Medical Terminology Flashcards
(575 cards)
1
Q
Ab
A
antibody
2
Q
ABG
A
arterial blood gas
3
Q
AC
A
acetyl; actinium
4
Q
AD
A
to; toward
5
Q
ad lib.
A
as desired
6
Q
AFB
A
acid-fast bacilli
7
Q
AFP
A
Alfa-fetoprotein
8
Q
AMA
A
Americal Medical Association
9
Q
AMI
A
acute myocardial infarction
10
Q
AP view
A
antero-posterolateral view
11
Q
ARDS
A
acute respiratory distress syndrome
12
Q
AS
A
arteriosclerosis
13
Q
ASD
A
atrial septal defect
14
Q
ASHD
A
arteriosclerotic heart disease
15
Q
AV
A
atrioventricular
16
Q
B.I.D., b.i.d.
A
bis in die, twice a day
17
Q
BM
A
bowel movement
18
Q
BMR
A
basal metabolic rate
19
Q
BP
A
blood pressure
20
Q
BUN
A
Blood urea nitrogen
21
Q
C.
A
contraction, concentration, carbon
22
Q
CA
A
carcinoma cancer
23
Q
CBC
A
Complete blood count
24
Q
CCU
A
critical care unit
25
CDC
center for disease control
26
CEA
carcinoembryonic antigen; carotid endarterectomy
27
CHF
congestive heart failure
28
cm.
centimeter
29
CNS
central nervous system
30
COPD
chronic obstrictive pulmonary disease
31
CPD
cephalopelvic disproportion
32
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
33
C-section
cesarean section
34
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
35
CT scan
computed tornography scan
36
CV
cardiovascular
37
CVA
cerebrovascular accident; costovertebral angle
38
CXR
Chest X-ray
39
D&C
Dilation and curettage - procedure in which the neck of the womb (cervix) is expanded and the lining of the uterus is scraped to remove pregnancy tissue or abnormal tissue.
40
DES
diethylstillbestrol - A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogenic compound. Sometimes used as a postcoital antipregnancy agent to prevent implantation of the fertilized oocyte. The first demonstrated transplacental carcinogen responsible for a delayed clear cell vaginal carcinoma in female offspring of mothers who took the drug during pregnancy when the drug was erroneously thought to prevent threatened abortion
41
diff
Differential
42
DM
dopamine - An intermediate in tyrosine metabolism and precursor of norepinephrine and epinephrine; neurotransmitter is the peripheral and central nervous systems; depletion of dopamine produces Parkinson disease.
43
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
44
DO
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
45
DOB
Date of Birth
46
DOE
dyspnea on exertion
47
DPT
diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (vaccine).
48
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
49
Dx
diagnosis
50
EBV
epstein-barr virus associated with mononucleosis
51
ECG
electrocardiogram
52
EKG
electrocardiogram
53
EDC
expired date of confinement
54
EEG
elctroencephalogram - record obtained by means of the electroencephalogram
55
EENT
Eye, ear, nose and throat
56
EMG
electromyogram - graphic respresentation of electric currents associated with muscular action
57
ENT
Ears, nose, and throat
58
EOMI
extraocular movements intact ( see eye movement )
59
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate, electron spine resonance
60
F.
fluorine/function
61
FACP
Fellow of American College of Physicans (ACP)- your doctor provides high quality health care
62
FACS
fluoresence-activated cell sorter - A machine that can separate and analyze cells, such as lymphocytes, which are labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated antibody, by their fluorescence and light scattering patterns.
63
FDA
Food and drug administration of the US Dept of Health and Human Services
64
FUO
fever of unknown origin
65
FVC
forced vital capacity
66
GC
gonorrhea - A contagious catarrhal inflammation of the genital mucous membrane, transmitted chiefly by coitus and due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae; may involve the lower or upper genital tract, especially the urethra, endocervix, and uterine tubes, or spread to the peritoneum and rarely to the heart, joints, or other structures by way of the bloodstream.
67
GI
gingival index / gastrointestinal
68
gm.
gram - Avoid using this obsolete abbreviation. Former abbreviation for gram
69
gtt.
glucose tolerance test
70
HCG
human chorionic genoadotropin
71
HDL
high density lipoprotein
72
Hg
mercury
73
h.s.
before sleep / at bedtime
74
Hct
hemocrit - percentage of volume of a blood sample
75
ICU
intensive care unit
76
I & D
incision and drainage
77
IM
intramuscular
78
I.V.
intervenous
79
IVP
intervenous pyelography or pyelogram
80
kg.
kilogram or 1000grams
81
KUB
kidneys, ureters, bladder; archaic term for plain frontal supine radiograph of the abdomen but still used
82
LAT, lat.
lateral
83
lb.
pound
84
LDL
low density lipoprotein
85
LLQ
left lower quadrant
86
LMP
last menstrual period; left mentoposterior position (cephalif presentation of fetus with chin pointing in this direction)
87
LP
lumbar puncture
88
LPN
licensed practical nurse
89
LUQ
left upper quadrant
90
mcg.
microgram
91
MCH
mean corpuscular hemoglobin- the hemoglobin content of the average red blood cell(RBC), calculated from the hemoglobin therein and the RBC count, in RBC indices.
