by asking a question or command
Pain - cn be roused with a gentle shake or tap
Unresponsiveness - cannot be roused at all

Question 5

What is the primary survey done for?

Answer 5

Establish if the casualty is unconscious but breathing

Question 6

What is the secondary survey done for?

Answer 6

To check the casualty to assess if they have any injuries

Question 7

Why should you put someone in the recovery position?

Answer 7

It maintains they airways

Question 8

If the casualty is breathing but unconscious, what should you do?

Answer 8

Place them in the recovery position and monitor them and their breathing every 10 minutes

Question 9

What is asphyxia?

Answer 9

Low levels of oxygen in the blood supplied to the cells

Question 10

What are the signs and symptoms of asphyxia?

Answer 10

Wheezing, coughing, cyanosis, panic

Question 11

What would you do if you come across a conscious choking patient?

Answer 11

Encourage them to cough
5 back blows
5 abdominal thrusts
Repeat this 3 times before calling for an ambulance

Question 12

When should you not perform abdominal thrusts?

Answer 12

Pregnant women, obese patients, babies

Question 13

What is an anaphylactic shock?

Answer 13

Sever allergic reaction

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock

Answer 14

Rapid swelling of the face, hands or feet, rash, collapse. feeling faint

Question 15

What do you do if someone is in anaphylactic shock?

Answer 15

call 999, administer adrenaline, give oxygen and potentially perform CPR

Question 16

How does a seizure occur?

Answer 16

The brains wave pattern is interrupted causing uncontrollably moments of confusion

Question 17

What is a tonic-clonic?

Answer 17

A large/major seizure

Question 18

What is an absent seizure?

Answer 18

Small or minor seizure

Question 19

Signs and symptoms of a tonic clonic seizure

Answer 19

Possible auro beforehand, convulsions, sickness

Question 20

What should you do if someone is having a seizure?

Answer 20

Move any harmful objects away and clear the room for their dignity, don’t force anything into their mouth or restrain them

Question 21

What do you administer for a seizure?

Answer 21

buccal midazolam if the patient has not had a seizure before, if it has been over 5 minutes or they are repeated seizures

Question 22

What is angina?

Answer 22

When blood vessels providing the heart begin to narrow

Question 23

Signs and symptoms of angina

Answer 23

Clutching at the chest, irregular pulse, pale and clammy

Question 24

What should you administer for angina?

Answer 24

GTN spray sublingually, oxygen

If the casualty does not recover, administer aspirin and call 999

Question 25

What is a myocardial infarction?

Answer 25

A heart attack - when the blood vessels providing the heart are partially or fully blocked

Question 26

Signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarction

Answer 26

Cyanosis, greying pallor, sever pain and no relief from GTN

Question 27

What should you do if some is having a myocardial infarction?

Answer 27

Give GTN spray, administer aspirin, call 999, prepare for CPR if needed

Question 28

What is a cardiac arrest?

Answer 28

The heart has stopped

Question 29

Signs and symptoms of a cardiac arrest

Answer 29

No pulse, unconsciousness, collapse

Question 30

What should you do if someone is having a cardiac arrest?

Answer 30

Call 999 and begin CPR

Question 31

What is hypoglycaemia?

Answer 31

Low blood sugar levels

Question 32

What should you do if someone is has hypoglycaemia?

Answer 32

Give them glucogel or tablet if they are conscious. If they are unconscious, administer glucagon injection and call 999 if no recovery

Question 33

Signs and symptoms of a syncope

Answer 33

Pale and clammy skin, loss of consciousness, collapse, nausea

Question 34

What should you do if someone faints?

Answer 34

Give them glucogel or tablet if they are conscious, raise feet higher than the head and ventilate the area. If they are unconscious, glucose should be administered through an injection

Question 35

Signs and symptoms of clinical shock

Answer 35

Pale, clammy skin, nausea, confusion, collapse

Question 36

What should you do if someone has gone into clinical shock?

Answer 36

Do not leave the casualty alone, call 999, do not let them eat or drink

Question 37

How do you put someone into the recovery position?

Answer 37

Move the arm closest out at a right angle and bend at elbow Place the back of their other hand against the cheek closest Pull the furthest leg upward so the foot is on the ground Roll the patient towards you Tilt head up to ensure the airway is open