MEDICAL HISTORY Flashcards by Love Dog

MEDICAL HISTORY

considers:

o past systemic diseases
o injuries
o operations

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⭐️

subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)

A. childhood diseases
B. tuberculosis
C. cardiovascular disease
D. pulmonary disease
E. gastrointestinal disease
F. endocrinopathies
G. hepatic disease
H. renal disease
I. allergy
J. drug allergy
K. blood dyscrasias
L. glaucoma
M. venereal disease

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⭐️mumps

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measles

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scarlet fever

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chicken pox

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primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

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angina pectoris, arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease

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⭐️ emphysema

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hiatal hernia

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regional enteritis

peptic ulcer

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hyperthyroidism

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⭐️ diabetes mellitus

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⭐️ adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

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⭐️ alcoholic cirrhosis

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acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis

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hay fever, bronchial asthma

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urticaria and angioedema

stomatitis and dermatitis

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⭐️ anemia

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⭐️ leukemia

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polycythemia, neutropenia

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clinical manifestations:
o fever
o joint pain and swelling
o chest pain
o fatigue

(a) rheumatic fever
(b) subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
(c) mumps
(d) measles
(e) scarlet fever
(f) chicken pox
(g) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

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o small, painless bumps beneath skin

o flat or slightly raised, painless rash with a ragged edge

(a) rheumatic fever
(b) subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
(c) mumps
(d) measles
(e) scarlet fever
(f) chicken pox
(g) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

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⭐️dental implication:
o indicated for prophylactic measures to prevent bacterial
endocarditis

(a) rheumatic fever
(b) subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)
(c) mumps
(d) measles
(e) scarlet fever
(f) chicken pox
(g) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

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⭐️ almost always occurs in individuals with history of rheumatic fever or congenital heart disease (a) rheumatic fever (b) subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) (c) mumps (d) measles (e) scarlet fever (f) chicken pox (g) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

infection which produces growths in the _____, caused by S. viridans (a) rheumatic fever (b) subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) (c) mumps (d) measles (e) scarlet fever (f) chicken pox (g) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

B (endocardium)

caused by entry of microorganisms into bloodstream and attack linings of heart valves (a) rheumatic fever (b) subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) (c) mumps (d) measles (e) scarlet fever (f) chicken pox (g) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS (SBE) treatment

massive daily doses of penicillin for 4-6 weeks

SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS (SBE) A. S. aureus B. S. viridans 1. slow onset 2. fast onset; causes a more destructive infection

1. B 2. A

⭐️dental implications: o antibiotic prophylaxis (a) rheumatic fever (b) subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) (c) mumps (d) measles (e) scarlet fever (f) chicken pox (g) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

swelling in the parotid region (a) rheumatic fever (b) subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) (c) mumps (d) measles (e) scarlet fever (f) chicken pox (g) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

clinical manifestations: o sore throat o sore mouth (a) rheumatic fever (b) subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) (c) mumps (d) measles (e) scarlet fever (f) chicken pox (g) primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

be familiar with medications (1st line of defense): - Rifampicin - Isoniazid - Pyrazinamide - Ethambutol A. childhood diseases B. tuberculosis C. cardiovascular disease D. pulmonary disease E. gastrointestinal disease F. endocrinopathies G. hepatic disease H. renal disease I. allergy J. drug allergy K. blood dyscrasias L. glaucoma M. venereal disease

⭐️ hypertension i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease

o vascular condition causing major concern to dentists o leads to cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction

hypertension

⭐️ follow American Heart Association’s recommendation to wait for 3 months + from acute MI episode before resuming dental care i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

myocardial infarction

⭐️ anticoagulant drugs complicate dental treatment i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

myocardial infarction

⭐️ concentration and quantity of epinephrine and other vasoconstrictors in LA solutions i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

(ii) myocardial infarction

⭐️dental implications: o binder in nitroglycerin tablet (cariogenic) i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

angina pectoris

⭐️prophylactic use of nitroglycerin i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

(iii) angina pectoris

ANGINA PECTORIS/MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA PAIN -blood flow decreased A. ISCHEMIA B. INFARCTION

