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1011 | Professional Studies for Paramedics > Medical Ethics > Flashcards

Medical Ethics Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What are ethics

A

The theory it’s the correct thing to do

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2
Q

What are morals

A

It indicates their practice

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3
Q

What is consequentialism?

A

An action judged from consequences.
For the best overall consequence, with resources and patients.

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4
Q

What is deontology

A

When an action is deemed good or bad because it is right in itself

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5
Q

What is autonomy

A

A persons right to make their own decisions and decide how they live their life.
If the patient has capacity they can decide whether or not to have healthcare intervention, even if refusal lead to death

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6
Q

What is non-maleficence

A

“Above all do no harm”
Consider the doctrine of double effect

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7
Q

What is beneficence

A

Doing good for a patient.
Acting in a way that promotes individual wellbeing and acting in their best interests

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8
Q

What is justice

A

What is right and fair in any situation, such as treating two individuals equal to their needs rather than equal to each other

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9
Q

What is accountability

A

Taking responsibility.
Being answerable for personal acts, to provide a protecting, deterrent, regulator and educative function

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10
Q

What areas do paramedics face accountability

A

Criminal law
Civil law
Employment law
Professional regulation

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11
Q

What is medical negligence

A

Failing to provide the level of care that is expected, which has resulted in harm

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12
Q

What must be in place for medical negligence to be proven

A

A duty of care
Breach of the DOC
Reasonably foreseeable
And resulting in harm

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13
Q

Compare ‘standards of care’ and ‘duty of care’

A

SOC- requiring a level of proficiency, competence and professionalism
DOC- level and moral obligation to ensure health, safety and wellbeing of the patient

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14
Q

What is the Tannahill model of health promotion

A

Three overlapping circles.
- Health education
- Promotion
- Protection

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15
Q

The 6 C’s

A

Care
Compassion
Commitment
Competency
Courage
Communication

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16
Q

Protected characteristics of the Equality Act 2010

A

Age
Race
Gender reassignment
Sex
Sexual orientation
Marriage and civil partnership
Religion
Disability
Pregnancy and maternity

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17
Q

The doctrine of double effect

A

Doing something morally good but having morally bad side effects
Eg cannulation

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18
Q

The Caldicott principles

A

Justify the purpose of using information
Don’t use unless absolutely necessary
Use minimum necessary data
Access is on a need to know basis
Be aware of responsibilities
Understand and comply with the law
Duty to share info is just as important as protecting it

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19
Q

What is Gillick competency

A

Under the age of 16 and having enough intelligence and understanding to fully appreciate the risks and benefits of their treatment

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20
Q

What is respect

A

Due regard for feelings and wishes of others

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21
Q

What is dignity

A

Care which supports and promotes independence, not undermining them and their differences

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22
Q

What was the Marmot review

A

Fair Society, Healthy Lives 2010.
To address social issues affecting health

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23
Q

What is the HCPC and its purpose

A

The HCPC is a register who set standards for professionals such as paramedics or dietitions to meet. The HCPC hold these individuals to the standards and only allow those who meet the standards to register.
They protect the public, ensure individuals are practicing safely and continuously assess competency.

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24
Q

What was the Francis report

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A

Held in 2013 following failings in care identified at Staffordshire Hospital
After patients were found to be left soiled, hungry, thirsty, and with poor care.

25
What is duty of candour
Being open and honest when something goes wrong. Being able to apologise and offer support and guidance to those that were affected
26
What is the court of protection
Oversees operations of the MCA 2005. Makes decisions on finance and welfare matters for those who lack capacity
27
What is the Caldicott report
Reviewed in 1997 to look at how patient information is maintained, after concerns for breaching of information.
28
Legislation relating to confidentiality
Data Protection Act 2018 GDPR Health and Social Care Act 2015 Human Rights Act 1988
29
What is confidentiality and what is the duty held under
A duty of confidence when one person discloses information This duty is held under the law, employment contract and professional conduct
30
When is a breach in confidentiality allowed
Safeguarding Serious crime National security threat Risk of harm to themselves or others Terrorism Births and deaths Traffic offences
31
Fraser guidelines
To determine if children under the age of 16 are able to consent to sexual health advice, contraception and treatment without parental consent
32
Explain EOL care
Support and treatment for individuals in the last hours, days, weeks, months of their life. About maintaining comfort and reducing treatment. Allowing individuals to die in dignity by taking in considerations for their wishes, preferences and beliefs
33
What is the Gold Standards Framework
Providing training and support for health and social care professionals in EOL patients
34
Duty of confidence
When one person discloses information to another, where it is expected that information will be held in confidence
35
What is a health record
Information recorded about a person, for the purpose of managing their healthcare
36
Purpose of record keeping
Primary- support quality, safety and consistency of patient care Secondary- legal documentation for investigation and improving standards of care
37
Explain relevant information to be included in health records
Relevant clinical findings Decisions made Information given to patients Any treatment given and why Other investigations Pertinent negatives Only use accepted terminology or abbreviations
38
Benefits of ePRF
Support and guidance for decision making Transferable Integration of other systems Easier to read and edit Greater security
39
What is battery
Intentionally touching a patient without their consent, or consent from a carer if underage, or without capacity (if not justified by the doctrine of necessity)
40
What is equality
Creating a fairer society Eliminating prejudice and discrimination Treating people equally despite differences
41
What is diversity
Peoples difference Recognising we are all different and respecting this
42
What is discrimination
Treating someone unfairly because of who they are or one of the protected characteristics
43
The difference between bullying and harassment
Bullying- offensive and malicious or insulting behaviour. Intended to humiliate or injure the person. Harassment- being targeted of unwanted conduct that violates people’s dignity to create an intimidating and hostile environment.
44
List the gold standards framework 7C’s
Communication Coordination Control of symptoms Continuity of care Continued learning Carer support Care of the dying pathway
45
What is clinical judgement
Assessing risk Vs benefit
46
What is competence
Maintaining own professional standards and CPD. Adhering to standards self by the HCPC, employer and law
47
What is integrity
Doing the right thing for the right reason Being honest and showing a consistent adherence to strong moral and ethical values.
48
What to consider in clinical decision making
Is it Achievable Explainable Justifiable Defensible
49
What is a disability
A physical or mental impairment that has substantial or long term adverse effects on the persons ability to carry out normal activities
50
Models of disability
Medical- disability as a consequence of a health condition, disease or trauma. Disrupts physical and cognitive function Functional- caused by physical, mental or cognitive deficits. Limits ability to perform functional activities Social- limited not by impairment but by environment such as barriers or lack of social organisation
51
What is the social learning theory
That social behaviour is learnt through observing and imitating the behaviour of others
52
What is the behaviourism learning theory
All behaviours are learnt through interaction with the environment
53
What is the psychoanalytic learning theory
The theory of personality development
54
Difference between a safeguarding and a care concern
Safeguarding- an individual is at risk of, or actual harm has been committed in a victim or perpetrator situation Care concern-not coping, requiring additional support
55
RADAR
Used for signs of child abuse Respect Approach Discover Ask Respond
56
What is ‘making every contact count’
Designed to support the understanding of public health and factors what impact on a persons health and wellbeing
57
SBAR
Situation Background Assessment Reccomendation
58
ATMIST
Age Time Mechanism Injuries Symptoms Treatment

1011 | Professional Studies for Paramedics (7 decks)

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