Medical Science Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
vaccination occurs due to the formation of what type of cells?
A
Memory cells
2
Q
True or false contaminated food is an example of direct transmission of disease?
A
False
3
Q
What is the most common Rickettsial disease in the United States?
A
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
4
Q
What is the most common blood-borne infection in the United States?
A
Hepatitis c
5
Q
What is the most causative organism for severe acute respiratory syndrome?
A
Coronavirus
6
Q
What childhood viral disease which can be passed to an unborn fetus cause congenital anomalies such as mental retardation blindness?
A
Rubella
7
Q
Define pandemic and give an example
A
And epidemic of infectious disease is spread through human populations across a large region for example the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic
8
Q
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
A
Basal cell carcinoma
9
Q
What type of cancer classifies tissue derive from epithelial cells?
A
Carcinoma
10
Q
What is the most fatal type of lung cancer?
A
Small cell cancer
11
Q
The presence of Reed Sternberg cells in the lymph node are indicative of what disease?
A
Hodgkin’s disease
12
Q
True or false the pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
A
True
13
Q
What disease is the most common etiology for dementia in the US?
A
Alzheimer’s
14
Q
Most of the digestion food and absorption of nutrients occurs in what part of the body
A
Small intestine
15
Q
Inflammatory bowel disease where affected segments of the bowel may be separated by normal bowel tissue is characteristic of what disease?
A
Crohns
16
Q
What is portal hypertension?
A
Pressure of the portal venous system caused by a block as the result of liver damage
17
Q
What type of joints does rheumatoid arthritis typically affect?
A
Knees and small joints of the hands and feet
18
Q
The type of cell produces a histamine type one hypersensitivity reaction?
A
Mast cells
19
Q
What is pernicious anemia?
A
A decrease in red blood cells when the body can’t absorb enough vitamin B-12.
20
Q
What type of cell produces antibodies?
A
Plasma cells
21
Q
Lithium carbonate is a drug commonly used to treat what mood disorder?
A
Bipolar
22
Q
Describe a synergistic effect of drugs
A
When the interaction of two drugs working together each simultaneously help the other to achieve the fact that neither could produce
23
Q
Diagnostic test best identifies a pulmonary embolism?
A
Pulmonary angiography
24
Q
Surgical procedure is for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer in both the removal of cancerous tumor skin breast tissue Ariola nipple and most of the axillary lymph node while leaving underline chest muscles intact what is the term for this procedure
A
Modified radical mastectomy
25
Describe a full mastectomy
Removal of all breast tissue and most of the time the nipple and Ariola
26
Hypokalemia is indicative of what condition?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
27
And elevated serum amylase would be characteristic of what?
Acute pancreatitis
28
With hematology test determines the relative number and percentage of each type of leukocytes?
WBC with differential
29
Which laboratory test evaluates the oxygen carrying capacity of blood?
Hemoglobin determination
30
Lung consolidation on a chest x-ray is indicative of what condition?
Pneumonia
31
What term describes the progress of the disease including initiating factors signs and symptoms physical manifestations residuals a sequela prognosis and finally the end result?
Pathogenesis
32
What is carcinogenesis?
The process of cancer development from exposure through cellular changes of hyperplasia to neoplasia
33
What type of joint such as the sutures of the Skull have no movement?
Synarthrosis
34
Which valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
The tricuspid
35
The QRS wave signifies the electronic stimulation of which part of the heart during EKG?
The ventricles
36
Name three parts of the upper respiratory tract
Nose mouth sinus pharynx larynx
37
What is peristalsis?
Muscular contractions that move food through the alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus
38
What is the largest solid organ of the body?
The liver
39
Which structure transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
The ureter
40
True or false women have considerably longer urethras than men
False is the same length regardless of gender
41
Which endocrine gland secretes melatonin?
Pineal
42
In which brain lobe is the processing of smell and hearing stimuli performed?
Frontal
43
Dilation of pupils would like conditions are low is example of what type of nervous system division?
Autonomic
44
Which nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?
Sympathetic
45
Which nervous system controls homeostasis (aka rest and digest function)
parasympathetic nervous system
46
define neuropathy
Damage to nerves
47
What part of the brain is closely tied to varying degrees of arousal and sleep disorders?
The hypothalamus
48
What disease affecting the central nervous system is a genetic disorder leads to atrophy of the caudate nucleus results in progressive abnormal movements and cognitive decline is fatal within 15 to 20 years?
Huntington's disease
49
Describe Parkinson's disease
It is a decrease in the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal ganglia
50
Need to symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Tremors and unsteady gait
51
Name the body's cellular defense mechanism
White blood cells
52
The majority of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are caused by what?
Viruses
53
Most soft tissue skin infections, urinary tract infection is, and pneumonias are what type of infection?
bacterial
54
What term is used for an infection that is contained?
Localized
55
What term is used for infection that has spread?
Disseminated
56
What is the name of a single cell organism with a cell membrane which lacks a nucleus?
Bacteria
57
Much smaller than bacteria about one 100 and hundred the size in some cases, this cannot replicate on its own but survive by inserting its DNA or RNA into the nucleus of an infected so and taking over the host cells function
Virus
58
Protozoa and amoebas are examples of what?
Parasites
59
Hydrochloric acid located in what part of the digestive system is very inhospitable to for an organisms and help prevent infection in many cases
The stomach
60
What disease is a problem with estimates of infection in one third of the population?
Tuberculosis
61
Is tuberculosis… Gram-negative gram-positive
Neither,regular bacterial grabs a message do not work. Another method known as as acid-fast must be used
62
Tuberculosis is described as in acid-fast bacilli he rod shaped how long does the culture on a special medium take for results
Six weeks
63
What is the primary mode of transmission of tuberculosis?
