Medical positions Flashcards
(248 cards)
1
Q
levator
A
A muscle whose contraction rasies the part of the body to which it is attached
2
Q
plantar flexion
A
foot movement when toes flex down
3
Q
Distal
A
farther from the trunk or site of attachment
4
Q
Dorsal
A
situated towards the back of the body, also the back of the the hand and top of the foot
5
Q
External
A
situated outside, exterior (refers to wall of cavity or hollow form)
6
Q
Frontal (coronal)
A
Frontal/Coronal plane = the “bread slice” cut.
It slices your body vertically, dividing you into:
Front half = anterior (face, chest, abs)
Back half = posterior (spine, butt, back of your head)
7
Q
Artery
A
A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.
8
Q
Articulation
A
Connection between bones.
9
Q
Axilla
A
Armpit.
10
Q
Conjunctiva
A
White area of the eyes.
11
Q
Cornea
A
The transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil; lets light into the eye.
12
Q
Gingiva
A
Gums
13
Q
Joint
A
Articulation or junction between two or more bones or cartilage
14
Q
Dorsiflexion
A
Backwards flexion or bending (hand/food)
15
Q
Flexion
A
Bending or angulation of a body part
16
Q
Bilateral
A
paired structures having right and left members
17
Q
Contralateral
A
occurring on the opposite side of the body
18
Q
deep
A
Further from the surface
19
Q
Posterior
A
Nearer to the back
20
Q
Prone
A
Body lying face down (chest down back up)
21
Q
Ambulation
A
to walk (with cane/walker)
22
Q
cardiomegaly
A
Abnormal enlargement of the heart
23
Q
orthopenea
A
shortness of breath while lying down flat
24
Q
paresthesia
A
Abnormal tactile sensation often described as creeping burning, tingling, or numbness
25
transient
passing quickly into and out of existence (temporary condition)
26
nystagmus
involuntary rapid eye movements - often reported as horizontal, vertical, or rotary
27
nuchal rigidity
neck stiffness with neck movement
28
cullens signs
bruising in the skin around the umbilicus
29
Guaiac (Hemoccult) positive/negative
blood present/absent in stool
30
Bursa
small fluid filled sack surrounding a joint
31
cyanois
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; a sign that body tissues are not receiving enough oxygen, aka bruise
32
petechiae
A small round dark red spot caused by bleeding into the skin or beneath the mucous membrane
33
wheal and flare
a reaction (rash or hives) irregular, blanch raised areas with redness
34
Coronary artery disease
A condition caused by atherosclerosis
35
Hypercholeserolemia
high cholesterol levels
36
Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)
a sudden blockage of a coronary artery without EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation
37
gastritis
inflammation of lining of stomach
38
Ligament
Fibrous tissue that binds bones together.
39
Nares
Nostrils.
40
Os
Mouth; orifice.
41
Shaft
Long, slender portion of bone
42
Sclera
The dense fibrous opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea.
43
Tympanic Membrane
Eardrum.
44
Vein
Vessel carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart (excluding pulmonary veins).
45
lacramial
to do with ears
46
lingual
belong to tongue
47
inguinal
groin area
48
Sciatic
hip
49
abduction
movement of body part away from midline
50
adduction
movement of body part towards the midline
51
Depressor
A muscle whose contraction pulls down the part of the body to which it is attached
52
Extension
the straightening of a body part
53
evert
To turn outward
54
invert
to turn inward
55
Anatomical Position
The erect of the body with arms at the side and palms of the hands facing forward
56
Anterior
nearer to the front
57
Inferior
nearer to the feet
58
Internal
inside
59
Ipsilateral
Occurring on the same side of the body
60
Lateral
farther from the median plane
61
Medial
nearer to the median plane
62
Midline
Divides the body into a right and left side
63
Palmar
Palm surface of hand
64
Pronator
Medial rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces posteriorly
65
Proximal
Nearer to the trunk or site of attachment
66
supine
Body lying face up (chest up back down)
67
superior
Nearer to the head
68
Transverse
Horizontal planes that pass through the body at right angels to long axis; divides the body into upper (superior and lower (inferior) parts
69
Volar
relating to the palm of the hand or sole of the foot
70
Afebrile
without fever
71
Arthralgia
Pain to a joint
72
Atelectasis
A partial or total collapse of the lungs
73
Avulsion
the action of tearing away ( as in a skin Avulsion)
74
cephalgia
A headache
75
cerumen
earwax
76
Dentition
the teeth in situ or in the dental arch
77
diaphoresis
excessive sweating
78
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
79
dyspareunia
painful intercourse
80
dyspepsia
indigestion
81
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
82
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
83
dysuria
painful urination
84
Edentulous
without teeth
85
emaciate
to become extremely thin or lean; wasting
86
Emesis
vomiting
87
epistaxis
bleeding from the nose
