Medical Terminology Flashcards by Avi Aronov

General: Total body swelling

Anasarca

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General: Listening with the stethoscope

Auscultation

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General: The normal state of being for each specific patient

Baseline

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General: The diseases that a physician is considering as the reason for the patient’s sx

Differential Diagnosis

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General: The bottom aperture of the internal surface of a hollow organ; often referring to the uterus or eye

Fundus

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General: Excessive or profuse bleeding

Hemorrhage

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General: Persistently high atrial blood pressure (typically >140/90)

Hypertension

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General: Persistently low atrial blood pressure (typically

Hypotension

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General: Area of dead tissue following prolonged ischemia

Infarct

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General: Localized lack of blood supply to an area

Ischemia

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General: Foul-smelling

Malodorous

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General: Any body orifice

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General: Able to be touched or easily perceived

Palpable

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General: Persistent thirst or frequent drinking of liquids; possibly indicative of diabetes

Polydipsia

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General: The breaking-open of bodily structure

Rupture

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General: Dangerous infection of the blood with pathological microorganisms or their toxins

Sepsis

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General: A forcible pulling away of a part of structure

Avulsion

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General: A crackling or grading sound usually of bones

Crepitus

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General: A diagnosis of symptoms of two or more diseases by comparison

Differential Diagnosis

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General: Escape of fluid into a cavity

Effusion

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General: Tumor consisting of blood vessels

Hemangioma

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General: Normal; of no danger to health

Benign

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General: Star-shaped, radiating from the center

Stellate

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Timing: New onset, likely concerning

Acute

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Timing: New exacerbation of a chronic condition

Acute on chronic

Timing: Long-standing, constant

Chronic

Timing: Symptoms that are always present but changing in severity, never fully resolving

Fluctuating

Timing: Symptoms that completely serve at times, but continue to return repeatedly

Intermittent

Timing: Occasional, sporadic, transient

Paroxysmal

Timing: Gone, no longer existing

Resolved

Timing: Resolving spontaneously after onset

Transient

Kinesiology: Draws away from the midline

Abduction

Kinesiology: Draws towards the midline

Adduction

Kinesiology: Able to move about, not confined to a bed

Ambulatory

Kinesiology: To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

Anatomical Position

Kinesiology: Situated in front of or directed toward the front

Kinesiology: Connection between bones; joint

Articulation

Kinesiology: Armpit

Axilla

Kinesiology: Toward the feet

Caudal

Kinesiology: Towards the head

Cephalad

Kinesiology: Pertaining to the neck or to the cervix of the uterus

Cervical

Kinesiology: Farther from the surface

Deep

Kinesiology: Spread out over a wide area

Diffuse

Kinesiology: Farther from the limb root

Distal

Kinesiology: Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot

Dorsiflexion

Kinesiology: Turned outward

Everted

Kinesiology: Straightening out

Extension

Kinesiology: Outside

External

Kinesiology: Bending or angulation

Flexion

Kinesiology: Divides body into anterior and posterior parts (2)

Frontal plane, Coronal plane

Kinesiology: Lower, rather from crown

Inferior

Kinesiology: Inside

Internal

Kinesiology: Turned inward

Inverted

Kinesiology: Farther from the midline

Lateral

Kinesiology: That which raises

Levator

Kinesiology: Nearer to the midline

Medial

Kinesiology: Divides body into left and right

Midline

Kinesiology: Palm side of hand or body (2)

Palmer, Volar

Kinesiology: Sole of foot

Plantar

Kinesiology: Rear or back (2)

Posterior, Dorsal

Kinesiology: That which turns palm of hand downward

Pronator

Kinesiology: Body position lying face down with forearms and hands turns palm side down

Prone

Kinesiology: Nearer to the limb root

Proximal

Kinesiology: Pertaining to the lateral side of the arm

Radial Aspect

Kinesiology: Nearer to the surface

Superficial

Kinesiology: Upper, nearer to the crown of head

Superior

Kinesiology: That which turns palm up hand up upward

Supinator

Kinesiology: Body position lying face up

Supine

Kinesiology: Right angles to long axis; divides the body into upper and lower parts

Transverse plane

Kinesiology: Pertaining to the medial side of the arm

Ulnar aspect

Constitutional: Without fever

Afebrile

Constitutional: Looking around, awake, attentive

Alert

Constitutional: The state of the patient's body, often referring to obesity

Body Habitus

Constitutional: Extremely skinny, bony, malnourished

Cachectic

Constitutional: Aggressively uncooperative

Combative

Constitutional: The general appearance and nature of a patient

Constitutional

Constitutional: General appearance of lacking water; dry lips, dry mucosa

Dehydrated

Constitutional: A patient's inability to tolerate their body-state, due to pain or respiratory failure