92
MCHC
mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
93
MCV
mean corpuscular volume- the average volume of red cells, calculated from the hematocrit and the red cell count, in erythrocyte indices.
94
MPV
mean platelet volume- average size of platelets found in blood and is typically included in blood tests as part of the CBC
95
M.D.
medical doctor
96
MI
myocardial infarction
97
NPO
non per os or nil per os, nothing by mouth
98
NSAID
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, under drug, aspirin ibuprofen
99
OA
occpitoanterior position
100
OB
obstetrics - speciality of medicine concerned with care of women during pregnancy, parturition and the puerperium
101
OC
oral contraceptive
102
OD
right eye; Doctor of optometry, officer of the day, or overdose, or optic density
103
OR
operating room
104
Ortho
straight or erect (teeth bones)
105
OS
left eye
106
OU
eye
107
P
pupil/probability/protein/phosphorous
108
PAP
Papanicolaou smear
109
P.E.
pulmonary embolism
110
pH
symbol of negative decadic logarithm of H+ ion concentration
111
PKU
phenylketonuria - Autosomal recessively inherited inborn error of metabolism of phenylalanine characterized by deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase
112
PMN
polymorphonuclear lekocyte
113
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, postnasal drip
114
P.O.
per os. by mouth
115
poly
many
116
p.r.n.
L. pro re nata, as the occasion arises, as necessary
117
PT
phsyical therapy
118
P.T.
physical therapist
119
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
120
q. 2 hours
every 2 hours
121
qns
quantity not sufficient
122
RBC
red blood cell, red blood cell count
123
REM
rapid eye movements, under movement
124
RLQ
right lower quadrant (of abdomen)
125
R.N.
registered nurse
126
RNA
ribonucleic acid
127
ROM
range of motion
128
RUQ
right upper quadrant
129
Rx
prescription
130
SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus - an inflammatory connective tissue disease with variable features, frequently including fever, weakness and fatigability, joint pains or arthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis, diffuse erythematous skin lesions on the face, neck, or upper extremities, with liquefaction degeneration of the basal layer and epidermal atrophy, lymphadenopathy, pleurisy or pericarditis, glomerular lesions, anemia, hyperglobulinemia, and a positive LE cell test result, with serum antibodies to nuclear protein and sometimes to double-stranded DNA and other substances
131
SOB
shortness of breath
132
STD
sexually transmitted disease
133
TB
tuberculosis
134
TIA
transient ischemic attack
135
t.i.d.
times a day
136
tntc
too numerous to count
137
TPN
total parenteral nutrition - nutrition maintained entirely by central intravenous injection or other nongastrointestinal route.
138
TPR
total peripheral resistance - the total resistance to flow of blood in the systemic circuit; the quotient produced by dividing the mean arterial pressure by the cardiac minute-volume
139
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
140
UA
urinalysis
141
UGI
upper gastroinestinal series
142
URI
upper respiratory infection
143
UTI
urinary tract infection
144
UV
ultraviolet - denotating electromagnetic rays at higher frequence than the vilet end of visible spectrum
145
VA
ventriculoatrial
146
VLDL
very low desnity lipoprotein
147
VSD
ventricular septal defect
148
WBC
whice blood count
149
Wt.