Inhalation of respiratory droplets
64
How long does an antibiotic therapy for tuberculosis?
months to a year
65
Describe anthrax
Gram-positive spore forming Rod bacteria
66
Bordetella a gene is a gram-negative bacteria causes what common childhood disease
Whooping cough
67
The sandpaper rash and a strawberry tongue fever and a sore throat or symptoms of what condition?
Scarlet fever a complication of strep throat
68
High fever stiff neck headache rash in their little findings the confusion delirium her seizures or symptoms of what common college-age disease?
Bacterial meningitis
69
What is the most common rickettsia disease in United States
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
70
How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted in by what?
Vectorborne illness, tick bite
71
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma
72
Also known as German measles the spiral illness can cause problems for pregnant women mainly the developing fetus
Rubella
73
The HIV virus attacks important in cells called what
T cells
74
What illness is present when the CD4 for cell count drops below 200?
AIDS a normal count is 500 to 1800
75
Malaria mostly found a set of United States is example of what type of disease?
Protozoal
76
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
Chronic pain condition effecting the Trigeminal nerve (face)
77
Where is peripheral blood formed?
The bone marrow
78
What are the three cellular components of peripheral blood?
Red blood cells/erythrocytes, white blood cells/leukocytes, platelets/thrombocytes.
79
What is a leukocyte
All white blood cells in the peripheral blood
80
What is the most common type of white blood cell in the peripheral blood?
polymorphonuclear cells also known as neutrophils
81
What is the most common type of blood cell?
Red blood cells
82
Name the type of cell that carries oxygen from the lungs to all body cells
Red blood cells also known as erythrocytes
83
Also known as platelets this type of cell is active and blood clotting
Thrombocytes
84
Which type of blood cell fights infection?
White blood cells
85
Need the three components of the CBC
Leukocytes platelets and erythrocytes
86
What is a septal defect? I51.1
With the septum of the heart has a hole in it
87
What are two types of septal defects?
Determined by location, atrial or ventricular
88
Name the three layers of the heart wall
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
89
Why is inflammation of the epicardium called pericarditis?
Because epicardium is considered part of the pericardial sac
90
Which part of the heart cycle occurs when the muscle contracts?
Systole
91
Which part of the heart cycle occurs when the muscle relaxes?
diastole
92
Define infarction
Cell death due to inadequate oxygen
93
To find and locate the sinoatrial node
Top of the right atrium, who receives blood from the right coronary artery he, is the pacemaker of the heart
94
What is leukocyte?
Generic term for all white blood cells in the peripheral blood
95
What is another name for red blood cells?
Erythrocyte
96
What does suffix -cystosis indicate?
Overproduction of a line of blood cells
97
What does suffix penia indicate?
Underproduction of a line of blood cells
98
What is adenocarcinoma?
a malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue.
99
What is adenocarcinoma?
a malignant tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue.
100
What is a carcinoma?
carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body
101
What is a carcinoma?
carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body
102
What type of anemia is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells (due to lack of internal structure protein/shoddy building materials)
Hemolytic anemia
102
Anemia cause by lack of b12
Pernicious anemia
103
On what anatomical location of the GI tract is iron absorbed?
Duodenum
104
What is thalassemia?
A blood disorder in which red blood cells like the normal ability to produce hemoglobin
105
What is tetralogy of fallot?
A defect characterized by for anatomical abnormalities within the heart which results in poorly oxygenated a blood being pumped to the body
106
The left side of the heart pumps blood where?
Through the body to the right side of the heart
107
The right side of the heart pumps blood where?
Through the pulmonary vessels a short distance to the lunches and then to the left side of the heart
108
What is the purpose of the cardiac septum
To keep in oxygenated blood in the left heart from mixing with unoxygenated blood of the right
109
What is a septal defect?
A hole in the septum
110
What is the septum of the heart?
muscular wall separating the left and right sides of the heart
111
Three layers of the heart
Endocardium,myocardium,epicardium
112
Endocardium
Later inside the hear
113
Epicardium
Outside layer also consider the inner layer of the pericardium of heart
114
Myocardium
Thick center - cardiac muscle
115
Endothelial lining of the heart which lets blood slide through the heart without clotting
Endocardium
116
Where do coronary arteries and veins run through to nourish the myocardium
Epicardium
117
A sac Firmly attached to the heart, with two fibrous layers surrounding the heart
The pericardium (around the heart)
118
Pericardial fluid lubricates parietal pericardial layers to let them slide smoothly w every heartbeat. What condition can arise when the fluids increase pushing against the heart?
Cardiac tamponade
119
The thin walled entrance hall of the heart
The atria
120
Describe ventricles
The major thick walled pumps
| Pump blood out through the arteries during systole
121
Systole
Heart cycle when muscle contracts pumping blood out
122
Diastole
Heart relaxes
123
When in atrial diastole, what are the ventricles doing?
In systole and vice versa
124
What is another term for the atrioventricular valve?
Tricuspid
125
Valve between left atrium and left ventricle
Mitral
126
Three semi lunar crescent shaped sections firmly attached to the aorta
Aortic valve
127
Thin heart wall well,Separates the two atria
Atrial septum
128
Open during diastole, Close during systole, has two leaflets, between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Mitral valve
129
Open during diastole, close during systole, three leaflets
Tricuspid valve
130
Large vein that carries on oxygenated blood returning to the heart from upper parts of the body
Superior vena cava
131
Large vein carries unoxygenated blood returning to the heart from lower parts of the body, joins the superior vena cava, empties into the right atrium
Inferior vena cava
132
The major thick walled pumps which send blood out through arteries during systole
The ventricles