88
Febrile
with fever
89
Gait
manner of walking
90
Gravid
pregnant
91
hematesmesis
vomiting of blood
92
*Hematochezia
Bright red bloody stools
93
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
94
*Hemoptysis
Coughing up blood
95
*Incontinence
Inability to control bowel movements or urine
96
Lethargy
Fatigue/exhaustion
97
Malaise
Generalized feeling of discomfort or weakness
98
Melena
Black, tarry-like stool
99
Myalgia
Muscular pain
100
Neuralgia
sharp pain along the course of a nerve or several nerves
101
Odynophangia
painful swallowing
102
palpable
able to be touched or felt
103
palpitations
a noticeably rapid strong or irregular heartbeat
104
Photophobia
extreme sensitivity to light
105
polydispia
excessive thirst
106
polyuria
excessive urination
107
pruritis
ichiness
108
purulent
consisting of pus
109
rhinorrhea
thin watery discharge from the nose
110
Sputum
any mixed matter with saliva that is expectorated through the mouth
111
stellate
star shaped; radiating from a center
112
stenosis
narrowing of body opening passage
113
syncope
passing out or fainting (near syncope is almost fainting)
114
tinnitus
ringing in the ears
115
waxing and waning
constant symptom that increased and decreases in severity (such as pain)
116
aneurysm
an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall
117
arrhythmia
An abnormal heart rhythm (AKA cardiac dysrhythmia)
118
atelectasis
partial or total collapse of the lungs
119
Benign
A tumor that is not dangerous and does not spread
120
Bruit
an abnormal murmur or sound heard through a stethoscope
121
edema
swelling of body tissues due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in connective tissue or a serous cavity
122
embolism
obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot of blood or foreign substance
123
Hematoma
swelling of blood in the pleural cavity
124
hypotension
persistently low arterial blood pressure
125
hemothorax
accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity
126
Hypotension
persistently low arterial blood pressure
127
infarct
Tissue death resulting from failure of blood supply
128
ischemia
an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body
129
lymphadenopathy
enlargement of lymph nodes
130
malignant
a tumor that can invade/ destroy local tissues and spread to other parts of the body
131
malleolus
projections on either side of the ankle joint from the lower leg bones
132
Myocardial Infraction
heart attack
133
Olecranon
large bony projection of the ulna forming the elbow joint
134
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleural lining of lung which causes pain when taking a deep breath
135
Torsion
the twisting of a bodily organ on its own axis (e.g. ovary, testicle)
136
antiemetic
medication used to relieve nausea and vomiting
137
Antipyretics (Medications)
medication used to reduce fever
138
Downcodes
a reduction of reimbursement for medical services when documentation is missing in a medial chart
139
Debridement
removal of foreign matter or dead tissue from a wound
140
debridement
Removal of foreign matter or dead tissue from a wound
141
Missed Ancillary
When a test or procedure is preformed on a patient, but it is not documented in the medical chart to allow for generation of a bill
142
para
Woman who has given birth to one or more viable offspring; the number of viable offspring born by a woman
143
Cachectic/Emaciated
physically wasting (extremely thin
144
Morbidly obese
large body mass
145
nontoxic appearing
well appearing patient in minimal distress
145
Atraumatic
no signs of trauma present
145
Eyelid eversion
flipping the eyelid for exam underneath the eyelid
145
extraocular movements
appropriate function of the extraocular muscles, tested with "follow my finger"
145
exophthalmos
bulging of eyes out of socket
145
fundi sharp
non swollen optic nerve on exam of fundus (back of eye)
145
icterus
Yellowing of sclera due to bilirubin build-up (often seen with jaundice)
146
normal palpebral conjunctivia
eyelid membrane is clear
147
normocephalic
normal appearance and size of the head
148
papilledema
swelling of the optic disk due to an increase in intracranial pressure
149
Pupils equal, round and reactive
to light (PERRL)
Normal evaluation of the size, shape of the pupils and their reaction to light
150
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Bright red patches in conjunctiva of eyes due to ruptured blood vessels
151
visual acuity
acuteness/ sharpness of vision as measured by the eye chart
152
Bulging TM
Protruding outward curvature of the TM
153
cerumen impaction
excessive earwax
154
Clear Rhinorrhea
clear nasal drainage
155
dental caries
cavity
156
Dry mucous membranes
dry mouth
157
erythema of the external canal
redness of outer ear canal
158
Erthematous TM
Red color outer ear canal
159
Hemotympanum
blood on the TM
160
Malocculusion
misalignement of the teeth when mouth closed
161
Mastoid Tenderness
tenderness over mastoid bone (located posterior to ear)
162
No signs of oral trauma
no cuts/chipped teeth/etc.