weight
150
abduct/abductor
to move away from the median plane
151
adduct/ adductor
to move toward the median plane
152
afebrile
without fever
153
amniocentesis
transabdominal aspriation of fluid from amniotic sac
154
anaerobic
living without dioxygen
155
anesthesia
loss of bodily sensation resulting from pharmacologic depression of nerve function or from neurogenic
156
anesthetic
a drug that causes temporary loss of bodily sensations
157
angiogram
an X-ray representation of blood vessels made after the injection of a radiopaque substance
158
angioplasty
an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or unblock a coronary artery
159
antipyretic
any medicine that lowers body temperature to prevent or alleviate fever
160
aphasia
inability to use or understand language (spoken or written
161
appendectomy
surgical removal of the vermiform appendix
162
appendicitis
inflammation of the vermiform appendix
163
arteriosclerosis
sclerosis of the arterial walls
164
atrophy
a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse
165
bacteremia
transient presence of bacteria in circuting blood
166
biopsy
process of removing tissue from patients for diagnostic examination
167
bradycardia
abnormally slow heartbeat
168
carcinogenic
causing or tending to cause cancer
169
carcinoma
any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer
170
cardiologist
a specialist in cardiology; a specialist in the structure and function and disorders of the heart
171
cardiomegaly
an abnormal enlargement of the heart
172
cephalic
of or relating to the head
173
colostomy
a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus
174
cryptorchidism
failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops
175
cutaneous
relating to or existing on or affecting the skin
176
cyanosis
a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
177
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin; skin becomes itchy and may develop blisters
178
dermatologist
a doctor who specializes in the physiology and pathology of the skin
179
dermatome
he area of skin supplied by cutaneous branches of a single cranial or spinal nerve; neighboring dermatomes can overlap
180
diplopia
visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects
181
dysphagia
condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful
182
ectopic
Out of place; said of an organ not in its proper position, or of a pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus
183
edema
swelling from excessive accumulation of watery fluid in cells
184
electroencephalogram
a graphical record of electrical activity of the brain; produced by an electroencephalograph
185
emesis
the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth
186
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis' is no longer in scientific use
187
encephalotomy
diessction or incision of the brain
188
erythrocyte
a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus
189
erythrocytosis
increase in the number of circulating red cells above the gender-specific normal level.
190
euthyroid
normal thyroid function
191
excision
The act of cutting out; the surgical removal of part or all of a structure or organ.
192
hematemesis
vomiting blood
193
hemolysis
lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin
194
hemophilia
congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
195
hemophiliac
someone who has hemophilia and is subject to uncontrollable bleeding
196
hemorrhage
the flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel
197
hernia
rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes
198
histology
the branch of biology that studies the microscopic structure of animal or plant tissues
199
hyperglycemia
abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
200
hyperparathyroidism
excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis
201
hypersecretion
excessive secretion
202
hyperthermia
abnormally high body temperature; sometimes induced (as in treating some forms of cancer
203
hypocalcemia
abnormally low level of calcium in the blood; associated with hypoparathyroidism or kidney malfunction or vitamin D deficiency
204
hypoglycemia
abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet
205
hypopara- thyroidism
eficiency of parathyroid hormone in the body also : the resultant abnormal state marked by low serum calcium and a tendency to chronic tetany.
206
hyposecretion
production of a bodily secretion at an abnormally slow rate or in abnormally small quantities
207
hypothyroidism
an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones
208
incontinence
involuntary urination or defecation
209
inflammation
a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat
210
intradermal
relating to areas between the layers of the skin
211
intramuscular
within a muscle
212
intravenous
within or by means of a vein
213
leukemia
malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer
214
leukocyte
blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system
215
lipoma
a tumor consisting of fatty tissue
216
lithiasis
the formation of stones (calculi of biliart or urinary)
217
lithotripsy
The crushing of a stone in the renal pelvis, calyces, ureter, or bladder, by mechanical force, laser, or focused sound energy.
218
lumpectomy
surgical removal of a tumor without removing much of the surrounding tissue or lymph nodes; performed in some cases of breast cancer
219
lymphatic
of or relating to or produced by lymph
220
malabsorption
abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract
221
malignant
dangerous to health; characterized by progressive and uncontrolled growth (especially of a tumor
222
mammography
a diagnostic procedure to detect breast tumors by the use of X rays
223
mastectomy
surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor
224
mastitis
inflammation of a breast (or udder
225
melanoma
any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) malignant neoplasm, derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin
226
mononuclear
having only one nucleus
227
mucoid
any of several glycoproteins similar to mucin
228
mucus
protective secretion of the mucous membranes; in the gut it lubricates the passage of food and protects the epithelial cells; in the nose and throat and lungs it can make it difficult for bacteria to penetrate the body through the epithelium
229
necrosis
the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply
230
neonatology
that branch of pediatric medicine concerned with the newborn; the diagnosis and treatment of neonates
231
neoplasm
