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1011 | Professional Studies for Paramedics > Medical Ethics > Flashcards

Medical Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What are ethics

A

The theory it’s the correct thing to do

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2
Q

What are morals

A

It indicates their practice

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3
Q

What is consequentialism?

A

An action judged from consequences.
For the best overall consequence, with resources and patients.

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4
Q

What is deontology

A

When an action is deemed good or bad because it is right in itself

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5
Q

What is autonomy

A

A persons right to make their own decisions and decide how they live their life.
If the patient has capacity they can decide whether or not to have healthcare intervention, even if refusal lead to death

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6
Q

What is non-maleficence

A

“Above all do no harm”
Consider the doctrine of double effect

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7
Q

What is beneficence

A

Doing good for a patient.
Acting in a way that promotes individual wellbeing and acting in their best interests

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8
Q

What is justice

A

What is right and fair in any situation, such as treating two individuals equal to their needs rather than equal to each other

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9
Q

What is accountability

A

Taking responsibility.
Being answerable for personal acts, to provide a protecting, deterrent, regulator and educative function

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10
Q

What areas do paramedics face accountability

A

Criminal law
Civil law
Employment law
Professional regulation

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11
Q

What is medical negligence

A

Failing to provide the level of care that is expected, which has resulted in harm

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12
Q

What must be in place for medical negligence to be proven

A

A duty of care
Breach of the DOC
Reasonably foreseeable
And resulting in harm

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13
Q

Compare ‘standards of care’ and ‘duty of care’

A

SOC- requiring a level of proficiency, competence and professionalism
DOC- level and moral obligation to ensure health, safety and wellbeing of the patient

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14
Q

What is the Tannahill model of health promotion

A

Three overlapping circles.
- Health education
- Promotion
- Protection

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15
Q

The 6 C’s

A

Care
Compassion
Commitment
Competency
Courage
Communication

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16
Q

Protected characteristics of the Equality Act 2010

A

Age
Race
Gender reassignment
Sex
Sexual orientation
Marriage and civil partnership
Religion
Disability
Pregnancy and maternity

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17
Q

The doctrine of double effect

A

Doing something morally good but having morally bad side effects
Eg cannulation

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18
Q

The Caldicott principles

A

Justify the purpose of using information
Don’t use unless absolutely necessary
Use minimum necessary data
Access is on a need to know basis
Be aware of responsibilities
Understand and comply with the law
Duty to share info is just as important as protecting it

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19
Q

What is Gillick competency

A

Under the age of 16 and having enough intelligence and understanding to fully appreciate the risks and benefits of their treatment

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20
Q

What is respect

A

Due regard for feelings and wishes of others

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21
Q

What is dignity

A

Care which supports and promotes independence, not undermining them and their differences

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22
Q

What was the Marmot review

A

Fair Society, Healthy Lives 2010.
To address social issues affecting health

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23
Q

What is the HCPC and its purpose

A

The HCPC is a register who set standards for professionals such as paramedics or dietitions to meet. The HCPC hold these individuals to the standards and only allow those who meet the standards to register.
They protect the public, ensure individuals are practicing safely and continuously assess competency.

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24
Q

What was the Francis report

A

Held in 2013 following failings in care identified at Staffordshire Hospital
After patients were found to be left soiled, hungry, thirsty, and with poor care.

25
Q

What is duty of candour

A

Being open and honest when something goes wrong.
Being able to apologise and offer support and guidance to those that were affected

26
Q

What is the court of protection

A

Oversees operations of the MCA 2005.
Makes decisions on finance and welfare matters for those who lack capacity

27
Q

What is the Caldicott report

A

Reviewed in 1997 to look at how patient information is maintained, after concerns for breaching of information.

