Medical Microbiology

Question 1

What is the main difference between gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria?

Answer 1

Cell wall is thicker in gram +ve bacteria

Question 2

What are the different bacterial shapes?

Answer 2

Cocci - sphere
Bacilli - rod
Coccobacillus - oval
Vibrio - comma
Spirilla - curved rod
Spirochetes - corkscrew

Question 3

What are the different bacterial arrangemetns?

Answer 3

Staphylo - grapes

Strepto - links

Question 4

What does Staphylococcus aureus cause?

Answer 4

Wound infections, Food poisoning

Question 5

What does Streptococcus pyogenes cause?

Answer 5

Nasopharyngeal infections, wound infections

Question 6

What does Clostridium perfrigens cause?

Answer 6

Wound infections, food poisoning

Question 7

What does Clostridium difficile cause?

Answer 7

Wound infections, food poisoning

Question 8

What does Bacillus anthracis cause?

Answer 8

Anthrax

Question 9

What does Nieserria meningitides cause?

Answer 9

Meningitis

Question 10

What does Nieserrie gonorrhoeae cause?

Answer 10

Gonorrhoea, conjunctivitis

Question 11

What does Escherichia coli cause?

Answer 11

Food poisoning, diarrhoeal or haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, wound infections

Question 12

What does salmonella cause?

Answer 12

Food poisoning, enteric fever, gastroenteritis, bacteraemia

Question 13

What does Shigella cause?

Answer 13

Dysentery

Question 14

What does Haemophillus influenzae cause?

Answer 14

Meningitis, Respiratory tract infections

Question 15

What does Yersinis pestis cause?

Answer 15

Respiratory tract infections, bubonic plague

Question 16

What does Vibrio cholerae cause?

Answer 16

Cholera

Question 17

What does Vibrio parahaemolyticus cause?

Answer 17

Food poisoning, wound infection

Question 18

What does Chlamydia trachomatis cause?

Answer 18

Chlamydia

Question 19

What does Mycoplasma cause?

Answer 19

Respiratory tract infections

Question 20

What does Mycobacterium cause?

Answer 20

Tuberculosis, leprosy

Question 21

What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

Answer 21

Pneumonia

Question 22

What does Helicobacter pylori cause?

Answer 22

Abdominal pain, nausea

Question 23

What does Treponema cause?

Answer 23

Syphilus

Question 24

What does Propionibacterium cause?

Answer 24

Acne

Question 25

What does methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus cause?

Answer 25

Wound infections, Food poisoning

Question 26

What does Trypanosoma cause?

Answer 26

Fever

Question 27

What does Staph saprophyticus cause?

Answer 27

UTI

Question 28

What does Staph epidermidis cause?

Answer 28

Red bumps on skin

Question 29

What does Beta haemolytic Strep Group A cause?

Answer 29

Tonsilitis

Question 30

What does Beta haemolytic Strep Group B cause?

Answer 30

Issues with breathing in babies

Question 31

What does Viridans group Streptococci cause?

Answer 31

Fatigue, fever

Question 32

What does Clostridium tetani cause?

Answer 32

Tetanus

Question 33

What are obligate aerobes/anaerobes?

Answer 33

Bacteria which require either O2 or no O2 to respire

Question 34

What are facultative anaerobes?

Answer 34

Grow with or without O2

Question 35

What are microaerophilic bacterium?

Answer 35

grow with CO2 in reduced O2

Question 36

What are the 4 serotypes?

Answer 36

Liposaccharides - O antigens Flagella - H antigens Capsule - K antigens Fimbriae - F antigens

Question 37

Human bacteria are optimal aat ~37C what are they called?

Answer 37

Mesophiles

Question 38

What are the 5 virulent factors?

Answer 38

``` Colonisation Invasion Host damage Resistance to host defence Latency ```

Question 39

How do bacteria colonise their hosts?

Answer 39

Adhesion - Surface charges, hydrophobicity, fimbriae, surface adhesion molecules

Question 40

How do bacteria invade their hosts?

Answer 40

Alteration of the cytoskeleton

Question 41

How do bacteria damage their host?

Answer 41

Endotoxins, Exotoxins

Question 42

How do bacteria evade the host defence?

Answer 42

Capsules, Decoy proteins, encapulation in clot, cell death of macrophages, change of structure to avoid detection, change surface proteins to avoid antibodies

Question 43

What is latency?

Answer 43

When the bacteria lies dormant in the host and becomes activated at a later stage. Usually when the host is immunosuppressed

Question 44

What does microscopy culture and sensitivity (MC&S) do?

Answer 44

Grows colonies of a patient sample so as to identify the bacteria by outting those colonies under different conditions to see if they survive

Question 45

What are the different haemolyses?

Answer 45

beta - complete degradation of RBCs alpha - incomplete dgradation of RBCs gamma - no degradation of RBCs