Distress

Constitutional: Appearing old

Elderly

Constitutional: Extremely thin and malnourished, wasting

Emaciated

Constitutional: Elevated body temperature, indicative of infection

Febrile

Constitutional: Not appearing healthy

Ill appearing

Constitutional: When an infant or baby cannot be made to stop crying

Inconsolable

Constitutional: Generalized feeling of discomfort or lack of well-being

Malaise

Constitutional: Poor nutritional state

Malnourished

Constitutional: Extremely overweight

Morbidly Obese

Constitutional: Appearing stable and at no risk of deterioration

Non-toxic

Constitutional: Appearing drowsy

Somnolent

Constitutional: The state of crying, or being about to cry

Tearful

Constitutional: Does not follow commands or go along with physician requests

Uncooperative

Constitutional: Poor self hygiene

Unkempt

Constitutional: Normal state of mental and body development

Well developed

Head: Normal external head inspection

Atraumatic/Normocephalic (ATNC)

Head: Bruising behind the ears, indicative of a basilar skull fracture

Battles sign

Head: Headache

Cephalgia

Head: Disease of the brain

Encephalopathy

Head: Swelling of the face often secondary to an allergic reaction

Facial angioedema

Head: Anatomical feature of an infant's skull, the "soft-spot"

Fontanel

Head: The forehead and the anterior top of the skull

Frontal

Head: Infection of the membranes that contain the brain and spinal cord

Meningitis

Head: The membranes that contain the brain and spinal cord

Meninges

Head: The most posterior part of the skull, the back of the head (2)

Occipital, Occiput

Head: Location across the posterior top of the skull

Parietal

Head: Bruising around the eyes, indicative of a basilar skull fracture

Raccoon eyes

Head: Infection of the sinuses, usually causing sinus pressure

Sinusitis

Head: The sides of the head

Temporal

Eyes: Unequal diameter of pupils

Anisocoria

Eyes: Thin outer lining of the eye and eyelid

Conjunctiva

Eyes: Pus in the eyes

Conjunctival exudate

Eyes: Transparent frontal aspect of the eye, covering both the iris and pupil

Cornea

Eyes: Diagnosis of double vision

Diplopia

Eyes: Normal function of eye muscles

Extra-ocular muscles intact (EOMI)

Eyes: Demonstrates the presence of a corneal abrasion

Fluorescein uptake

Eyes: Orange/yellow eyedrops used to detect corneal lesions, abrasions, or foreign bodies

Fluorescein

Eyes: The use of an ophthalmoscope to look through the pupil and examine the interior surface of the posterior eye

Fundoscopic exam

Eyes: Instrument used to look through the pull and examine the interior surface of the posterior eye

Ophthalmoscope

Eyes: Interior surface of eye

Fundus of the eye

Eyes: Blood in anterior chamber of the eye, as seen during the fundoscopic exam

Hyphema

Eyes: Referring to tears

Lacrimal

Eyes: Involuntary "shaking" eye movements, rather than normal continuous smooth motion

Nystagmus

Eyes: Pain in the eye

Ophthalmalgia

Eyes: Pale inner aspect of the eyelid most often due to anemia

Pale conjunctiva

Eyes: Swelling of optic disk due to increased intracranial pressure, seen fundoscopically

Papilledema

Eyes: Bruising around the eyes, indicative of trauma

Periorbital ecchymosis

Eyes: Light sensitivity

Photophobia

Eyes: Bruising around the eyes (indicates skull fracture)

Raccoon Eyes

Eyes: Dense, fibrous, opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea

Sclera

Eyes: Yellowing of the sclera due to jaundice

Scleral icterus

Eyes: Small infected bump on the eyelid, usually in between the eyelash hair (2)

Stye, Hordeolum

Eyes: Blood in the white part of the eye

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Eyes: Sign of dehydration

Sunken eyes

Ears: External portion of the ear

Auricle

Ears: Earwax

Cerumen

Ears: Infection of the deep inner ear, often causes vertigo

Labyrinthitis

Ears: The deep inner ear

Labyrinth

Ears: Ear ache

Otalgia

Ears: Outer ear infection

Otitis externa

Ears: Middle ear infection

Otitis media

Ears: "Ringing in the ears", perception of ringing even with no external stimuli

Tinnitus

Ears: "Outpouching" of the eardrum, indicative of inflammation

TM bulging

Ears: Absence of light reflection, indicative of ear infection

TM dullness

Ears: Redness of the eardrum, often indicative of infection

TM erythema

Ears: Rupture of the eardrum

TM perforation

Ears: The clear membrane inside the ear

Tympanic membrane (TM)

Nose: Hemorrhage from the nose; nose bleeding

Epistaxis

Nose: Nostril (pl. nostrils) (2)