An abnormal tissue that grows by cellular proliferation more rapidly than normal and continues to grow after the stimuli that initiated the new growth cease. Neoplasms show partial or complete lack of structural organization and functional coordination with the normal tissue, and usually form a distinct mass of tissue that may be either benign
232
nephrotic
relating to, caused by, or similar to nephrosis
233
neural
of or relating to the nervous system
234
neuralgia
acute spasmodic pain along the course of one or more nerves
235
neurologist
a medical specialist in the nervous system and the disorders affecting it
236
neurosis
a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction
237
nullipara
a woman who has never borne a child
238
oophorosalphitis
inflammation of ovary and oviduct
239
hysterecomy
removal of the uterus
240
ophthalmic
of or relating to ophthalmology
241
ophthalmologist
a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the eye
242
ophthalmoscope
medical instrument for examining the retina of the eye
243
orthopnea
form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris
244
osteoarthritis
chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age
245
osteomalacia
abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D
246
otic/ otitis
relating to the ear
247
otoscope
medical instrument consisting of a magnifying lens and light; used for examining the external ear (the auditory meatus and especially the tympanic membrane
248
pathogenic
able to cause disease
249
peritoneal
of or relating to or affecting the peritoneum
250
pheresis
a procedure in which blood is drawn and separated into its components by dialysis; some are retained and the rest are returned to the donor by transfusion
251
phlebitis
inflammation of a vein (usually in the legs
252
photophobia
intolerance of light, abnormal fear of light
253
polydipsia
excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction
254
postpartum
occurring immediately after birth
255
prepartum
before child birth
256
prerenal
anterior to the kidney
257
primigravida
pre pregnancy
258
proteinuria
the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin
259
psychogenic
of or relating to the psychological cause of a disorder
260
ptosis
drooping of the upper eyelid caused by muscle paralysis and weakness
261
pyogenic
producing pus
262
pyromaniac
a person with a mania for setting things on fire
263
quadriplegic
a person who is paralyzed in both arms and both legs
264
sclerosis
any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue in intestines
265
subcutaneous
relating to or located below the epidermis
266
syndrome
combination of symptoms resulting from a single cause or commonly occuring together to constitute a clinical picture
267
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute
268
tonsillectomy
surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy
269
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils (especially the palatine tonsils
270
tracheostomy
operation to make an opening into the trachea
271
tracheotomy
operation of incising the trachea, usually intended to be temporary
272
tricuspid
having three cusps or points (especially a molar tooth) valve in heart on right side between atrium and ventricle
273
unilateral
involving only one part or side
274
xanthosis
A yellowish discoloration of degenerating tissues, especially seen in malignant neoplasms.
275
abrasion
an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
276
adrenal
either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney
277
anemia
a deficiency of red blood cells
278
anterior
In human anatomy, denoting the front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another, i.e., situated nearer the front part of the body.
279
anterolateral
in front and away from middle line
280
anteromedian
in front and in the central line
281
anteroposterior
in both front and rear
282
anterosuperior
in both front and above
283
antibody
any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes
284
anticoagulant
medicine that prevents or retards the clotting of blood
285
anuria
inability to urinate
286
ascites
accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
287
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelids characterized by redness and swelling and dried crusts
288
blepharospasm
spasm of the eyelid muscle resulting in closure of the eye
289
caudad
in a direction towards the tail;situated nearer the tail;
290
centrifuge
an apparatus that uses centrifugal force to separate particles from a suspension
291
cephalic
of or relating to the head
292
coagulation
the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid; clotting
293
contusion
an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration breaking capillaries of skin
294
cranial
of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain
295
dacryocystitis
inflammation of the lacrimal sac causing obstruction of the tube draining tears into the nose
296
dacryolithiasis
creation of dacryoliths: which are =\> Concretions found in the lacrimal apparatus, in the puncta or canaliculi which it may occlude. The concretions are usually composed of epithelial cells, lipid, nonspecific debris as well as calcium.
297
dactylography
study of fingerprints
298
distal
situated farthest from point of attachment or origin
299
dorsal
belonging to or on or near the back or upper surface of an animal or organ or part
300
erythropoietin
a glycoprotein secreted by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells
301
exocrine
a gland that secretes externally through a duct
302
hematuria
the presence of blood in the urine; often a symptom of urinary tract disease
303
hemodialysis
dialysis of the blood to remove toxic substances or metabolic wastes from the bloodstream; used in the case of kidney failure
304
homeostasis
state if equilibrium
305
hydrocephalus
an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain; in infants it can cause abnormally rapid growth of the head and bulging fontanelles and a small face; in adults the symptoms are primarily neurological
306
immunocompromised
unable to develop a normal immune response usually because of malnutrition or immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive therapy
307
immunodeficiency
immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced
308
incision
a depression scratched or carved into a surface
309
inferior
situated below or directed downward
310
interstitial
relating to spaces or interstices in any structure, tissue or organ but not body cavities
311
intracellular
located or occurring within a cell or cells
