Medical Moments Test 3

Question 1

Valley Fever, or San Joaquin Fever (Coccidiodomycosis CA?)

Answer 1

CA: Coccidiodes Imitis

Question 2

Coccidiodomycosis Epidemiology

Answer 2

Epidemiology: 1)Mainly found in southern Americans; states such as Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, and California. Also located in South America Argentina and Bolivia.
2) Typically highest amount ages 60 and older.

Question 3

Coccidiodomycosis Symptoms?

Answer 3

1) Incubation of 1-3 weeks
2) Resembles Tuberculosis must isolate microorganism to differentiate
3) Coughing, chest pain, fever, weight loss, painful nodules and joint pain. (Flu-like symptoms)

Question 4

Coccidiodomycosis Pathogenesis

Answer 4

1) Parthenogenesis: Inhaled Spores develop into thick walled spheres that mature and rupture, spilling numerous spore, constantly,
2) Inflammatory and 3)immune response actived

Question 5

Coccidiodomycosis Treatment:

Answer 5

1) Most clear up on their own weeks to moths later

2) Severely ill patients are recommended to take intravenous amphotericin B

Question 6

Subcutaneous mycosis CA:

AKA Rose Gardener Disease

Answer 6

Sporothrix schenkii (dimophic fungi:) Can be both mold and yeast

Question 7

Subcutaneous mycosis Epidemiology

Answer 7

1) Worldwide in warmer temp climates
2) In US Mississippi and Missouri River Valleys
3) People who handle thorny plants, bales of hay, or moss

Question 8

Subcutaneous mycosis Symptoms

Answer 8

1. Chronic ulcers form at the site of puncture from a vegetation wound
2. Patient does not feel ill

Question 9

Subcutaneous mycosis Pathogenesis

Answer 9

1) Fungal spores are introduced in the would
2) Small pimples develop at wound site but they slowly enlarge into ulcers.
3) In unhealthy patients the infection can spread to other parts of the body including bones, joints, and CNS,

Question 10

Subcutaneous mycosis Prevention&Treatment:

Answer 10

Prevention: 1)Protective Clothing, 2) No Vaccine

Treatment:1) Oral intraconazole for 3 to 6 months to treat bone and joint infection.
2) A lipid formulation of amphotericin B, for very severe cases of the infection.

Question 11

Pneumocystis pneumonia CA

Opportunistic Infection

Answer 11

Causative Agent: Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 12

Pneumocystis pneumonia Epidemiology

Answer 12

1) In the US Pneumocystis pneumonia is estimated to be 9% among hospitalized HIV?AIDS patients and 1% among solid organ transplant.
2) occurs in immunosuppressed individuals.
3) If no treatment the patient will surely die

Question 13

Pneumocystis pneumonia Pathogenesis

Answer 13

1) Inhaled Spores escpare body defenses
2) attach to alveolar wallls
3) Microorganism multiplies in Alveoli sacs and do to that it impairs oxygen exchange.

Question 14

Malaria Causative Agent

Answer 14

Causative Agent: Plasmodium falciparum

Question 15

Malaria Epidemiology

Answer 15

1) one of the world greatest health concerns, 40% of the world population is at risk.
2) Infection can mainly be found in South America, the Caribbeans,Africa and India. so in third world countries
3) Can be transfer by mosquito

Question 16

Malaria Pathogenesis

Answer 16

1) Pathogen is carried by Mosquito and bites non-infected person
2) pathogen travels to the liver for reproduction and one week later it invades RBC

Question 17

Malaria Symptoms

Answer 17

1) Fever, flu-like symptoms (Shacking chills, headache, muscle ache, tiredness)
2) Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (Anemia and jaundice can develop due to loss of RBC
3) High Fever

Question 18

Malaria Treatment and Prevention

Answer 18

Treatment :Chloroquinone in combo with other drugs.
How to treat a patient with malaria depends on:

1) Species of the infecting parasite
2) Drug-resistance status of mo
3) Clinical status of the patient
4) Any accompanying illness or condition (Pregnancy)

Question 19

Protozoan Flagellates Causative Agent

Answer 19

Giardia Iamblia is the Causative Agent

Question 20

Protozoan Flagellates Epidemiology

Answer 20

1) Fecal/Oral transmission
2) ingestion of cyst
3) More prevalent in kids
4) daycare centers where diapers are changed
5) found mainly in northern states

Question 21

Protozoan Flagellates Pathogenesis

Answer 21

1) After ingestion, their is a week incubation period, cyst merge as trophozites
2) Attach to bowel wall
3) feed on the mucus and produces more cyst
4) Inflammation of the bowel

Question 22

Flagellates Pathogenesis Symptoms

Answer 22

1) 40% show lactose intolerance during disease
2) Dehydration and weight loss
3) Vitamin deficiencies due to lack of absorption
4) Rash and arthritis before the diarrhea

Question 23

Flagellates Pathogenesis Treatment and Prevention

Answer 23

Treatment: 1)Flagyl (metronidazole), 2)Tinidazole and nitazoxanide

Prevention: 1) Heat water into boil

2) Use a filter
3) Try chemically cleaning the water/