Medical Terminology Flashcards
(194 cards)
1
Q
anterior
A
towards the front of the body
2
Q
posterior
A
towards the back of the body
3
Q
distal
A
further from the point of attachment
4
Q
proximal
A
closer to the point of attachment
5
Q
superior
A
closer to the head
6
Q
inferior
A
closer to the feet
7
Q
lateral
A
further from the midline
8
Q
medial
A
towards the midline
9
Q
saggital
A
splits the body into left and right, not equal halves
10
Q
midsaggital
A
splits the body into left and right, EQUAL HALVES
11
Q
appendages
A
bony projections associated with limbs, i.e. FINGERS and legs
12
Q
deep
A
away from the surface of the body
13
Q
superficial
A
closer to the surface of the body
14
Q
epidermis
A
outermost layer of the skin; contains keratinocytes (makes skin waterproof) and melanocytes (produces melanin and protects from UV rays)
15
Q
dermis
A
middle layer of the skin; houses the hair follicle and other structures
16
Q
hypodermis
A
innermost layer of the skin; subcutaneous fat layer that protects blood vessels
17
Q
alopecia
A
baldness
18
Q
-itis
A
inflammation of
19
Q
tumor
A
abnormal growth of body cells
20
Q
malignant
A
an abnormal growth of body cells that has been diagnosed as cancerous
21
Q
benign
A
an abnormal growth of body cells that has been diagnosed as non-cancerous
22
Q
erythema
A
redness
23
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jaundice
A
yellowing of skin and/or eyes
24
Q
chemotherapy
A
the use of chemical drugs to treat cancer
25
radiation therapy
the use of radiation to treat cancer
26
humerus
the upper arm long bone, also known as the funny bone
26
radius
the bone on the forearm that is on the same side as the thumb
27
ulna
the other forearm bone that forms the elbow
28
carpals
the wrist bones; there are a total of 8
29
metacarpals
the hand bones
30
femur
the long, thigh bone
31
patella
a sesamoid, or small, rounded bone, which is also known as the kneecap
32
tibia
the bone on the medial side of the body, referred to as the shinbone
33
fibula
the bone on the lateral side of the body; it is thinner than the tibia
34
tarsals
the ankle bones
35
metatarsals
the foot bones
36
phalanges
the finger and toe bones
37
intercostal
between the ribs
38
sternum
the breastbone, which is also known as the manibrium, body, and xiphoid process
39
scapulae
the shoulder blades
40
joints
the connection point for bones, 3 types of joints are synovial, fibrous, and cartilaginous
41
osteo-
having to do with the bone
42
tendon
fibrous tissue that is a connection point for muscles and bones
43
sphincter
a group of muscles located at the openings of the body
44
sarco-
muscle or flesh
45
origin
point of attachment for less moveable bone
46
insertion
point of attachment for more moveable bone
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flexion
the act of bending a body part
48
extension
the act of straightening a body part
49
hyper-
increased
50
hypo-
decreased
51
dorsi-
back or behind
52
adduction
the act of moving a body part toward the midline or medially; THINK OF THE EXERCISE
53
abduction
the act of moving a body part away from the midline or laterally
54
pronation
when the palms of the hand are facing down
55
supination
when the palms of the hand are facing up
56
-ism
condition
57
-osis
disease
58
-lysis
decreasing or decomposing
59
endo-
within
60
GIve an example of something with the prefix: endo
endoscopy: procedure done to look inside body
endocardium: innermost layer of heart
61
epi-
above
62
GIve an example of something with the prefix: epi
epidermis: outermost layer of skin
epicardium: outermost layer of heart
63
myo-
muscle
64
GIve an example of something with the prefix: myo
myocarditis: inflammation of heart muscle
myocardium: muscle layer of heart
65
peri-
around
66
Give an example of something with the prefix: peri
pericardium: membrane that surrounds the heart
pericarditis: inflammation of heart membrane
67
cardio-
related to the heart
68
Give an example of something with the prefix: cardio
cardiopathy: heart disease
69
artery
thick blood vessel that carries blood AWAY from the heart
70
vein
thinner blood vessel that takes blood TO the heart
71
capillary
a blood vessel that connects arterioles and venules
72
vaso-
vessel
73
tachy-
rapid or fast; HR is above 100
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brady-
slow; HR is below 60
75
edema
swelling
76
diaphoresis
sweating
77
dilation:
to get bigger or widen
78
constriction:
to get smaller or narrow
79
erythro-
red
80
hemo-
blood
81
Give an example of something with the prefix: hemo
hemostasis: when bleeding in the body is stopped
hemoglobin: a protein that helps transport oxygen
82
leuko-
white
83
-cyte
cell
84
platelets
cell fragments that help with clotting
85
plasma
liquid portion of the blood
86
thrombus
abnormal blood clot
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embolus
a piece of blood clot that has broken off and is traveling through bloodstream; has potential to cause damage
88
antigen
foreign blood cells that activate antibodies and can be founnd on the surface of red blood cells; help with blood type determination
89
antibody
protector of cells and help fight infection
90
pallor
paleness
91
fatigue
tiredness
92
cyanosis
bluish appearance
93
hematoma
bruise or swelling underneath skin
94
anaphylaxis
a serious allergic reaction that can lead to difficulty breathing and a sudden drop in BP
95
interstitial fluid
fluid between tissues that turns into lymph when absorbed
96
lymph nodes
small sacs in the lymphatic system that filter waste and other particles that pass through
97
immuno-
related to the immune system
98
Give an example of something with the prefix: immuno-
Immunoglobulins: antibodies with different functions, ex. IgA, IgB
99
autoimmune disease
