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Nursing Assistant Care: The Basics 6th ed. > Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Flashcards

From the Vocab list plus the word 'Battery"

1
Q

Absorption

A

The taking in, incorporation, or reception of gases, liquids, light, or heat

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2
Q

Abuse

A

Any action that intentionally harms or injures another person

There are several major types of abuse: physical, sexual, substance, elder, and psychological

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3
Q

AC

A

Abbreviation for ante cibum, meaning before meals

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4
Q

ADL

A

Activities of Daily Living

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5
Q

AM Care

A

Morning care, this can include positioning, vitals, assessments, and getting resident ready for the day

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6
Q

Apnea

A

Cessation of breathing, especially during sleep

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7
Q

Aspiration

A

Inhalation of some foreign material; aspiration of vomitus, blood, or mucus may occur when a person is unconscious or under the effects of a general anesthetic

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8
Q

Assault

A

A threat resulting in a person feeling fearful that they will be harmed

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9
Q

Atrophy

A

A wasting or decrease in size of a body organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use leading to decreased function

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10
Q

Battery

A

The intentional touching of a person without their consent

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11
Q

BID

A

Abbreviation for bis in die, meaning twice a day

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12
Q

BBP

A

Blood-Borne Pathogens

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13
Q

Brachial

A

Of, relating to, or resembling the arm or a similar or homologous part, such as the foreleg, wing, or other forelimb of a vertebrate

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14
Q

Cells

A

The smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence, composed of a membrane-enclosed mass of protoplasm and containing a nucleus or nucleoid

Cells are highly variable and specialized in both structure and function, although all must at some stage replicate proteins and nucleic acids, use energy, and reproduce themselves

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15
Q

Client

A

A synonym for a patient who receives health care in an ambulatory care setting, especially when health maintenance rather than illness care is the primary service provided

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16
Q

Coma

A

A deep sleep, or a state of extreme unresponsiveness, in which an individual exhibits no voluntary movement or behavior.

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17
Q

Confusion

A

A mental state in which reactions to environmental stimuli are inappropriate because the person is bewildered, perplexed, or unable to orientate herself or himself

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18
Q

Constipation

A

An acute or chronic condition in which bowel movements occur less often than usual or consist of hard, dry stools that are painful or difficult to pass

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19
Q

Contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to stretching; this can lead to permanent disability. It can be caused by fibrosis of the tissues supporting the muscle or the joint, or by disorders of the muscle fibers themselves

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20
Q

Cyanosis

A

Cyanosis is a physical sign causing bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Cyanosis is caused by circulation issues or a lack of oxygen in the blood

Cyanosis is associated with cold temperatures, heart failure, lung diseases, and smothering. It is seen in infants at birth as a result of heart defects, respiratory distress syndrome, or lung and breathing problems

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21
Q

Dangle

A

A popular term for the first movement a patient is allowed, either after surgery under general anesthesia, or ‘under local’, in which the recuperee allows the feet to dangle over the side of the bed

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22
Q

Dehydration

A

Dehydration is the loss of water and salts essential for normal body function

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23
Q

Delegation

A

Transfer of responsibility for the performance of patient care while retaining accountability for the outcome

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24
Q

Dementia

A

Dementia is a loss of mental ability severe enough to interfere with normal activities of daily living, lasting more than six months, not present since birth, and not associated with a loss or alteration of consciousness

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25
Q

Diastolic

A

Relating to or occurring during cardiac relaxation. Constitutes the minimum amount of pressure exerted on the cardiovascular system

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26
Q

Digestion

A

The mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic process whereby ingested food is converted into material suitable for assimilation for synthesis of tissues or liberation of energy

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27
Q

DNR

A

Abbreviation for do not resuscitate

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28
Q

DOFF

A

To remove PPE

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29
Q

Dysphasia

A

The partial or complete impairment of the ability to communicate resulting from brain injury

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30
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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31
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty in breathing, often associated with lung or heart disease and resulting in shortness of breath

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32
Q

Edema

A

A condition of abnormally large fluid volume in the circulatory system or in tissues between the body’s cells

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33
Q

Elimination

A

Discharge from the body of indigestible materials and of waste products of body metabolism; see defecation, urination, and clearance

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34
Q

Expiration

A
  1. exhalation
  2. termination or death
  3. a time after which a medication or agent has lost its potency
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35
Q

Fecal Impaction

A

Accumulation of putty-like or hardened feces in the rectum or sigmoid

The condition often occurs in patients with long-standing bowel problems and chronic constipation. It also may develop when barium is introduced into the intestinal tract and not completely removed

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36
Q

Fowlers

A

An inclined position obtained by raising the head of the bed about 20-30 inches to promote collection of intraabdominal fluid in the lower part of the abdomen

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37
Q

Friction

A

The resistance of two surfaces rubbing against each other in opposite directions. Can cause sores or skin breakdown

38
Q

HAI

A

Healthcare-Associated Infections

Infections acquired while patients are receiving health care for another condition

39
Q

HIPAA

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

40
Q

I&O

A

Intake and Output

41
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to control excretory functions

42
Q

Ingestion

A

The taking of food, drugs, liquids, or other substances into the body by mouth

43
Q

Inhalation

A

The drawing of air or other substances into the airways and lungs; see also aspiration or inspiration

44
Q

Logrolling

A

Emergency medicine A popular term for the moving of a Pt–as if rolling a log–without allowing lateral movement of the head and neck, usually to a board or other flat rigid device

45
Q

Maslow

A

Abraham H. Maslow, a U.S. psychologist that lived from1908-1970.