312
lacrimal
of or relating to tears, their secretion, the secretory glands, and the draining apparatus
313
lacrimation
secretion of tears, especially in excess
314
laparoscope
a slender endoscope inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall in order to examine the abdominal organs or to perform minor surgery
315
lateral
on the side, farther from the median
316
leukocytosis
an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia
317
leukopenia
an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count
318
lymph
a clear, transparent, sometimes faintly yellow and slightly opalescent fluid that is collected from the tissues throughout the body, flows in the lympathic vessels and is eventually added to the venous blood circulation
319
medial
nearer to the midline of the body
320
midsagittal plane
flat surface determined by the position of three points in space =\> obsolete term, please use median plane
321
mucolytic
capable of dissolving, digesting, or liquefying mucus
322
onychomycosis
very common fungus infections of the nails, causing thickening, roughness, and splitting often caused by trichophyton rubum
323
pallor
unnatural lack of color in the skin (as from bruising or sickness or emotional distress
324
peritoneum
a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera
325
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
326
phagocyte
a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms
327
plasma
the colorless watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells
328
platelets
tiny bits of protoplasm found in vertebrate blood; essential for blood clotting
329
posterior
denoting the back surface of the body
330
proximal
situated nearest to point of attachment or origin
331
retro
backward or behind
332
sialography
radiography of the salivary glands and ducts after the introduction of contrast medium in the ducts
333
thoracentesis
removal of fluid from the chest by centesis for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes
334
thoracic/thorax
relating to thorax, upper part of trunk between neck and the abdomen
335
thoracotomy
surgical incision into the chest walls opening up the pleural cavity
336
thrombopenia
a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood
337
thrombus
a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin
338
thrombosis
the formation or presence of a thrombus (a clot of coagulated blood attached at the site of its formation
339
umbilical
membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta; relating to the umbilicus
340
ventral
toward or on or near the belly (front of a primate or lower surface of a lower animal
341
arthritis / arthralgia
inflammation of a joint or state characterized by inflammation of the joint
342
arthrocentesis
removal of fluid from a joint by centesis / needle puncture
343
arthrodynia
pain in a joint
344
arthroscopy
a minimally invasive operation to repair a damaged joint; the surgeon examines the joint with an arthroscope while making repairs through a small incision
345
articulation
joint / joining or connecting together loosely to allow motion between parts
346
bursa
closed sac or envolope lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid usually found or formed in areas subject to friction
347
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa; frequently in the shoulder
348
carpal tunnel
the osseofibrous passage for the median nerve and flexor tendons
349
cerebrospinal
of or relating to the brain and spinal cord
350
cervical
relating to neck, cervix in any sense
351
chondrocostal
relating to costal cartilages or ribs
352
claudication
limping or walking with difficulty
353
facial
cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles
354
fascia
a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc
355
femoral
of or relating to or near the femur or thigh
356
fibula
the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
357
hematopoiesis
the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow
358
herniated
denoating any structure protruded through a hernial opening
359
hyperuricemia
enhanced blood concentration of uric acid
360
iliac
of or relating to the ilium
361
iliopubic
relating to iliopubic tract - thickened band of fibers curving over the external iliac vessels at the spot where they become femoral on the abdominal side of the inguinal ligaments
362
inguinal
of or relating to or near the groin
363
intercostal
muscles between the ribs; they contract during inspiration
364
intervertebral
pertaining to the space between two vertebrae
365
ischial
relating to or situated in the neighborhood of the ischium or hip
366
ischium
one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium
367
kyphosis
an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column
368
laminectomy
surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae
369
ligament
a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs
370
lumbar
relating to the loins, or part of the back and sides between the ribs and the pelvis
371
metacarpal
any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers
372
metacarpophalangeal
relating to the metacarpus and phalanges; denoting articulation between them
373
metatarsal
any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes
374
musculoskeletal
relating to muscles and skeleton
375
myalgia
pain in a muscle or group of muscles
376
myopathy
any abnormal condition or disease of the muscular tissues; commonly designates a disorder invovling skeletal muscle
377
orthopedics
the branch of medical science concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and joints
378
osteitis
inflammation of a bone as a consequence of infection or trauma or degeneration
379
osteochondritis
inflammation of a bone and its overlying articular cartilage
380
osteomyelitis
an inflammation of bone and bone marrow (usually caused by bacterial infection
381
osteoporosis
Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue; an age-related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and loss of normal skeletal microarchitecture, leading to increased susceptibility to fractures.
382
paraplegia
paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma
383
patellofemoral
of relation to the patella or femur
384
phalanges
any of the bones of the fingers or toes
385
polyarthritis
simultaneous inflammation of several joints
386
rheumatoid
of or pertaining to arthritis
387
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column
388
sesamoid
denoting a small nodular bone embedded in a tendon or joint capsule.