163
Normal Jaw Approximation
normal jaw alignment
164
parotid mass
enlargement of the parotid gland
165
Pericoronitis
infection of the gums
166
poor dentition
bad teeth
167
poor light reflect
cone of light does not reflect on TM
168
Retracted TM
Inward curve of the TM
169
septal deviation
displacement of nasal septum
170
septal hematoma
bruising or bleeding in the nasal septum
171
Tongue Laceration
cut on the tongue
172
trismus
inability to open mouth normally due to spasm of the jaw muscles
173
unable to visualize landmarks
provider cannot see landmarks behind TM
174
Anterior cervical Lymphadenopathy
swollen lymph nodes under jaw and along anterior neck area
175
Cartoid bruit
abnormal flow of blood through the carotid artery
176
cervical vertebral tenderness
pain along cervical spine
177
jugular vein distension
swelling of the jugular vein (usually seen in heart failure patients)
178
Meningismus
patient has neck stiffness, photophobia, and headache which may suggest meningitis
179
No step offs of crepitus
no misalignment of the vertebral bodies (spinous processes) as the spine is palpated
180
peritonsilar abscess
deep abscess adjacent to infected tonsils (collection of pus/swelling which is usually only visible if drained)
181
Pharyngeal Erythema
redness of the throat
182
Pharyngeal Exudate
Pus seen on the posterior throat
183
Trachea Midline
No deviation of trachea from its usual location
184
Uvula Midline
No deviation of the uvula to one side or another
185
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate; less than 60 beats per minute
186
Diastolic Murmur
Heart murmur heard during diastole (rest/active filling)
187
Distant Heart Sounds
Faint-sounding heart beat
188
Gallops
Extra/abnormal heart sounds (should only hear 2 distinct sounds, but you hear 3 or 4
sounds)
189
Murmur
An abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart
190
Rubs
Coarse sounds produced when the heart "rubs" on inflamed pericardium (heart tissue)
during contractions
191
Systolic Murmur
Heart murmur heard during systole (active pumping)
192
tachycardia
fast heart rate; greater than 100 beats per minute
193
contravertebral angle tenderness (CVAT)
Angle in back where kidneys are (HCP taps) left, right and bilateral-if pain then possible kidney pathology
194
midline tenderness
tenderness directly over spine
195
no step offs
no misalignment of thoracic/lumbar spine
196
paraspinal muscle tenderness
tenderness in muscles adjacent to spine
197
saddle anesthesia
loss of sensation around buttocks area
198
straight leg raise
if pain, indicative of herniated disk
199
apnea
temporary absence or cessation of breathing
200
accessory muscle use
using extra muscles to breath (you can usually see an emphasis on use of diaphragm and intercostal muscles)
201
Bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing
202
Prolonged Inspiratory Expiratory Phase
increased time between inspiratory and expiratory phases
203
intercostal retractions
use of intercostal muscles with breathing (indicates severe respiratory distress/work of breathing) sunken intercostal muscles (can see ribs)
204
Rales
wet, crackling sound with respirations (aka crackles)
205
Rhonchi
A whistling or snoring sound heard on ausculation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed; plural or rhonchus
206
stridor
harsh or high pitched respiratory sound, caused by an obstruction of the air passages
207
Tachypnea
abnormally rapid breathing
208
wheezes
difficult breathing with a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageways
209
Ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
210
210
Distension
boating
211
gravid
pregnant
212
grey turners sign
bruising in flank area (lower back area)
213
Heel Tap Test
tap the heal to see if it causes pain, also done by having the patient jump up to see if pain is felt in the abdomen - may indicate appendicitis
214
hepatomegaly
enlarged liver
215
McBurney's point tenderness
tenderness to palpation in the mid-point of the right lower quadrant (RLQ) which can indicate appendicitis
216
Organomegaly
enlarged organ
217
psoas sign
pain produced with bending of the patient's knees to chest that may indicate appendicitis
218
Rovsing's sign
palpation of the left lower quadrant causes right lower quadrant pain that may indicate appendicitis
219
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
220
tympanitic
sound generated by examiner tapping his/her finger in contact with a distended abdomen due to extra gas/ air in the large or small bowel
221
umbilical hernia
outward protrusion of intra-abdominal tissue and/or bowel through belly button
222
Adnexal tenderness
tenderness in location of the ovaries and fallopian tubes
223
Cervical Motion Tenderness (CMT)
pain with movement of cervix
224
cremastueric reflex
upward pull of testicles and scrotum due to touch
225
inguinal hernia
position in the groin
226
melena
dark, tarry like stool containing blood
227
Os Open/Closed
cervical os (opening to cervix) open or closed
228
Paraphimosis
inability to pull back foreskin back over glans penis to its normal position
229
POC
product of conception (fetus, placenta, etc.)
230
rectal tone
tone of rectal muscles during digital exam
231
vaginal vault
vaginal canal
232
AKA/BKA
Above/ below knee amputation (indicate R or L)
233
clubbing
deformity of finger/fingernail due to chronic cyanosis
234
Homan's sign
pain in calf or popliteal region
235
Lachman's Test
pivot shift test causes pain
236
Ligamentous laxity
loose ligaments
237
McMurrarys Test
rotation of knee causes pain
238
median/ulnar/ radial sensory function
all these nerves run in forearm...tested in the hand exam
239
Pain out of proportion
excessive pain not matching the expected with pressure applied by the doctor
240
pitting edema
examiner notes that there is a persistent indentation after palpation of an area of skin when pressed on by the provider due to excess edema
241
