Medical Terminology Flashcards

Question

Cardi/o

Answer 1

heart ex: endocarditis, myocarditis, pericardiitis (inflammation of the lining, muscle layer, outer layer of the heart)

Answer 2

Slow/Fast ex: Bradycardia (rate<60) Tachycardia (rate >100)

Answer 3

vessel | ex: Angiography, angiogram (X-ray of artery)

Answer 4

Vein ex: venogram (x-ray of veins) phlebitis (inflammation of the veins)

Answer 5

to stop ex:hemostasis (to stop bleeding) hemostat (a clamp-like instrument

Answer 6

cell ex: Erythrocytes, leukocytes (red and white blood cells)

Answer 7

blood ex: hypoxemia (low oxygen) hematosalpinx (blood in the uterine tubes)

Answer 8

to make a mouth ex: colostomy ( to make a permanent opening in colon

Answer 9

to cut into ex: tracheotomy (to cut into the windpipe, temporary opening)

Answer 10

without, none ex: anemia (literally no blood but means red blood cells

Answer 11

heat ex: thermometer (measuring heat) hypothermia (less heat)

Answer 12

small ex: microstomia (abnormally small mouth

Answer 13

Large ex: macrocolon (abnormally large mouth)

Answer 14

inflammation of ex: conjunctivitis pain, redness, heat and swelling

Answer 15

damage, disease

Answer 16

enlarged ex: megacolon (abnormally large colon=large instestine)

Answer 17

abnormal condition cyanosis (blueness due to cold and low oxygen

Answer 18

to cut out (remove) ex:appendectomy

Answer 19

to look, observe ex: colonscopy (look into colon)

Answer 20

recording an image ex: mammography (imaging the breast) recorded with pen and moving paper

Answer 21

the image ex: electrocardiogram

Answer 22

study, specialize in ex: cardiologist, nephrologist (study the heart, the kidneys)

Answer 23

mouth ex: stomatitis

Answer 24

teeth ex: dentist

Answer 25

tongue ex:glossitis, lingual nerve

Answer 26

gums ex: gingivitis

Answer 27

brain ex: encephalitis

Answer 28

stomach ex: gastritis

Answer 29

instestine ex: gastroenteritis

Answer 30

large intestine ex: colitis, megacolon

Answer 31

anus/ rectum ex: proctitis, proctologist

Answer 32

liver ex: hepatitis, hepatomegaly

Answer 33

kidney ex: nephrosis, renal artery

Answer 34

testis ex: orchiditis, orchidectomy

Answer 35

ovary ex: oophorectomy

Answer 36

uterus ex:hysterctomy, endometritis

Answer 37

uterine tubes ex: hysterosalpingogram

Answer 38

skin ex: dermatits

Answer 39

breast ex: mammography, mastectomy

Answer 40

bones ex: osteoporosis

Answer 41

bladder ex: cystitis

Answer 42

nose ex: rhinitis (runny nose)

Answer 43

veins ex: phlebitis, phlebotomy

Answer 44

lung ex: pneumonitis, pulmonolgist

Answer 45

blood hematologist, anemia

Answer 46

tissue sample

Answer 47

blockage of blood flow resulting in tissue death

Answer 48

hardening of the fatty stuff

Answer 49

a falling forward

Answer 50

leakage and backward flow

Answer 51

abnormally narrow

Answer 52

pain in the chest crushing vise-like S+S: shortness of breath, fatigue and nausea Tx: Nitroglycerine-->increase blood flow to heart.

Answer 53

No rhythm or abnormal

Answer 54

"not quite enough blood" | heart muscle is not getting enough blood flow.

Answer 55

Physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, especially the heart. cardiovascular surgeon performs surgery.

Answer 56

A printout recording of the electrical activity of the heart.

Answer 57

using ultra high frequency sound waves (beyond human hearing) similar to "sonar" to form an image of the inside of the heart. this can detect valve damage, congenital (before birth) defects and other abnormailites.

Answer 58

A long hollow tube, a catheter can be threaded into an artery in the heart. Dye is then realeased into the blood flow through the heart to identify a blockage using X-ray.

Answer 59

specially trained nurse or technician draws blood and may also start IV's cutting into a vein"

Answer 60

head ex: cephalgia ( a headache)

Answer 61

inside the head (brain) ex: ecephalitis ( inflammation of the brain) anencephalic ( born without a brain)

Answer 62

membranes surrounging the brain and spinal cord ex: meningitis (inflammation of the membranes)

Answer 63

spinal cord ex: myelogram (X-ray of the spinal cord)

Answer 64

nerve ex: neuroma (tumor) neuritis (inflammation)

Answer 65

difficult, painful, abnormal ex: dyslexia (difficulty reading)

Answer 66

hernia, abnormal protrusion of structure out of normal anatomical position

Answer 67

disease, abnormality ex: encephalopathy (disease of the brain) neuropathy (disease of the nerves)

Answer 68

development, formation, growth ex: aplasia (no development) hyperplasia (over development)

Answer 69

paralysis ex: Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) Quadriplegia (paralysis of all four limbs)

Answer 70

"many hardenings" a disease of unknown cause that manifests as multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the insulating of the insulating layer of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system. Loss of insulation allows "short circuiting" of nerve impluses. Depending upon where the degeneration occurs patient may suffer paralysis, sensory disturbances or blindness

Answer 71

AKA Stroke. A blood vessel in the brain may burst causing internal bleeding. A clot may arise in the brain blood vessel (thrombus) Or arise elsewhere (embolus) and travel to get stuck in a brain vessel which then deprives brain tissue of O2 S+S: paralysis, loss of speech, or loss of vision.