389
spondylarthritis
arthritis that affects one or more of the intervertebral joints in the spine
390
sprain
a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments
391
sternocostal
relating to sternum and the ribs
392
strain
to make an effort to limit of one's strength
393
subarachnoid
underneath the arachnoid membrane
394
substernal
deep to the sternum or below sternum
395
synovial
relating to or secreting synovia relating to limb joints
396
tarsal
relating to bones in the feet
397
tendon
a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment
398
tendonitis
inflammation of a tendon
399
thorax
the middle region of the body of an arthropod between the head and the abdomen
400
tibia
the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
401
ulnar
pertaining to the ulna or to the ulnar (medial) aspect of the upper limb as compared tothe radial (lateral) aspect.
402
vertebra
one of the bony segments of the spinal column
403
aneurysm
a cardiovascular disease characterized by a saclike widening of an artery resulting from weakening of the artery wall
404
angina pectoris
acute pain in the chest resulting from myocardial ischemia(decreased blood supply to the heart muscle); the condition has also been calledcardiac pain of effort and emotion because the pain is brought on by physical activityor emotional stress that places an added burden on the heart and increases the needfor blood being supplied to the myocardium. Some patients can predict the kinds ofevents that will precipitate an attack while others are unaware of any relationshipbetween onset of an attack and any particular situation in their lives.
405
angiography
roentgenographic examination of blood vessels after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium; produces an angiogram
406
angioma
a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
407
aortic
Relating to the aorta or the aortic orifice of the left ventricle of the heart
408
aortogram
The image or set of images resulting from aortography.
409
arrhythmia
Loss or abnormality of rhythm; denoting especially an irregularity of the heartbeat. See also entries under rhythm. Cf.: dysrhythmia.
410
arterial
relating to one or more arteries or the entire system of arteries
411
arteriole
one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries which causes the body to get rid of excess water
412
arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries; types generally recognized are: atherosclerosis, Mönckeberg arteriosclerosis, and arteriolosclerosis.
413
arteritis
inflammation of an artery
414
artery
a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
415
atria
any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart
416
atrioventricular
relating to or affecting the atria and ventricles of the heart
417
atrium
any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart
418
bicupid
having two cusps;
419
bypass
To create new flow from one structure to another through a diversionary channel. ; shunt or auxillary flow
420
capillaries
a tube of small internal diameter; holds liquid by capillary action
421
cardiomyopathy
Disease of the myocardium. As a disease classification, the term is used in several different senses, but is limited by the World Health Organization to: "Primary disease process of heart muscle in absence of a known underlying etiology" when referring to idiopathic cardiomyopathy.
422
cardiopulmonary
of or pertaining to or affecting both the heart and the lungs and their functions
423
cardiovascular
of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels
424
cardioversion
Restoration of the heart's rhythm to normal by electrical countershock or by medications (chemical cardioversion).
425
cerebrovascular
of or relating to the brain and the blood vessels that supply it
426
congenital
present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired during fetal development
427
coronary
Specifically, denoting the coronary blood vessels of the heart and, colloquially, coronary thrombosis.
428
cuspid
having but one cusp
429
defibrillation/defibrillator
The arrest of fibrillation of the cardiac muscle (atrial or ventricular) with restoration of the normal rhythm, if successful. / Any agent or measure, e.g., an electric shock, that arrests fibrillation of the ventricular muscle and restores the normal beat.
430
dysrhythmia
disturbence of rhythm such as brain waves or heartbeat
431
echocardiogram
a graphical image of the heart produced by an echocardiograph
432
echocardiography
a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that uses ultrasound to study to structure and motions of the heart
433
electrocardiogram
a graphical recording of the cardiac cycle produced by an electrocardiograph
434
electrocardiograph
medical instrument that records electric currents associated with contractions of the heart
435
embolus
a clot or other plug, usually part or all of a thrombus, brought by the blood from anothervessel and forced into a smaller one, thus obstructing circulation
436
endocarditis
inflammation of the endocardium and heart valves
437
fibrillation
muscular twitching involving individual muscle fibers acting without coordination
438
hemangioma
benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels; some appear as birthmarks
439
hemorrhoids
venous swelling external or internal to the anal sphincter
440
hyperlipidemia
presence of excess lipids in the blood
441
hypertension
a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater
442
hypertrophy
abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ
443
hypotension
abnormally low blood pressure
444
infarction
localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
445
ischemia
local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism
446
anoxia
severe hypoxia; absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues
447
anastomosis
a natural or surgical joining of parts or branches of tubular structures so as to make or become continuous
448
antitussive
any medicine used to suppress or relieve coughing
449
apnea
transient cessation of respiration
450
atelectasis
collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants) collapse of alveoli
451
bronchiectasis
Chronic dilation of bronchi or bronchioles as a sequel of inflammatory disease or obstruction often associated with heavy sputum production
452
bronchitis
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi.