He developed a hierarchy of needs to describe needs that humans presumably fill successively in the order of lowest to highest: physiologic needs, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization

46
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. In metabolism some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized

47
Q

Microbe

A

Archaic. A microscopic living organism—e.g., bacterium, fungus, protozoan; microorganism

48
Q

mL

A

MilliLiter, Cubic Centimeter (CC), 1/1000th of a Liter

49
Q

Neglect

A

To disregard or ignore; to fail to perform a duty or to give due attention or care

50
Q

NPO

A

Abbreviation for nil per os, meaning nothing by mouth

51
Q

Nursing Process

A

A five-part systematic decision-making method focusing on identifying and treating responses of individuals or groups to actual or potential alterations in health. Includes assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation

52
Q

Nutrient

A

An element, mineral, or biochemical substance used by the body that must be supplied in adequate amounts from foods consumed

There are six classes of nutrients: water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins

53
Q

OBRA

A

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987. This nursing home reform act was enacted by Congress to protect people from abuse in nursing homes

54
Q

Occult

A

Occult blood test examination by microscope or chemical test of a specimen (such as feces, urine, or gastric juice) for presence of blood that is not otherwise detectable. Feces are tested when intestinal bleeding is suspected but there is no visible evidence of blood

55
Q

Ombudsman

A

A neutral representative of local government who assesses complaints about councils, authorities, organisations, education admissions appeal panels, healthcare professionals (e.g., GPs) and adult social care providers (e.g., care homes and home care providers)

56
Q

Organs

A

Any part of the body exercising a specific function (for example, respiration, secretion, or digestion)

57
Q

Orthopneic

A

Difficulty in breathing that occurs while the patient is lying down

58
Q

OSHA

A

Abbreviation for Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor, responsible for establishing and enforcing safety and health standards in the workplace

59
Q

Ostomy

A

A surgical procedure creating an opening in the body for the discharge of body wastes

60
Q

Oz

A

Ounces

61
Q

PASS

A
  • Pull
  • Aim
  • Squeeze
  • Sweep
    The acronym for fire extinguisher usage
62
Q

Pathogen

A

Any virus, microorganism, or other substance causing disease

63
Q

Patient

A

A person who is ill or is undergoing treatment for disease

64
Q

Peristalsis

A

The movement of the intestine or other tubular structure, characterized by waves of alternate circular contraction and relaxation of the tube by which the contents are propelled onward

65
Q

PC

A

Abbreviation for post cibum, meaning after meals

66
Q

PHI

A

Protected Health Information

67
Q

Physical (Physiological) Needs

A
  • Food and Water
  • Shelter
  • Activity
  • Rest
  • Comfort; freedom from pain
68
Q

PM Care

A

Evening care, which can include brushing teeth, shower, change of clothing, denture care, getting patient into bed

69
Q

PRN

A

Abbreviation for pro re nata, meaning as needed

70
Q

Prone

A

Lying face downward, or on the ventral surface

71
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of the muscles of both arms, both legs and of the trunk. Quadriplegia results from severe spinal cord damage in the neck, usually as a result of a fracture-dislocation, but sometimes as a result of neurological disease

72
Q

QID

A

Abbreviation for quater in die, meaning four times a day

73
Q

Q4H

A

Every 4 hours

74
Q

RACE

A
  • Rescue
  • Alert
  • Contain
  • Extinguish
    The acronym for fire response
75
Q

Radial

A

Relating to the radius (bone of the forearm), to any structures named from it, or to the radial or lateral aspect of the upper limb compared with the ulnar or medial aspect

76
Q

Resident

A
  1. A patient in a long-term care setting
  2. A physician receiving specialized clinical training in a hospital, usually after completing an internship
77
Q

Respiration

A

The act of breathing.

More technically, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body cells, including inhalation and exhalation, diffusion of oxygen from the pulmonary alveoli to the blood and of carbon dioxide from the blood to the alveoli, followed by the transport of oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the body cells

78
Q

Restraint

A

The forcible confinement or control of a subject. It may be either physical or chemical

79
Q

Restraint Alternative

A

Measures used in place of a restraint or that reduce the need for a restraint

80
Q

Sepsis

A

An infection in the bloodstream or body tissues. This is a very broad term covering the presence of many types of microscopic disease-causing organisms

81
Q

Shearing

A

An applied force that tends to cause an opposite but parallel sliding motion of the planes of an object. Such motions cause tissues and blood vessels to move in such a way that blood flow may be interrupted, placing the patient at risk for pressure ulcers

82
Q

Standard Precautions

A

A method of infection control—recommended by the CDC—in which all human blood, certain body fluids, as well as fresh tissues and cells of human origin are handled as if they are known to be infected with HIV, HBV, and/or other blood-borne pathogens

83
Q

STAT

A

With no delay; at once. Used especially in medicine

84
Q

Stoma

A

A surgically constructed opening, especially one in the abdominal wall that permits the passage of waste after a colostomy or ileostomy

85
Q

Supine

A

Lying with the face upward, or on the dorsal surface

86
Q

Syncope

A

Sudden loss of consciousness, either with momentary premonitory symptoms or without warning, due to cerebral anemia caused by ventricular asystole, extreme bradycardia, or ventricular fibrillation

87
Q

Systolic

A

Relating to or occurring during cardiac contraction. Constitutes the maximum amount of pressure exerted on the cardiovascular system

88
Q

TID

A

Latin for ter in die, meaning three times a day

89
Q

Tissues

A

A group or layer of similarly specialized cells that together perform certain special functions

90
Q

Transmission Precautions

A

The second tier of basic infection control and are to be used in addition to Standard Precautions for patients who may be infected or colonized with certain infectious agents for which additional precautions are needed to prevent infection transmission

91
Q

Trendelenburg

A

A supine position in which the feet are higher than the head; used in patients who become acutely hypotensive. Developed by German surgeon, Friedrich Trendelenburg, 1844-1924.

Nursing Assistant Care: The Basics 6th ed. (13 decks)

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