Naris (pl. Nares)

Nose: Clear nasal discharge

Rhinorrhea

Nose: Bruise/swelling of septum (sign of nose fracture)

Septal hematoma

Throat/Mouth: Indicative of decreased LOC or brainstem injury; Concern for airway protection

Decreased gag reflex

Throat/Mouth: Teeth

Dentition

Throat/Mouth: Dry tongue, mouth, and lips, indicating significant dehydration

Dry mucosa

Throat/Mouth: Without teeth

Edentulous

Throat/Mouth: Gums

Gingiva

Throat/Mouth: Referring to the tongue

Lingual

Throat/Mouth: Imperfect closure of opposing tech, indicative of trauma or jaw fracture

Malocclusion

Throat/Mouth: The far back of the nasal canal, where it joins the back of the throat

Nasopharynx

Throat/Mouth: Toothache

Odontalgia

Throat/Mouth: Painful swallowing

Odynophagia

Throat/Mouth: The back of the mouth, where it meets the throat

Oropharynx

Throat/Mouth: Collection of pus or fluid around the tonsil

Peritonsillar abscess

Throat/Mouth: Redness of the pharynx, indicating a throat infection

Pharyngeal erythema

Throat/Mouth: Throat infection

Pharyngitis

Throat/Mouth: Poor ability to handle secretions (saliva): drooping at the mouth and gagging

Secretion pooling

Throat/Mouth: Sticky tongue, mouth, and lips indicating early dehydration

Tacky mucosa

Throat/Mouth: Swelling of the tonsils, indicating infection

Tonsillar edema

Throat/Mouth: Pus on the tonsils, indicating infection of the tonsils

Tonsillar exudate

Throat/Mouth: Inability to fully open mouth due to inflamed jaw muscles

Trismus

Throat/Mouth: Uvula in normal position (not shifted)

Uvula midline

Neck: Neck pain elicited by flexing neck, hips and knees flex in response to the neck being flexed; sign of meningitis

Brudzinski

Neck: Vertebrae 1-7

Cervical spine

Neck: Turbulent blood flow heard with auscultation over the carotid artery (due to carotid narrowing or plaque)

Carotid bruit

Neck: sign of CHF

Jugular vein distension (JVD)

Neck: Neck pain elicited by flexing hip; Stiff hamstrings/inability to straighten the leg when hip is flexed; sign of meningitis

Kernigs

Neck: Enlarged lymph nodes

Lymphadenopathy

Neck: Stiff neck/Signs of meningitis

Meningismus

Neck: Tenderness of the muscles next to the vertebrae

Paraspinal tenderness

Neck: Flexible, free-moving, not-stiff

Supple

Neck: Enlarged thyroid

Thyromegaly

Neck: No deviation of trachea (deviates to unaffected side in pneumothorax)

Trachea midline

Neck: Bony tenderness directly over the vertebrae

Vertebral tenderness

Cardiovascular: Diagnosis of enlarged aorta; due to a weakened aortic wall

Aortic aneurysm

Cardiovascular: Diagnosis in which the arterial wall splits apart

Aortic dissection

Cardiovascular: Disturbance of rhythm in the heartbeat

Arrhythmia

Cardiovascular: Diagnosis in which the arterial wall breaks open as could happen in aortic dissection

Aortic rupture

Cardiovascular: Irregular beating of the atria; indicates that the sinus node is not conducting a normal sinus rhythm

Atrial fibrillation

Cardiovascular: Irregular beating of the atria; often describes as "A-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block"

Atrial flutter

Cardiovascular: ASD; a hole in the atrial septum that causes blood in the RA and LA to mix

Atrial septal defect

Cardiovascular: Slow heart rate (HR

Bradycardia

Cardiovascular: Decreased blood flow through the coronary vessels and to the heart; usually diagnosed by ST segment depressions on EKG

Cardiac ischemia

Cardiovascular: Enlarged heart

Cardiomegaly

Cardiovascular: Disease of the heart muscle

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiovascular: Dysfunctional heart muscle because of an enlarged heart

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiovascular: Extra beats of the heart heard during auscultation

Extra systoles

Cardiovascular: Described as grating, scratching sound of the heart indicative of pericarditis

Friction rub

Cardiovascular: Three or four sounds heard as part of heart rhythm

Gallop

Cardiovascular: Heart rhythm for anyone with Atrial Fibrillation

Irregularly irregular

Cardiovascular: sign of CHF

Jugular Vein Distension (JVD)

Cardiovascular: Abnormal heart sound rated on 1-6 scale

Murmur

Cardiovascular: Death of cardiac muscle due to prolonged ischemia when blood flow through the coronary artery is obstructed

Myocardial infarction (MI)

