medical research - medical term 2

Question 1

what is laboratory research?
give an example

Answer 1

studies the biological process at the cellular or molecular level
often conducted in a lab
example: developing vaccines or medication

Question 2

what is clinical research?
give an example

Answer 2

involves studying treatments or interventions on humans
conducted through clinical trials or observed studies
example: testing new drugs or medical devises

Question 3

what is epidemiological research?
give an example

Answer 3

studies patterns, causes and effects of health and disease in populations.
often uses data collected and statistical analysis
example: investigating the spread of infectious diseases.

Question 4

what is a clinical trial?

Answer 4

research studies testing new medical treatments

Question 5

clinical trail:
what happens in phase 1?

Answer 5

test safety on a small group of healthy volunteers

Question 6

clinical trials:
what happens in phase 2?

Answer 6

explores effectiveness and the side effects

Question 7

clinical trials:
what happens in phase 3?

Answer 7

compares new treatment to current standards on a larger scale

Question 8

clinical trials:
what happens in phase 4?

Answer 8

monitors long term side effects after approval

Question 9

what is the placebo effect?

Answer 9

the placebo effect is when a persons belief in a treatment leads to perceived improvements when there aren’t actually any results from the real medicine.

Question 10

what is a placebo trial?

Answer 10

a placebo trial is a clinical trial that compares a new treatment to a dummy treatment to determine its effectiveness

Question 11

what are bones for?

Answer 11

support, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production and fat storage

Question 12

what are the types of bones

Answer 12

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones and sesamoid bones

Question 13

what do long bones do?

Answer 13

support weight and enable movement: found in arms and legs

Question 14

short bones?

Answer 14

provide stability and some movement: found in wrist and ankles

Question 15

flat bones?

Answer 15

protect internal organs and provide surface area for muscle attachment: found in the skull, thoracic cage and pelvis

Question 16

irregular bones?

Answer 16

have complete shapes for specific functions such as protecting nervous tissue

Question 17

sesamoid bones?

Answer 17

small round bones embedded in tendons, they protect tendons and increase their mechanical advantages

Question 18

tendons join ** to **

Answer 18

tendons join muscles to bone

Question 19

** join bone to bone

Answer 19

ligaments

Question 20

what are bones made of

Answer 20

bones are made up of living tissue. the outer layer is compact bone and inside there is spongy bone. bone marrow lives in the middle of some bones. bones are part mineral and part protein

Question 21

what cells are bones made up of

Answer 21

osteoblast
osteocytes
osteoclast
bone marrow

Question 22

what diseases can bones get

Answer 22

• osteoporosis
• rickets
• arthritis
• bone cancer
• pagets disease

Question 23

what blood is carried by arteries

Answer 23

arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Question 24

what blood is carried by veins

Answer 24

deoxygenated blood is carried back to the heart and out to the lungs

Question 25

name all the main parts of the heart starting from the pulmonary artenes to the aorta

Answer 25

pulmonary artenes , atrium , valve, right ventricle , septum , left ventricle , arotic valve , mitral valve , atrium , pulmonary artery , aorta

Question 26

how do our nerve and muscle cells communicate

Answer 26

they communicate through electrical chemical signals

Question 27

where are these signals sent from

Answer 27

they are sent from a group of cells from the right atrium known as the sinoatrial node( SA node )

Question 28

What is the real name for EKG and what is it

Answer 28

Electrocardiogram The way to measure the electrical signals on different areas of the skin and plot graph them

Question 29

What is depolarisation

Answer 29

Depolarisation is the contraction of the heart muscles

Question 30

What is repolarisation

Answer 30

Repolarisation is the return of the muscle to its resting state

Question 31

What is blood pressure measured by

Answer 31

Two numbers

Question 32

What is the first number when measuring blood pressure

Answer 32

Systolbic blood pressure - measures pressure inside your arteries when your heart beats ( higher number )

Question 33

What is the second number on your blood pressure

Answer 33

Diastolic blood pressure measures inside your artery’s when your heart rest between beats

Question 34

What’s hypertension

Answer 34

High blood pressure - happens when the force exerted on the walls of the arteries is consistently high

Question 35

How is cancer spread

Answer 35

Normal cells are damaged and then damaged cells spread

Question 36

What is cancer caused by

Answer 36

Genetic mutations

Question 37

What are proto-oncogenes

Answer 37

Proto-oncogenes are involved in stimulating cell growth and division

Question 38

What is tumor suppressor gene

Answer 38

Tumor suppressor gene are important in slowing down cell division and repairing DNA and apoptosis

Question 39

what are mutations

Answer 39

mutations in these genes can stop proper regulation of cell growth and division

Question 40

whats mutagens

Answer 40

mutagens are changes in DNA from things like radiation, chemicals and some viruses

Question 41

what does MRI stand for

Answer 41

magnetic resonance imaging

Question 42

what is a benign tumor

Answer 42

non cancerous growth however it can still become cancer later down the track

Question 42

how does MRI work

Answer 42

uses powerful magnets, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed images for the bodies internal structure.

Question 43

what is a malignant tumor

Answer 43

cancerous group of cells that are growing in an uncontrolled way thats very spreadable