Medical Emergencies Pharmacology Review Session Flashcards
(21 cards)
Epinephrine
Sympathominemetic
Alpha 1, Beta 1, Beta 2
Asthma, reversible bronchospasm, anaphylaxis and wheezing
- 3 - 0.5 mg IM 1:1,000
- 1 - 0.5 mg 1:10,000 IV
Insusion 1mg of 1:1000 epi in 250 ml NS - COH 4 mcg/ml
Dirty Epi
1 mg of 1:10,000 epi in 1000 ml NS - COH 1 mcg/ml - 1-2 mcg/min
Push dose 1ml of 1:10,000 in a 10 ml syringe, now you have 0.01 mg/ml = 10 mcg/ml
Albuterol
Sympathomimetic
Selective beta 2 agonist
asthma, copd in bronchospasm in anaphylaxis. Can be used in hyperkalemia
2.4 mg in 2.5 ns over 15-20 mins
Ipratroprium Bromide
Atrovent
Anticholinergic
Dose 0.5 mg in 2.5 ml NS mixed with Albuterol - over 15-20 mins
Solumedrol
Steroid
Anti-inflammatory, suppress the immune response in allergies
Severe anaphylaxis, asthma, cops, suspected or known adrenal insufficiency
1-2 mg/kg IV max 125 mg
Diazepam - Valium
Anticonvulsant and sedative
Increases GABA in the brain, decreases motor activity in the brain. Also causes amnesia
Seziures
before cardioversion
RSI
skeletal muscle relaxant
No analgesic relief
SEIZURES 5-10 mg IV in 10-15
ANXIETY: 2-5 mg
CARDIOVERSION: 5-15 mg
Lorazepam - Ativan
The prefered medication for seizures
Binds to GABA receptors and increases GABA
Causes amnesia
Major motor seizures
Status epilepticus
premedication before cardioversion
acute anxiety states
DOSE 2-4 mg SLOW IV
Muse be diluted with equal amount of saline before IV/IO
Midazolam - Versed
Short acting
CNS depressant and sighnificant amnesia
No analgesic properties
DOSE: 2-6 mg SLOW IV or IM
Flumazenil - Romazicon
Benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used in benzo overdose
Dextrose
50%, 25%, 10%
Indicated for hypoglycemia
NEVER MORE THAN 10% IN NEONATES, THEY WILL DIE
Narcan
Dose 0.4-2mg IV/IO/IM/IN
thiamine
treats thiamine deficiency before dextrose administration
yo start at 50, this shit causes cardiac arrest…
50-100 mg iv
Ondasteron - Zofran
Nausea
Can cause long QT syndrome, never give to someone with long QT
Diphenhydramine - Benadryl
Blocks histime 1 receptor in allergic reactions
Do not give in pregnancy or milking mother
Dose 25-50 mg iv/io/im
DuoDote - Atropine and pralidozime auto injector
1-2 g mix in 100 ml NS given over 15-30 mins
Atropine orgaophosphate poisioning
2-6 mg im/iv/io every 5 minutes
Haldol
antipsychotic
3-5 mg IM
Onset 20-30 min peaks at 50-60
Ketamine - Ketalar
NMDA receptor antagonist
Blacks glutamine (CNS neurotransmitter in the brain)
Sedation and Pain management
RSI
Behavioral
-4 mg/Kg IM only. 400 mg singe dose max. onset 3-4 minutes
Analgesia
- 0.3-0.5 mg/Kg IV repeat in 10 mins
- 1 mg/kg IM or IN, repeat in 20 minutes
Electrical therapy
- 0.1-0.5 mg/kg IV
- 1 mg/Kg IM, repeat in 5 minutes
Glucagon
Turn glycogen stores in the liver into glucose
hypoglycemia 0.5 - 1mg I’m, iv, io, in
BB or CCB overdose 1-5 mg im/iv/im
Calcium Chloride
Elevates serum calcium levels
Positive inotropy
Positive promotropy
Stabilizes cellular membranes in hyperkalemia
Calcium is the Mag antagonist
MAH toxicity BURP BP decrease Urine output decrease RR decrease Petellar reflex absent
Avoid if pt is on dig
DO NOT MIX WITH SODIUM BICARBONATE
Dosing
Hyperkalemia, hypermag, hypocalcemia 0.5-1g IV/IO over 2-5 minutes, repeat as necessary
Sodium Bicarb
Elevates blood pH
Acidosis
Indication for Toxicology
-methanol, ethylenol glycol, cardiac toxicology in tricylic antidepressant, sasicylate OD, Sodium channel blocker OD
Hydroxocabalmin Cyanokit
cyanide toxicity
5g over 15mins
COH = 25 mg/ml
second dose in severe cases