28
Q

Legislation relating to confidentiality

A

Data Protection Act 2018
GDPR
Health and Social Care Act 2015
Human Rights Act 1988

29
Q

What is confidentiality and what is the duty held under

A

A duty of confidence when one person discloses information
This duty is held under the law, employment contract and professional conduct

30
Q

When is a breach in confidentiality allowed

A

Safeguarding
Serious crime
National security threat
Risk of harm to themselves or others
Terrorism
Births and deaths
Traffic offences

31
Q

Fraser guidelines

A

To determine if children under the age of 16 are able to consent to sexual health advice, contraception and treatment without parental consent

32
Q

Explain EOL care

A

Support and treatment for individuals in the last hours, days, weeks, months of their life.
About maintaining comfort and reducing treatment.
Allowing individuals to die in dignity by taking in considerations for their wishes, preferences and beliefs

33
Q

What is the Gold Standards Framework

A

Providing training and support for health and social care professionals in EOL patients

34
Q

Duty of confidence

A

When one person discloses information to another, where it is expected that information will be held in confidence

35
Q

What is a health record

A

Information recorded about a person, for the purpose of managing their healthcare

36
Q

Purpose of record keeping

A

Primary- support quality, safety and consistency of patient care
Secondary- legal documentation for investigation and improving standards of care

37
Q

Explain relevant information to be included in health records

A

Relevant clinical findings
Decisions made
Information given to patients
Any treatment given and why
Other investigations
Pertinent negatives
Only use accepted terminology or abbreviations

38
Q

Benefits of ePRF

A

Support and guidance for decision making
Transferable
Integration of other systems
Easier to read and edit
Greater security

39
Q

What is battery

A

Intentionally touching a patient without their consent, or consent from a carer if underage, or without capacity (if not justified by the doctrine of necessity)

40
Q

What is equality

A

Creating a fairer society
Eliminating prejudice and discrimination
Treating people equally despite differences

41
Q

What is diversity

A

Peoples difference
Recognising we are all different and respecting this

42
Q

What is discrimination

A

Treating someone unfairly because of who they are or one of the protected characteristics

43
Q

The difference between bullying and harassment

A

Bullying- offensive and malicious or insulting behaviour. Intended to humiliate or injure the person.

Harassment- being targeted of unwanted conduct that violates people’s dignity to create an intimidating and hostile environment.

44
Q

List the gold standards framework 7C’s

A

Communication
Coordination
Control of symptoms
Continuity of care
Continued learning
Carer support
Care of the dying pathway

45
Q

What is clinical judgement

A

Assessing risk Vs benefit

46
Q

What is competence

A

Maintaining own professional standards and CPD.
Adhering to standards self by the HCPC, employer and law

47
Q

What is integrity

A

Doing the right thing for the right reason
Being honest and showing a consistent adherence to strong moral and ethical values.

48
Q

What to consider in clinical decision making

A

Is it
Achievable
Explainable
Justifiable
Defensible

49
Q

What is a disability

A

A physical or mental impairment that has substantial or long term adverse effects on the persons ability to carry out normal activities

50
Q

Models of disability

A

Medical- disability as a consequence of a health condition, disease or trauma. Disrupts physical and cognitive function

Functional- caused by physical, mental or cognitive deficits. Limits ability to perform functional activities

Social- limited not by impairment but by environment such as barriers or lack of social organisation

51
Q

What is the social learning theory

A

That social behaviour is learnt through observing and imitating the behaviour of others

52
Q

What is the behaviourism learning theory

A

All behaviours are learnt through interaction with the environment

53
Q

What is the psychoanalytic learning theory

A

The theory of personality development

54
Q

Difference between a safeguarding and a care concern

A

Safeguarding- an individual is at risk of, or actual harm has been committed in a victim or perpetrator situation

Care concern-not coping, requiring additional support

55
Q

RADAR

A

Used for signs of child abuse
Respect
Approach
Discover
Ask
Respond

56
Q

What is ‘making every contact count’

A

Designed to support the understanding of public health and factors what impact on a persons health and wellbeing

57
Q

SBAR

A

Situation
Background
Assessment
Reccomendation

58
Q

ATMIST

A

Age
Time
Mechanism
Injuries
Symptoms
Treatment

1011 | Professional Studies for Paramedics (7 decks)

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