453
bronchodilator
a drug that relaxes and dilates the bronchial passageways and improves the passages of air into the lungs
454
diaphragm
the musculomembranous partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.On its sides it is attached to the six lower ribs, at its front to the sternum, and at itsback to the spine. The esophagus, aorta, vena cava, and numerous nerves passthrough the diaphragm. When relaxed it is convex, but it flattens as it contracts duringinhalation, thereby enlarging the chest cavity and allowing for expansion of the lungs
455
dyspnea
difficult or labored respiration
456
endotracheal
within the trachea
457
hemopneumothorax
Accumulation of air and blood in the pleural cavity.
458
hyperpnea
increased rate and depth of breathing
459
hypoxia
Breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest.
460
laryngitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx; characterized by hoarseness or loss of voice and coughing
461
laryngoscopy
inspection of the larynx by means of larngoscope
462
lobectomy
surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body (as the lung or brain
463
orotracheal
pertaining to mouth and trachea
464
orthopnea
form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris
465
pharyngitis
inflammation of the fauces and pharynx
466
pneumohemothorax
Accumulation of air and blood in the pleural cavity.
467
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lungs; caused by a virus or an allergic reaction
468
pneumothorax
abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest
469
rhinitis
an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose (usually associated with nasal discharge
470
rhinoplasty
Reconstructive or cosmetic surgery of the nose to correct form or function.
471
rhinorrhea
persistent watery mucus discharge from the nose (as in the common cold
472
tracheostomy
a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes
473
nasotracheal
pertaining to nose and trachea
474
tachypnea
very rapid respirations, seen especially in high fever when the body attempts to rid itselfof excess heat. The rate of respiration increases at a ratio of about eight breaths perminute for every degree Celsius above normal. Other causes include pneumonia,compensatory respiratory alkalosis as the body tries to “blow off” excess carbon dioxide,respiratory insufficiency, lesions in the respiratory control center of the brain, andsalicylate poisoning.
475
abscess
symptom consisting of a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
476
asepsis
A condition in which living pathogenic organisms are absent; a state of sterility
477
aspiration
Removal, by suction, of a gas, fluid, or tissue from a body cavity or organ from unusual accumulations, or from a container.
478
bacteriostatic
inhibiting or retarding the multiplication of bacteria.
479
bulla
A fluid-filled blister greater than 1 cm in diameter appearing as a circumscribed area of separation of the epidermis from the subepidermal structure (subepidermal bulla) or as a circumscribed area of separation of epidermal cells (intraepidermal bulla) caused by the presence of serum, or occasionally by an injected substance.
480
cellulitis
Cellulitis is a spreading bacterial infection just below the skin surface. It is mostcommonly caused by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus.
481
contusion
an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration
482
debridement
surgical removal of foreign material and dead tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing
483
furuncle
A localized pyogenic infection, most frequently by Staphylococcus aureus, originating deep in a hair follicle.
484
hematoma
a localized swelling filled with blood
485
icterus
yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin
486
ichthyosis
any of several hereditary skin conditions characterized by the appearance ofdry, hyperkeratotic skin that closely resembles fish scales. The condition developsshortly after birth, but an acquired, uncommon type that accompanies multiplemyeloma or lymphoma may develop in adults. In some conditions, lactic acid orbath oils may provide temporary relief from symptoms.
487
induration
any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
488
integument
an outer protective covering such as the skin of an animal or a cuticle or seed coat or rind or shell
489
keloid
raised pinkish scar tissue at the site of an injury; results from excessive tissue repair
490
macule
a patch of skin that is discolored but not usually elevated; caused by various diseases
491
nodule
a small node in the skin of up to 1.0 cm in diameter, solid, with palpable depth; a pulmonary or pleural lesion seen on a radiograph image
492
papule
A circumscribed, solid elevation up to 1 cm in diameter on the skin. A papule may be pedunculated, sessile, or filiform.
493
pediculosis
infestation with lice (Pediculus humanus
494
petechiae
a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever
495
plaque
A patch or small differentiated area on a body surface (e.g., skin, mucosa, or arterial endothelium) or on the cut surface of an organ such as the brain; in skin, a circumscribed, elevated, superficial, and solid area exceeding 1 cm in diameter.
496
pustule
A circumscribed, superficial elevation of the skin, up to 1 cm in diameter, containing purulent material.
497
sebaceous
Relating to sebum; oily; fatty.
498
sebum
the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands; with perspiration it moistens and protects the skin
499
ulcer
a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue
500
urticaria
an itchy skin eruption characterized by weals with pale interiors and well-defined red margins; usually the result of an allergic response to insect bites or food or drugs
501
vesicle
a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid
502
xerosis
Pathologic dryness of the skin (xeroderma), the conjunctiva (xerophthalmia), or mucous membranes.