a disease where the body attacks itself; i.e. sickle cell, lupus, celiac disease
100
acute
short-term
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chronic
long-term
102
anti-
against or opposite
103
Give an example of something with the prefix: anti-
anticoagulants: medicine used to prevent clots
antipyretics: medicine used to alleviate fever
104
-ectomy
removal by surgery
105
thorax
the chest area
106
inspiration
when you breathe in
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expiration
when you breathe out
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dyspnea
difficulty breathing
109
biopsy
when a bodily substance or tissue is removed to be examined for a diagnosis; i.e. a skin biopsy
110
thoraco-
chest
111
-ostomy
surgical incision
112
-centesis
puncture
113
pneumo-
pertaining to the lungs
114
broncho-
pertaining to the trachea or airway
115
respiration
breathing
116
morbidity
the frequency of post-surgical complications and illnesses present
117
mortality
number of deaths
118
central nervous system
system consisting of the brain and spinal cord; controls body movement
119
peripheral nervous system
consists of the somatic (voluntary muscles), autonomic nervous systems (fight or flight, rest and digest), and peripheral nerves
120
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
clear fluid produced in the brain’s ventricles that protects the brain from injury, provides nutrients, and gets rid of waste
121
paresthesia
numbing or tingly sensation in hands or feet
122
paralysis
the inability or loss of movement in parts of the body
123
quadriplegia
the paralysis of the limbs, sometimes can occur from the neck downward
124
dyskinesia
the involuntary movements of the limbs; can look like muscle spasms
125
dementia
a neurological condition that causes major changes in one’s memory and judgement; often associated with Alzheimer’s Disease
126
anesthesia
the use of drugs to prevent one from feeling pain; usually used during surgical procedures
127
cerebro-
brain
128
urethra
tube structure that moves urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
129
ureter
10-12 inch long tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
130
micturition
when urine is pushed to the urethra
131
-uria
urine
132
polyuria
frequent urination
133
anuria
absence of urination
134
hematuria
blood in the urine
135
dysuria
painful urination
136
febrile
high body temperature
137
afebrile
low body temperature
138
antidiuretic
medication prescribed to decrease urine production
139
diuretic
medication prescribed to increase urine production
140
testes
male sex organ that produces testosterone
141
sperma-
semen
142
peristalsis
contraction of muscle to move substances throughout the body
143
hypertrophy
increase in size of bodily tissue or organ
144
atrophy
degeneration of a body part
145
ovaries
female reproductive organ that produces estrogen
146
ovulation
when an ovum is released from the fallopian tubes into the uterus
147
uterus
the hollow and muscular organ that houses the embryo and fetus during pregnancy
148
fallopian tube
a tube-like canal that catches the ovum when it is released from the ovary; the end of the fallopian tube is known as the infundibulum
149
menarche
first menstrual period
150
menopause
when periods end due to age
151
amenorrhea
absence of menstrual period
152
dysmenorrhea
severe menstrual cramps
153
hysterectomy
surgical removal of uterus
154
mastectomy
surgical removal of a breast
155
-otomy
incision
156
fetus
a name of the embryo that develops from the end of the 8th week of the embryonic period until the moment of birth
157
prenatal
before birth
158
postnatal
after birth
159
digestion
the process by which food is broken down in the body through the use of mechanical and chemical mechanisms
160
bolus
a mixture of chewed food and saliva
161
feces
excess waste, usually known as stool, that is excreted through rectum and the anus
162
cholesterol
a type of lipid that is found in products such as meat, cheese, butter and eggs; too much cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in arteries
163
gluco-
sugar
164
glyco-
sugar
165
lipids
one of the 4 major macromolecules; classified as fats and there are two types, triglycerides and cholesterol
166
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
167
polydipsia
excessive thirst
168
dehydration
occurs when there's inadequate water supply in the body
169
hernia
when a portion of the alimentary canal organs (such as the large intestine or the stomach) protrude into another area or cavity; usually occurs when a person is straining
170
constipation
difficulty pooping or passing stool
171
diarrhea
frequent and watery poop
172
emesis
vomiting
173
chole-
gall
174
gastro-
stomach
175
exo-
outside
176
hormone
a chemical messenger that directly activates a target tissue
177
hypertension
high BP
178
hypotension
low BP than normal
179
hyperglycemia
high blood sugar
180
goiter
enlarged thyroid due to low iodine intake
181
thyroidectomy
surgical removal of the thyroid
182
exophthalmos
enlarged eyes
183
conjunctiva
mucus lining that lines the eye and keeps it moist
184
cornea
the part of the eye where light enters; also covers the inside of the eye
185
iris
colored portion of the eye that controls how much light is entering the eye
186
pupil
black circle in the middle of the iris
187
retina
turns light into a chemical signal and communicates with the brain; also makes images clear
188
auricle
part of the outer ear that contains soundwaves
189
cerumen
ear wax; helps collect debris and bugs, also located in outer ear
190
nystagmus
rapid eye movement
191
tinnitus
ringing in ears
192
glaucoma
a collection of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve and can cause vision loss
193