Cardiovascular: Inflammation of the heart muscle

Myocarditis

Cardiovascular: A heart attack that is not diagnosed on the EKG but is diagnosed by an elevated troponin on blood test

NSTEMI (Non ST segment elevation MI)

Cardiovascular: Diagnosis due to fluid in the pericardium that exerts pressure on the heart and hampers its ability to contract normally

Pericardial tamponade

Cardiovascular: Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart evidenced on physical exam by the presence of a friction rub on heart auscultation

Pericarditis

Cardiovascular: Carotid, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsal pedis (DP), or posterior tibia (PT)

Pulse exam

Cardiovascular: An acute heart attack indicated by an EKG

STEMI (ST elevation MI)

Cardiovascular: Fast heart rate (HR>100)

Tachycardia

Cardiovascular: Irregular beating of the ventricles; this is a terminal event that requires immediate electrical cardioversion

Ventricular fibrillation

Cardiovascular: An infectious growth on the cardiac valves

Valvular vegetation

Cardiovascular: A hole in the ventricular septum that causes blood to mix between the RV and LV

Ventricular septal defect ("A VSD")

Cardiovascular: A blood clot that attaches to the inside wall of the ventricle; pieces can break off and spread to anywhere in the body leading to infarctions

Ventricular wall thrombus

Heart Anatomy: Artery carrying blood from the heart (LV) to the rest of the body

Aorta

Heart Anatomy: Heart valve between the LV and ascending aorta

Aortic valve

Heart Anatomy: Heart tissue that separates the RA from the LA

Atrial septum

Heart Anatomy: Receives the electrical activity from the SA node and conducts it to the ventricles: the right bundle and the left bundle

AV node (Atrioventricular node)

Heart Anatomy: Artery that supplies the heart with blood

Coronary artery

Heart Anatomy: Chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein

Left Atrium (LA)

Heart Anatomy: Chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the LA

Left Ventricle (LV)

Heart Anatomy: Heart valve between LA and LV

Mitral valve

Heart Anatomy: Heart muscle

Myocardium

Heart Anatomy: The lining surrounding the heart

Pericardium

Heart Anatomy: Artery carrying blood from the heart (RV) to the lungs

Pulmonary artery

Heart Anatomy: Vein carrying blood from the lungs to heart (LA)

Pulmonary vein

Heart Anatomy: Heart valve between the RV and pulmonary artery

Pulmonic valve

Heart Anatomy: Chamber in the heart that receives blood from the vena cava

Right Atrium (RA)

Heart Anatomy: Chamber in the heart that receives blood from the RA, sends it to the lungs

Right Ventricle (RV)

Heart Anatomy: Pacemaker of the heart

SA node (Sinoatrial node)

Heart Anatomy: Heart valve between RA and RV

Tricuspid valve

Heart Anatomy: Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart

Vena cava

Heart Anatomy: Heart tissue that separates the RV from the LV

Ventricular septum

Vasculature: Localized ballooning of a vessel due to a weakened vessel wall

Aneurysm

Vasculature: Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart; muscular, contractile

Artery

Vasculature: A whooshing sound heart during auscultation indicative of blockage or aneurysm

Bruit

Vasculature: Blood flow into the wall layers of an artery causing the arterial walls to split apart

Dissection

Vasculature: Deep clot in the extremity

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT)

Vasculature: Obstruction of blood vessel by a traveling clot of blood or foreign substance

Embolism

Vasculature: Tumor consisting of blood vessels

Hemangioma

Vasculature: Blood clot or blockage

Thrombus

Vasculature: Vessel carrying blood towards the heart; soft, compressible

Vein

Pulmonary: Struggling for breath using extra muscles in addition to the diaphragm

Accessory muscle use

Pulmonary: Constriction of the airway due to muscular contraction of the bronchioles

Asthma

Pulmonary: Collapse of the alveoli in the lungs due to disease or poor inspiration

Atelectasis

Pulmonary: Decreased respiratory rate

Bradypnea

Pulmonary: Inflammation/Infection of the bronchioles (smaller divisions of the bronchi)

Bronchiolitis

Pulmonary: Inflammation/Infection of the bronchi

Bronchitis

Pulmonar: Chronic lung disease typically seen in smokers

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Pulmonary: Viral infection of the upper airway with a barking cough and often stridor

Croup

Pulmonary: Fluid or mass under area being percussed

Dullness on percussion

Pulmonary: Difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath

Dyspnea

Pulmonary: Coughing up blood

Hemoptysis

Pulmonary: Blood fluid present in the pleural cavity

Hemothorax

Pulmonary: Breathing too fast, A.K.A. Behavioral breathlessness or Psychogenic dyspnea

Hyperventilation

Pulmonary: Enlargement of nostrils with breathing (sign of respiratory distress)