503
adenoma
a benign epithelial tumor of glandular origin
504
agoraphobia
a morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place
505
akinesia
motionlessness attributable to a temporary paralysis ; Absence or loss of the power of voluntary movement, due to an extrapyramidal disorder.
506
analgesic
a medicine used to relieve pain
507
cephalalgia
pain in the head caused by dilation of cerebral arteries or muscle contractions or a reaction to drugs
508
craniotomy
a surgical opening through the skull
509
exophoria
Tendency of the eyes to deviate outward when fusion is suspended.
510
euthyroid
having a normally functioning thyroid gland.
511
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeball from the socket
512
goiter
abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from underproduction or overproduction of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet
513
ophthalmology
the branch of medicine concerned with the eye and its diseases
514
polyphagia
having a normally functioning thyroid gland.
515
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
516
hyperinsulinism
Increased levels of insulin in the plasma due to increased secretion of insulin by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets; decreased hepatic removal of insulin is a cause in some patients, although hyperinsulinism usually is associated with insulin resistance and is commonly found in obesity in association with varying degrees of hyperglycemia.
517
hyperopia
abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects
518
hyperthyroidism
an overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones
519
hypoglycemia
abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet
520
albuminuria
the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin
521
anorexia
a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite
522
antiemetic
a drug that prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting
523
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain
524
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gall bladder
525
choledochal
relating to common bile duct
526
choledocholithiasis
Presence of a stone in the common bile duct.
527
cholelithiasis
Presence of concretions in the gallbladder or bile ducts.
528
cholestasis
a condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed
529
colonoscopy
Visual examination of the inner surface of the colon by means of a colonoscope.
530
diverticulitis
inflammation of a diverticulum in the digestive tract (especially the colon
531
dyspepsia
a disorder of digestive function characterized by discomfort or heartburn or nausea
532
emetics
a medicine that induces nausea and vomiting
533
hiatal hernia
Protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues normally containing it.
534
hepatotoxic
toxic to the liver
535
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
536
amenorrhea
absence or suppression of normal menstrual flow
537
antepartum
occurring or existing before birth
538
conization
Excision of a cone of tissue, e.g., mucosa of the cervix uteri.
539
contraceptive
an agent or device intended to prevent pregnancy
540
dysmenorrhea
painful menstruation
541
hysterectomy
surgical removal of the uterus
542
implantation
Attachment of the blastocyst to the endometrium, and its subsequent embedding in the compact layer, occurring 6-7 days after fertilization of the oocyte in humans.
543
laparotomy
surgical incision into the abdominal wall; often done to examine abdominal organs
544
menopause
the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends
545
menorrhagia
abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged
546
menses
the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause
547
menstruation
the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause
548
metrorrhagia
bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation; usually indicative of disease (as cervical cancer
549
oophorectomy
surgical removal of one of both ovaries
550
orchidectomy
surgical removal of one or both testicles
551
orchiditis
inflammation of testes
552
orchiopexy
operation to bring an undescended testicle into the scrotum
553
prenatal
occurring or existing before birth
554
prostatitis
inflammation of the prostate gland characterized by perineal pain and irregular urination and (if severe
555
salpingitis
inflammation of a Fallopian tube (usually the result of infection spreading from the vagina or uterus
556
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina (usually associated with candidiasis
557
vasectomy
surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization
558
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters
559
cystoscopy
The inspection of the interior of the bladder by means of a cystoscope.
560
cystourethrogram
a radiograph produced by cystourethrography. : radiography of the urinary bladder and urethra. chain cystourethrography that in which a sterile beaded metal chain is introduced via a modified catheter into the bladder and urethra; used in evaluating anatomical relationships of the bladder and urethra.
561
diuresis
increased secretion of urine; if not due to increased liquid intake or to the action of a diuretic drug it can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus
562
diuretic
any substance that tends to increase the flow of urine ; Promoting excretion of urine
563
enuresis
inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination
564
glomerulonephritis
nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema
565
glycosuria
presence of abnormally high sugar in the urine
566
nephrolithiasis
the presence of kidney stones ; Presence of renal calculi.
567
nephromalacia
Softening of the kidneys.
568
nephrotoxic
toxic to the kidney ; toxic to renal cells
569
oliguria
abnormally small production of urine; can be a symptom of kidney disease or obstruction of the urinary tract or edema or an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes in the body
570
polyuria
renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes
571
pyelogram
radiograph or series of radiographs of renal pelvis and ureter, injection of contrast medium
572
pyuria
presence of white blood cells or pus in the urine; symptom of urinary tract infection
573
proteinuria
the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin
574
renal
of or relating to the kidneys
575
uremia
An excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood.
