Medical Ethics

Question 1

What is the Quality of Life?

Answer 1

The standard of health, comfort, and happiness experienced by a person in their day-to-day life.

Question 2

What is the Sanctity of Life?

Answer 2

The belief that human life is very special and incredibly valuable.

Question 3

What is the quality of life argument?

Answer 3

The idea that very poor quality of life can be used as an argument for euthanasia.

Question 4

What does Pro-life mean?

Answer 4

The belief that saving or protecting human lives is more important than anything else.

Question 5

What are Kantian Ethics?

Answer 5

A way of making ethical decisions that was developed by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant in the 1700s.

Question 6

What are Utilitarian Ethics?

Answer 6

A way of making ethical decisions that was developed by the British philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Mill in the 1800s.

Question 7

What is euthanasia?

Answer 7

A type of death sometimes called ‘assisted suicide’ because the person is choosing to end their own life, but with the help of a doctor.

Euthanasia is not legal in the UK.

Question 8

Is euthanasia legal in the UK?

Answer 8

No, euthanasia is not legal in the UK. Doctors are not allowed to help a person to die, even if it is what the person wants.

Question 9

Where is euthanasia legal in Europe?

Answer 9

Euthanasia is legal in countries such as the Netherlands and Switzerland.

Question 10

What happens in the euthanasia process in the Netherlands and Switzerland?

Answer 10

If someone is terminally ill, they can request to die from their doctor, who must ensure the decision is made for the right reasons. If satisfied, a lethal drug is given to end their life quickly.

Question 11

What is organ transplantation?

Answer 11

A procedure where a surgeon removes a healthy organ from a recently deceased person and implants it into a sick person.

For example, if a person has heart failure, they may receive a new heart from a donor.

Question 12

How many successful organ transplants occurred in the UK in 2019?

Answer 12

In 2019, there were over 4000 successful organ transplants in the UK.

Question 13

How many seriously ill people are waiting for organ transplants in the UK?

Answer 13

Currently, there are about 5000 seriously ill people waiting for an organ transplant in the UK.

Question 14

How many experiments are carried out on live animals in the UK each year?

Answer 14

Approximately 3.8 million experiments are carried out on live animals in the UK each year.

Question 15

What are the common types of animals used for testing in the UK?

Answer 15

The most commonly used animals are mice, rats, and fish, but cats, dogs, rabbits, horses, and monkeys are also used.

Question 16

What is required by law for new drugs or medicines in the UK?

Answer 16

Any new drug or medicine must be tested on animals before it is given to humans.

Question 17

What diseases have been researched using animal testing in the UK?

Answer 17

Animal testing has been used to research diseases including Alzheimer’s, heart disease, HIV, and Aids.

Question 18

What is illegal to test on animals in the UK?

Answer 18

It is illegal to test products such as make-up, shampoo, soap, deodorants, and other cosmetic or non-life-saving products on animals.

This has been illegal since 1998.

Question 19

What does Medical Ethics study?

Answer 19

It studies how people make moral decisions and the rights and wrongs of different situations.

Question 20

What type of ethics looks at moral decisions faced by doctors, scientists, and vets?

Answer 20

Medical Ethics.

Question 21

Sanctity of Life

Question 22

The belief that human life is sacred and should be protected. This principle is often rooted in

Question 23

religious teachings

Answer 23

such as the idea that life is a gift from God.

Question 24

Pro-Life

Question 25

A stance opposing abortion and euthanasia

Answer 25

advocating for the protection of all human life

Question 26

from conception to natural death.

Question 27

Quality of Life

Question 28

The standard of health

Answer 28

comfort

Question 29

debates

Answer 29

it refers to whether a life is worth living based on its quality.

Question 30

Quality of Life Argument

Question 31

The ethical perspective that decisions about life and death should consider the individual's

Question 32

quality of life

Answer 32

suggesting that if life is filled with suffering and lacks meaning

Question 33

worth preserving.

Question 34

Euthanasia

Question 35

The act of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering. It can be voluntary (with

Question 36

the person's consent) or non-voluntary (without the person's consent).

Question 37

Passive Euthanasia

Question 38

Allowing a person to die by withholding or withdrawing medical treatment that would

Question 39

prolong life

Answer 39

such as turning off a life-support machine.

Question 40

Active Euthanasia

Question 41

Deliberately causing a person's death through actions like administering a lethal dose of

Question 42

medication.

Question 43

Simple Rules of Kantian Ethics

Question 44

Kantian ethics is based on two main principles:

Question 45

1. Universalism: Act only according to maxims that can be consistently universalized.

Question 46

2. Respect for Persons: Treat others as ends in themselves

Answer 46

not merely as means to an

Question 47

Two Simple Rules of Utilitarianism

Question 48

Utilitarianism is based on the principle of maximizing happiness:

Question 49

1. Greatest Happiness Principle: Choose actions that produce the greatest good for the

Question 50

greatest number.

Question 51

2. Everyone's happiness must be counted equally