ANGINA PECTORIS/MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA PAIN -hypoxia (insufficient oxygen) A. ISCHEMIA B. INFARCTION

ANGINA PECTORIS/MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA PAIN -blood flow cut off, necrosis (cellular death) A. ISCHEMIA B. INFARCTION

excessive work by the heart resulting from: o hypertension o hyperthyroidism o rheumatic heart disease o aortic valvular insufficiency i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

congestive heart failure

treatment: Digitalis, Diuretics i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

congestive heart failure

strengthens cardiac contractions Digitalis, Diuretics

Digitalis

increase tendency for arrhythmia (when sympathomimetics amines are used) Digitalis, Diuretics

Digitalis

K depletion → weakness and cardiac arrhythmia →supplemental vitamin K given Digitalis, Diuretics

Diuretics

symptoms: o breathlessness o exercise intolerance o focus difficulty o rapid heartbeat o weakness o cough/hacking o disorientation o swelling edema (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

(iv) congestive heart failure

⭐️ omit use of epinephrine to avoid interaction with digitalis (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

(iv) congestive heart failure

⭐️almost horizontal/supine position not possible for these patients (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

(iv) congestive heart failure

caused by: o anxiety o caffeine o cigarettes o sympathomimetic amines (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident (viii) heart block

ARRHYTHMIAS

treatment: o digitalis o quinidine o procainamide (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident (viii) heart block

arrhythmias

valsalva maneuver (pressure on eyeballs or carotid sinus) (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident (viii) heart block

arrhythmias

⭐️ dental implications: o minimize use of equipment that emits strong electromagnetic (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident (viii) heart block

heart block

⭐️ - electrocautery unit - induction casting machine - electric pulp tester -electric motor-driven handpieces (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident (viii) heart block

(viii) heart block

o sedation done but can potentiate sedative effects of antihypertensives o diuretics = dry mouth (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident (viii) heart block

hypertension

___ hypotension effect of antihypertensives

orthostatic

⭐️Blood Pressure Category Stage II

Systolic : 140 or higher Diastolic: 90 or higher

Blood Pressure Category Stage II

Systolic : 140 or higher Diastolic: 90 or higher

dental implications: o dental care require special planning -hemiparesis (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

(vii) cerebrovascular accident

RPD may be difficult to insert and remove (i) arteriosclerotic or ischemic disease (ii) myocardial infarction (iii) angina pectoris (iv) congestive heart failure (v) arrhythmias and heart block (vi) hypertension (vii) cerebrovascular accident

(vii) cerebrovascular accident

dental implications: o nitrous oxide as sedative contraindicated o respiratory-depressant drugs contraindicated A. EMPHYSEMA B. HIATAL HERNIA C. PEPTIC ULCER D. MALABSORPTION E. REGIONAL ENTERITIS/CROHN'S DISEASE

EMPHYSEMA

orally or parenterally administered sedatives selected and used with care to avoid respiratory depression A. EMPHYSEMA B. HIATAL HERNIA C. PEPTIC ULCER D. MALABSORPTION E. REGIONAL ENTERITIS/CROHN'S DISEASE

strong analgesics contraindicated A. EMPHYSEMA B. HIATAL HERNIA C. PEPTIC ULCER D. MALABSORPTION E. REGIONAL ENTERITIS/CROHN'S DISEASE

dental implication: o erosion of lingual aspects of maxillary teeth and other enamel surfaces A. EMPHYSEMA B. HIATAL HERNIA C. PEPTIC ULCER D. MALABSORPTION E. REGIONAL ENTERITIS/CROHN'S DISEASE

⭐️ dental implications: o prolonged coagulation caused by malabsorption of vitamin K A. EMPHYSEMA B. HIATAL HERNIA C. PEPTIC ULCER D. MALABSORPTION E. REGIONAL ENTERITIS/CROHN'S DISEASE

tincture of opium -complicates use of other narcotics for pain control A. EMPHYSEMA B. HIATAL HERNIA C. PEPTIC ULCER D. MALABSORPTION E. REGIONAL ENTERITIS/CROHN'S DISEASE

dental implications: o non-specific stomatitis o candida infection o recurrent aphthae A. EMPHYSEMA B. HIATAL HERNIA C. PEPTIC ULCER D. MALABSORPTION E. REGIONAL ENTERITIS/CROHN'S DISEASE

