medical ethics

Question 1

Ethics

Answer 1

The body of moral principles or values governing or distinctive of a particular culture or group

Question 2

What are some things which compromise ethics?

Answer 2

principles
values
honesty

Question 3

morality

Answer 3

our attitudes, behaviours and relations to one another

Question 4

consequentialism

Answer 4

the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome

Question 5

deontology

Answer 5

duties - right and wrong actions

absolute values

Question 6

utilitarianism is a type of what?

Answer 6

consequentialism

Question 7

utilitarianism

Answer 7

look at benefits/harms to individual and society
look at the consequences
greatest good for greatest number of people
maximise happiness and minimise pain

Question 8

Autonomy

Answer 8

promote the right to self determination

Question 9

How can we achieve autonomy?

Answer 9

confidentiality
informed consent
promote capacity

Question 10

Non malfeasance

Answer 10

the avoidance of harm

Question 11

Beneficence

Answer 11

to do good

Question 12

Justice

Answer 12

fairness/equity

individual and population

Question 13

How can we achieve justice?

Answer 13

non discrimination
equal treatment for equal need
rationing
limits to autonomy

Question 14

non-judgemental approach

Answer 14

it does not matter how the patient got his/her condition or complaint

Question 15

Duty of candour

Answer 15

open and honest with patients when something goes wrong with treatment/care which causes or potential to cause harm or distress

Question 16

What must you do in relation to the duty of candour?

Answer 16

apologise to patient
offer appropriate remedy to put things right
explain consequences

Question 17

What is a complaint according to the NHS?

Answer 17

expression of dissatisfaction

that requires a response

Question 18

How do you protect yourself from complaints?

Answer 18

join defence organisation
GMC - good medical practice
act responsibly
listen to patent and put them first

Question 19

First step with a complaint

Answer 19

complaint officer deal with it and may interview you

5 days

Question 20

If complaint dealt with formally how long do you have to acknowledge?

Answer 20

3 days

Question 21

How long to give a FULL response to a complaint

Answer 21

20 days

Question 22

Who can patient complain if dissatisfied with response

Answer 22

complaint officer again

OR public services ombudsman

Question 23

Patients rights under the NHS legislation - complaints

Answer 23

complaint dealt with efficiently and properly investigated
know the outcome of complaint
take complaint to public services ombudsman if not satisfied
claim for judicial review
compensation

Question 24

resilience

Answer 24

ability to withstand and bounce back from adversity

Question 25

4 character traits influencing capacity for resilience

Answer 25

self directedness co-operativeness harm avoidance persistence

Question 26

character trait with strongest correlation with resilience

Answer 26

self directedness

Question 27

self-directedness

Answer 27

conscientious, resourceful and goal orientated | accept responsibility for mistakes

Question 28

co-operativeness

Answer 28

accept opinions and behaviours of colleagues even if different to own

Question 29

harm avoidance

Answer 29

low harm avoidance - more decisive and less anxious | accept degree of risk

Question 30

persistence

Answer 30

maintain behaviour with stamina despite frustration, fatigue or discouragement ?perfectionism

Question 31

predictors of resilience

Answer 31

``` personality previous adversities coping strategies work load culture ```

Question 32

factors contributing to resilience in doctors

Answer 32

female relaxation, exercise spirituality mindfulness

Question 33

professionalism

Answer 33

set of values, behaviours and relationships which underpins the trust the public has in doctors

Question 34

Characteristics of professionalism

Answer 34

``` expertise standards respectability responsibility and reliable probity conduct respect integrity ```

Question 35

Roles of GMC

Answer 35

``` setting standards for doctors overseeing doctor education and training investigate and act on concerns raise standards through revalidation managing UK medical register ```

Question 36

What can medical student concerns lead to?

Answer 36

fitness to practice procedure

Question 37

Examples of things in medical school which can lead to fitness to practice procedures

Answer 37

``` criminal convictions alcohol misuse sharing exam questions with others sign peers into sessions plagiarism ```

Question 38

Forms of consent

Answer 38

``` implied expressed consent verbally expressed consent in writing informed consent - not in UK rational consent ```

Question 39

Bolitho principle

Answer 39

panel of doctors on consent cases decide whether they would have done the same as the defendant

Question 40

Pearce principle

Answer 40

where an average person would expect to be told about the risk they should be told

Question 41

When do patients not have capcity?

Answer 41

unable to make, remember, communicate, understand of act on decisions

Question 42

What should be taken into account when making decisions for someone with incapacity?

Answer 42

past and present wishes | views of relevant others

Question 43

Who can consent?

Answer 43

person with capacity parental of child with parental responsibility court for a child doctors - incapacity

Question 44

Competency over what age?

Answer 44

12

Question 45

public guardian

Answer 45

property and financial affairs within court case

Question 46

mental welfare commission

Answer 46

welfare within court case

Question 47

continuing power of attorney

Answer 47

finance and property

Question 48

welfare attorney

Answer 48

welfare

Question 49

Gillick competency

Answer 49

16 years - legal capacity - surgery, treatment opinion of qualified medical practitioner understand nature and possible complications

Question 50

advanced directives

Answer 50

person's wishes for treatment in future life if become incapacitated

Question 51

English/welsh/scots law - literally or purposively

Answer 51

E+w = both | scots is just purposively

Question 52

Can an FY1 fill out DNACPR?

Answer 52

no

Question 53

Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide - legal or illegal?

Answer 53

illegal

Question 54

doctrine of double effect

Answer 54

must not intend to hasten death | may in certain circumstances administer treatment that will hasten death

Question 55

Informing about an abortion

Answer 55

notify chief medical officer within 14 days

Question 56

adoption

Answer 56

legal contract - birth mother will not be able to contact child

Question 57

fostering

Answer 57

no legal contract - may be able to take over caring responsibilities for her child

Question 58

suicide act

Answer 58

1961 - suicide is illegal

Question 59

GMC - serious communicable diseases

Answer 59

person is at risk of infection which will result in serious harm patient not told them and does not want to