Nasal flaring

Pulmonary: Expiratory phase that is markedly longer than the inspiratory phase; heard in asthmatics

Prolonged expiration

Pulmonary: Blockage of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches due to a translocated clot

Pulmonary Embolus

Pulmonary: General term for pain with breathing

Pleurisy

Pulmonary: Presence of air or gas in the pleural space; collapsed lung

Pneumothorax

Pulmonary: Infiltrate (infection) inside the lung tissue

Pneumonia

Pulmonary: Crackles; wet crackling heard in the lungs due to pneumonia or CHF

Rales

Pulmonary: Visible sinking in the area between the ribs and in the neck during inhalation (respiratory distress)

Retractions

Pulmonary: Sound of mucous rolling around in the lungs

Rhonchi

Pulmonary: Avoiding deep inspirations due to increased pain with breathing

Splinting

Pulmonary: Matter coughed up from the lower airways

Sputum

Pulmonary: Upper airway noise; common sign in croup

Stridor

Pulmonary: Increased respiratory rate; greater than 20 respirations per minute

Tachypnea

Pulmonary: High pitched sound heard with asthmatics or lung disease

Wheezing

Abdominal: Intestinal sounds heard from auscultating over the abdomen

Bowel sounds

Abdominal: Inflammation of the gallbladder

Cholecystitis

Abdominal: Production of gallstones

Cholelithiasis

Abdominal: Scarring of the liver tissue affecting the liver's ability to function

Cirrhosis

Abdominal: 2 types of chronic inflammatory bowel disease

Crohn's, Colitis

Abdominal: Generalized; not localized to any specific location

Diffuse

Abdominal: Enlarged or swollen due to internal pressure

Distention

Abdominal: Acute inflammation of the pouches in the colon wall

Diverticulitis

Abdominal: Formation of pouches in the colon wall

Diverticulosis

Abdominal: Increased pain with coughing

Dunphy's sign

Abdominal: Indigestion

Dyspepsia

Abdominal: Difficulty swallowing

Dysphagia

Abdominal: Vomiting

Emesis

Abdominal: Upper central region of the abdomen

Epigastric

Abdominal: General term for inflammation of the GI tract

Gastroenteritis

Abdominal: Tensing of abdominal wall muscles as to protect the internal organs indicative of true abdominal disease

Guarding

Abdominal: Vomiting of blood

Hematemesis

Abdominal: Bright red blood in the stool

Hematochezia

Abdominal: Inflammation of the liver

Hepatitis

Abdominal: Enlarged liver

Hepatomegaly

Abdominal: Contents of body cavity bulge out of the area where they are normally contained

Hernia

Abdominal: Lack of muscular contraction in the intestine leading to disruption of bowel passage air/fluid levels on abdominal x-ray

Ileus

Abdominal: Pertaining to the groin region

Inguinal

Abdominal: One portion of the intestine slides into the next, much like the pieces of a telescope

Intussusception

Abdominal: Any abdominal enlargement

Mass

Abdominal: RLQ point (⅓ of the way from the ASIS to the umbilicus) tenderness indicative of appendicitis

McBurney's point

Abdominal: Black tarry stool indicative of a GI bleed

Melena

Abdominal: Pain with palpation of the RUQ during inspiration, indicative of cholecystitis

Murphy's sign

Abdominal: RLQ on internal rotation of right thigh indicative of appendicitis

Obturator sign

Abdominal: Enlarged organ

Organomegaly

Abdominal: Inflammation of the pancreas

Pancreatitis

Abdominal: Ulcers developing in the stomach causing pain and emesis

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Abdominal: Rebound tenderness, guarding, or rigidity indicative of acute abdominal inflammation

Peritoneal signs

Abdominal: Inflammation of the abdominal cavity

Peritonitis

Abdominal: Abdominal cavity

Peritoneal

Abdominal: RLQ pain with extension of right thigh indicative of appendicitis

Psoas sign

Abdominal: A larger than expected pulsating mass while palpating midline over the abdomen; indicates an aortic aneurysm

Prominent aortic pulsation

Abdominal: Strong pulse of midline abdomen, possible aortic aneurysm

Pulsatile mass

Abdominal: Pain when releasing hand from abdominal palpation

Rebound

Abdominal: Stiffness of the muscles of the abdomen

Rigidity

Abdominal: Pain in RLQ with palpation of LLQ indicative of appendicitis

Rovsing's sign

Abdominal: Acute blockage of the small intestine

Small bowel obstruction (SBO)