⭐️clinical manifestations: o rapid pulse o nervousness (i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

hyperthyroidism

⭐️o fine tremor of hands o lid lag o exophthalmos (may or may not be present in thyrotoxicosis) ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

hyperthyroidism

⭐️clinical manifestations: o rapid pulse o nervousness ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

hyperthyroidism

⭐️ can cause thyroid storm ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

( i) hyperthyroidism

⭐️ postpone dental treatment until initial control achieved ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

hyperthyroidism

⭐️ rapid control of oral infection essential ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

hyperthyroidism

⭐️ source of dextrose on hand -prevents insulin shock ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

diabetes mellitus

⭐️ oral infection treated vigorously ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

(ii) diabetes mellitus

⭐️ oral lichen planus ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

diabetes mellitus

⭐️o oral infection o delayed wound healing o dental caries ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

diabetes mellitus

⭐️ o gingivitis/periodontitis o halitosis o salivary dysfunction o taste abnormalities ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency and steroid therapy

diabetes mellitus

ADDISON’S DISEASE ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency (iv) steroid therapy

adrenal insufficiency

⭐️stressful dental procedures require supplementary doses of adrenocorticosteroids ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency (iv) steroid therapy

adrenal insufficiency

⭐️clinical manifestations: o hyperpigmentation of the gums, mucous membranes, dark hair, freckles ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency (iv) steroid therapy

adrenal insufficiency

⭐️ vitiligo ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency (iv) steroid therapy

adrenal insufficiency

⭐️ o hyperpigmentation of the areas subjected to friction, nipples o hyperpigmentation of skin furrows ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency (iv) steroid therapy

adrenal insufficiency

⭐️ low blood pressure and low sodium (high potassium) ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency (iv) steroid therapy

adrenal insufficiency

⭐️prolonged use of excessive corticosteroids ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency (iv) steroid therapy

steroid therapy

⭐️ delayed wound healing tendency for candidiasis ( i) hyperthyroidism (ii) diabetes mellitus (iii) adrenal insufficiency (iv) steroid therapy

steroid therapy

high incidence among oral surgeons A. HEPATITIS (VIRAL HEP. B/SERUM HEP.) B. HEPATITIS (HEP. A/INFECTIOUS HEP.) C. ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS

o hemodialysis patients and workers o multiple transfusion patients o blood bank workers o male homosexuals o drug abusers o institutionalized patients o immigrants from Africa and SEA A. HEPATITIS (VIRAL HEP. B/SERUM HEP.) B. HEPATITIS (HEP. A/INFECTIOUS HEP.) C. ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS

tattoos, piercings, barbers, scarification, circumcision practices A. HEPATITIS (VIRAL HEP. B/SERUM HEP.) B. HEPATITIS (HEP. A/INFECTIOUS HEP.) C. ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS

presence of Australia surface antigen in blood A. HEPATITIS (VIRAL HEP. B/SERUM HEP.) B. HEPATITIS (HEP. A/INFECTIOUS HEP.) C. ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS

persists for as long as 25 years after an acute episode A. HEPATITIS (VIRAL HEP. B/SERUM HEP.) B. HEPATITIS (HEP. A/INFECTIOUS HEP.) C. ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS

→ less of a hazard to dentists unless exposure occurs in the preicteric or icteric phases of the disease →virus disappears from blood shortly after jaundice clears A. HEPATITIS (VIRAL HEP. B/SERUM HEP.) B. HEPATITIS (HEP. A/INFECTIOUS HEP.) C. ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS

⭐️dental implications: o manifests as generalized erythema of oral mucosa A. HEPATITIS (VIRAL HEP. B/SERUM HEP.) B. HEPATITIS (HEP. A/INFECTIOUS HEP.) C. ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS

⭐️ oral cancer more often seen in chronic alcoholics A. HEPATITIS (VIRAL HEP. B/SERUM HEP.) B. HEPATITIS (HEP. A/INFECTIOUS HEP.) C. ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS

MEDICAL HISTORY Flashcards

(97 cards)