Abdominal: Concave, sunken

Scaphoid

Abdominal: Enlarged spleen

Splenomegaly

Abdominal: Lower central region on the abdomen

Suprapubic

Abdominal: A bell-like noise when tapping the abdomen

Tympany

Genitourinary: Number of terminated pregnancies, spontaneous or induced

Abortions

Genitourinary: Appendages; in gynecology the ovaries and fallopian tubes

Adnexa

Genitourinary: Tenderness of the ovaries during the pelvic exam indicative of ovarian cyst or torsion

Adnexal tenderness

Genitourinary: Blood at the urethral opening of a male; sign of trauma or hematuria

Blood at the meatus

Genitourinary: The opening of the cervix; always will be closed unless passing tissue from the cervix

Cervical os

Genitourinary: Elicited by moving the cervix, often indicative of PID

Cervical Motion Tenderness (CMT)

Genitourinary: Tenderness over the kidneys

CVA tenderness (Costo-vertebral Angle tenderness)

Genitourinary: Painful menstruation

Dysmenorrhea

Genitourinary: Painful intercourse

Dyspareunia

Genitourinary: Painful urination

Dysuria

Genitourinary: Egg developing outside the uterus extremely dangerous due to risk of rupture

Ectopic pregnancy

Genitourinary: Presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside of the uterus

Endometriosis

Genitourinary: Inflammation of the epididymis

Epididymitis

Genitourinary: A tube inserted through the urethra to drain urine, often left in place

Foley catheter

Genitourinary: Urinating often

Frequency

Genitourinary: The state of being pregnant

Gravid

Genitourinary: Number of total pregnancies

Gravida

Genitourinary: Blood in the urine

Hematuria

Genitourinary: Swelling of the kidney due to acute blockage of the ureter

Hydronephrosis

Genitourinary: Pertaining to the groin area

Inguinal

Genitourinary: Kidney stones (2)

Nephrolithiasis, Renal calculi

Genitourinary: Twisting of the ovarian artery or vein

Ovarian torsion

Genitourinary: Number of viable offspring born by a woman

Para

Genitourinary: Inflammation of a woman's reproductive organs

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Genitourinary: Tissue of an aborted fetus

Products of Conception (POC)

Genitourinary: Urinating large amounts

Polyuria

Genitourinary: Infection of the kidneys

Pyelonephritis

Genitourinary: Inability to urinate

Retention

Genitourinary: Passing very small amounts of blood from the vagina

Spotting

Genitourinary: A straight tube inserted to drain urine then immediately removed

Straight catheter

Genitourinary: Twisting of the spermatic cord

Testicular torsion

Genitourinary: The twisting of an organ on its own

Torsion

Genitourinary: Abrupt onset of urge to urinate

Urgency

Genitourinary: The interior of the vagina

Vaginal vault

Musculoskeletal: Pain in a joint

Arthralgia

Musculoskeletal: Inflammation of the joints

Arthritis

Musculoskeletal: Showing signs of tissue degradation or breakdown

Atrophic

Musculoskeletal: Fragment of bone chipped away from the main bone

Avulsion fracture

Musculoskeletal: Tenderness of the bone indicative of a fracture

Bony tenderness

Musculoskeletal: 5th metacarpal fracture

Boxer's fracture

Musculoskeletal: Splintered and crushed bone broken into multiple fragments

Comminuted fracture

Musculoskeletal: Compression of the nerves and blood vessel

Compartment syndrome

Musculoskeletal: Open fracture; a fracture that penetrates the skin

Compound fracture

Musculoskeletal: Inflammation of the rib cartilage

Costochondritis

Musculoskeletal: Visual abnormality of a bone or anatomical structure

Deformity

Musculoskeletal: Disconnected joint; complete misalignment of the joint

Dislocation

Musculoskeletal: Fibrous membrane of connective tissue supporting and separating muscles and body organs

Fascia

Musculoskeletal: Broken bone

Fracture

Musculoskeletal: Type of arthritis; diagnosed by ordering a uric acid level

Gout

Musculoskeletal: Bone partially breaks and bends

Greenstick fracture

Musculoskeletal: Broken bone smashed into another bone

Impacted fracture

Musculoskeletal: Fracture at the proximal end of the femur

Intratrochanteric fracture

Musculoskeletal: Articulation or junction between two or more bones or cartilage

Joint

Musculoskeletal: Fibrous tissue binding bones together

Ligament

Musculoskeletal: Boney prominence on each side of the ankle

Malleollous

Musculoskeletal: Autoimmune disease affecting the brain and spinal cord

Multiple sclerosis

Musculoskeletal: Muscular pain

Myalgia

Musculoskeletal: Large boney projection of the ulna forming the point of the elbow

Olecranon

Musculoskeletal: Bone infection

Osteomyelitis

Musculoskeletal: Tenderness of the muscles beside the spine; not indicative of a fracture

Paraspinal tenderness

Musculoskeletal: Compressed nerve in the spine

Radiculopathy

Musculoskeletal: Compression of a nerve causing back pain with radiation to posterior leg

Sciatica

Musculoskeletal: Long, slender segment of a long bone

Shaft

Musculoskeletal: Maneuver testing for sciatica

Straight Leg Raises (SLR)

Musculoskeletal: Triangular indentation of the radial dorsal aspect of the hand

Snuff box

Musculoskeletal: Bone is broken in a twisting manner

Spiral fracture

Musculoskeletal: Misalignment of the spine indicative of a spinal fracture

Step-offs

Musculoskeletal: Partial dislocation

Subluxation

Musculoskeletal: Inflammation of the tendon sheath

Tenosynovitis

Musculoskeletal: Perpendicular break across the bone

Transverse fracture

Musculoskeletal: Tenderness directly over the spine (vertebrae), increased likelihood of fracture

Vertebral point-tenderness

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Scrape of the skin due to something coarse

Abrasion

Integumentary/Lymphatic: A collection of pus beneath the skin

Abscess

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Pimples

Acne

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Severe acne

Acne vulgaris

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Swelling of a lymph-node, usually indicative of an infection distally

Adenopathy

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Baldness

Alopecia

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Total body swelling

Anasarca

Integumentary/Lymphatic: A forcible pulling away of a part or structure

Avulsion

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Blue color of the skin due to lack of oxygen

Cyanosis

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Removal of foreign matter or dead tissue from a wound

Debridement

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Splitting apart or separation of skin often used to describe a surgical wound that has re-opened

Dehiscence

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Tissue layer beneath the epidermis

Dermis

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Inflammation of the skin

Dermatitis

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Sweating

Diaphoresis

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Somewhat dark in color often indicative of poor circulation

Dusky

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Bruising

Ecchymosis

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Inflammatory condition of the skin characterized by scaly and itchy rash; may include tiny vesicles with oozing and crusting

Eczema

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Dry, scaly skin consistent with eczema

Eczematous rash

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Skin swollen due to fluid collection

Edema

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Redness/Red

Erythema/Erythematous

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Fibrous membrane of connective tissue supporting and separating muscles and body organs

Fascia

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Palpable fluid beneath the skin indicative of infection/pus

Fluctuance

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Inflammation of the hair follicle

Folliculitis

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Commonly used to describe a type of rash caused by fungus like tinea

Fungal rash

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Necrotic skin

Gangrene

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Raised area with underlying blood which occurs in tissue resulting from ruptured blood vessels

Hematoma

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Viral skin disease, often affecting the mouth or genital region

Herpes simplex

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Shingles; painful red blisters

Herpes zoster

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Hairy

Hirsute

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Darker than the surrounding skin

Hyperpigmented

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Lighter than the surrounding area

Hypopigmented

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Hardened area of tissue; soft tissue that becomes extremely firm

Induration

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Hypertrophic scar; raised scar

Keloid

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Cut in the skin due to trauma caused by sharp object

Laceration

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Thick skin with very deep lines

Lichenified

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Enlargement of a lymph node

Lymphadenopathy

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel; appears as red streaking

Lymphangitis

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Skin softening breakdown often from being wet for a prolonged period

Macerated

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Flat, red spots on the skin

Macular

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Rash with a flat red area that also has raised bumps

Maculopapular rash

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Skin that is very poorly perfused due to poor blood circulation

Mottled

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Rapidly spreading inflammatory infection located in the deep fascia (presence of gas on x-ray)

Necrotizing fasciitis

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Paleness

Pallor

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Raised bumps

Papular

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch (lighten) on applying pressure (a sign of meningitis)

Petechial rash

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Edema that retains an imprint when touched

Pitting edema

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Itchy

Pruritic

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Autoimmune skin disease; dry, scaly, red, itchy patches of skin

Psoriasis

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Containing pus; pus-like

Purulent

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Coarse, sandpaper texture rash (streptococcus infection)

Scarlatiniform rash

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Consisting of serum and blood

Serosanguinous

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Beneath nail

Subungual

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Slow return of the skin to its normal position after being pinched, a sign of either dehydration or aging, or both

Tenting

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Fungal infection of the skin

Tinea

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Skin elasticity

Turgor

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Hives; a red, raised, and often itchy rash consistent with allergic reactions

Urticarial rash

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Vesicles; fluid filled blisters (e.g. herpes)

Vesicular rash

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Depigmentation of patches of skin

Vitiligo

Integumentary/Lymphatic: Urticaria; red, raised rash, consistent with allergic reactions

Wheals

Neurological: An abnormal finding of dilation of the pupil instead of constriction in response to a shining light

Afferent Pupillary Defect (APD)

Neurological: Unequal diameter of pupils

Anisocoria

Neurological: Limping

Antalgic gait

Neurological: Inability to generate or understand language due to damage to the brain

Aphasic

Neurological: Condition of being unable to create words

Expressive aphasia

Neurological: Condition of being unable to understand spoken words

Receptive aphasia

Neurological: Loss of coordination

Ataxia

Neurological: The toes flex upward when sole of foot is stimulated, indicating motor nerve damage

Babinski sign

Neurological: A localized facial nerve dysfunction that causes facial droop and numbness

Bell's Palsy

Neurological: Stroke; blood supply to the brain is restricted or absent due to hemorrhage or occlusion of a vessel resulting in neurological damage and dysfunction

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Neurological: Involuntary muscle contractions and relaxations

Clonus

Neurological: Cranial nerve - Olfactory, smell

Cranial Nerve I

Neurological: Cranial nerve - Optic, visual fields and pupillary light reflex

Cranial Nerve II

Neurological: Cranial nerve - Oculomotor, pupil function and extra-ocular movements

Cranial Nerve III

Neurological: Cranial nerve - Trigeminal, sensation of forehead, cheek, and chin

Cranial Nerve V

Neurological: Cranial nerve - Vestibulocochlear, hearing

Cranial Nerve VIII

Neurological: Cranial nerve - Glossopharyngeal, gag reflex

Cranial Nerve IX

Neurological: Diminished anal sphincter muscle contraction, indicative of neurological damage

Decreased rectal tone

Neurological: Poor mechanical articulation of speech due to abnormal lip, tongue, or cheek motor function

Dysarthria

Neurological: Difficulty swallowing

Dysphagia

Neurological: Difficulty in neurologically generating or understanding language

Dysphasia

Neurological: Paralysis of the extra ocular movements

EOM palsy

Neurological: Drooping of one side of the face indicating neurological damage

Facial asymmetry

Neurological: Paralysis of the face

Facial Palsy

Neurological: A test to evaluate cerebellar function

Finger-nose-finger

Neurological: Exam looking inside of the eye as seen with ophthalmoscope looking for increased cranial pressure

Fundoscopic Exam

Neurological: Epileptic attack characterized by convulsions, stupor, and temporary loss of consciousness

Grand Mal Seizure

Neurological: Weakness of one half of the body

Hemiparesis

Neurological: Paralysis of one half of the body

Hemiplegia

Neurological: The patient moves their arms and legs normally, indicating normal motor function

Moves all extremities (MAEx4)

Neurological: Sharp pain along the course of a nerve or several nerves

Neuralgia

Neurological: Swelling of the optic nerve sheath, as noted with fundoscopic examination

Papilledema

Neurological: Abnormal tactile sensation often described as tingling, numbness, or pinpricking

Paresthesia

Neurological: The state of somnolence and decreased responsiveness after a seizure

Post-ictal

Neurological: Involuntary turning or lowering of forearm when outstretched

Pronator drift

Neurological: Falling to one side when standing with feet together and eyes closed, indicating abnormal cerebellar function or inner ear dysfunction

Romberg's sign

Neurological: A permanent localized numbness or weakness to a specific nerve's distal innervation

Saturday Night Palsy

Neurological: Repetitive seizures without regaining consciousness between them

Status epilepticus

Neurological: Normal strength of the extremities

Strength 5/5

Neurological: Loss of consciousness; fainting, "passing out"

Syncope

Neurological: Tongue pointing to one side

Tongue deviation

Neurological: Description of a Grand-Mal or generalized seizure with stupor and transient LOC

Tonic Clonic

Neurological: "mini-stroke", neurological function is regained completely with time

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Neurological: relating to a temporary fall in blood pressure

Vasovagal

Neurological: Condition of feeling the room-spin

Vertigo

Psychological: Lack of normal decision making

Abnormal judgement

Psychological: The expressed or observed emotional and social responses

Affect

Psychological: Commonly known as an "anxiety attack"

Anxiety Reaction

Psychological: Hearing voices, noises, music, or sounds that are not actually real

Auditory Hallucinations

Psychological: Appearing sad, unhappy

Depressed

Psychological: Lack of normal interaction, monotone, unemotional

Flat affect

Psychological: Thoughts of killing another person

Homicidal ideation

Psychological: Lacking the desire or ability to communicate

Non-communicative

Psychological: Strange interactions, unusual expressions, "weird"

Odd affect

Psychological: Abnormal rate of speech, speaking quickly and urgently

Pressured speech

Psychological: Thoughts of killing oneself

Suicidal ideation

Psychological: Thought processes that do not follow normal or logical progressions

Tangential thoughts

Psychological: Seeing objects, people, or things that do not actually exist

Visual Hallucinations

Psychological: Uninterested and non-participatory

Withdrawn

Medical Terminology Flashcards

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