Answer 72

Ischemic-"not quite enough blood". A short period of insufficient blood supply to the brain can have the same S+S as a stroke such as weakness in an arm, a partial loss of vision, but only lasts for less than 24 hours. people who get TIA's are at greater risk for having a stroke in the future.

Answer 73

Greek "seizure", convulsions. Seizures may have many causes and not all are epilepsy. High fevers in children may trigger seizures which are short in duration, easily controlled, and typically, have no permanent after effects. Epilepsy is a specific conditon which may occur at any age, seizures are more intense, longer lasting in duration, and recur with some frequency. The condition may be controlled with medication, or if unresponsive to drugs, may require surgery.

Answer 74

Loss of speech. The speech centers are located on the left side of the brain in a majority of people. If someone suffers a stroke (CVA), or traumatic brain injury, and it involves the left side of the brain, they may suffer speech impediments that vary over a spectrum of problems from difficulty in finding the right word, speaking slowly and with difficulty, or complete loss of speech. Two speech centers. Motor speech area, the area of the brain that produces language by intergrating thoughts of speech with the movements of the larynx, lips, and tongue. The receptive or sensory area- the receptive or sensory area- enables us to understand speech. The individual does not understand what they are hearing.

Answer 75

A physician specializing in diseases of the brain, spinal cords and nerves. Neurologists do not do surgery.

Answer 76

introducing a needle between the lower bony vertebrae of our spinal column allows a physican to sample the fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Lab tests on the fluid are used for diagnostic purposes such as presence of bacteria in meningitis, special proteins in multiple sclerosis, or blood cells

Answer 77

introducing a radioactive element into the blood can image possible tumors in the brain. The radioactive dose is very low and detachable only with special, very sensitive instruments that are much more sophisticated than the old Geiger counters.

Answer 78

a written recording of the brain''s electrical activity. EEGs are used to diagnose different types of seizure disorders such as epilepsy, brain tumors, and are used in sleep studies.

Answer 79

A specialized X-ray machine that takes multiple images of a body area from different angles and has a computer that integrates the multiple images into "slices" of the body. The resolution is so much better than standard X-rays and there is better differentiation of types of tissue (bone, air, solid organ)

Answer 80

Although the image produces the "slices" through the body seen by CT, no X-rays are involved. The patient's body is placed in a strong magnetic field. Radio pulse affect the resonance or "spin" of atoms in the tissues. A computer analyzes this information to show subtle differences in tissue molecular structure producing very high resolution and better differntiation of soft tissue, such as a tumor within the liver.

Answer 81

stomach ex: gastitis, gastrectomy

Answer 82

liver ex: hepatitis (inflammation of), hepatoma ( tumor of )

Answer 83

gall, bile ex: cholecystitis, cholecystectomy (inflammation of, removal of gallbladder)

Answer 84

bladder, sac ex: cholecystectomy (removal of gallbladder)

Answer 85

emesis ( vomiting), emetic (stimulating vomiting) antiemetic ( stop vomiting)

Answer 86

stone ex: cholelithotomy (removal of gallstones)

Answer 87

abdominal wall ex: laparotomy (cutting into the abdomen)

Answer 88

to puncture ex: abdominocentesis (puncturing and draining)

Answer 89

to crush ex: cholelitotripsy (smashing gallstones with sound waves)

Answer 90

flow, discharge ex: diarrhea

Answer 91

abnormal condition ex: cholelithiasis (presence of gallstones causing symptoms)

Answer 92

Severe "heartburn" weakness of the valve between the esophagus and stomach may allow stomach acid to refulx ( regurgitate, backup) into the esophagus and irritate and inflame the lining. This results in chest pain which can mimic that of angina ( pain of cardiac ischemia or an MI)

Answer 93

yellow in French yellowing of skin and whites of the eyes from a back up of bile metabolic by-products from the blood into body tissues. May result from blockage of the ducts draining bile from the liver into the intestines or excessive breakdown of red blood cells. Hemoglobin from destroyed RBCs is broken down and ends up in bile secretions.

Answer 94

small pouches may form along the walls of the large inestine called diverticuli which if symptomatic, causing discomfort to the patient, is called diverticulosis. These abnormal outpocketings may collect and not be able to empty fecal material which can lead to inflammation, diverticulitis.

Answer 95

literally, orange-yellow A degenerative disease of the liver that often develops in chronic alcholics, but can have other causes. The name refers to a gross appearance of the organ.

Answer 96

A potential complication of chronic alcoholism resulting in liver damage and obstruction of venous blood flow through the liver. The rising blood pressure in the veins between the gastrointestinal tract and liver causes engorgement of veins around the umblicus (navel). The characteristic radiating pattern of veins is called a "caput medusae (head of medusa).

Answer 97

bulging, engorged veins in the walls of the esophagus are often a complication of chronic alcoholism. The thin-walled, swollen veins are at risk of tearing resulting in severe, possibly fatal bleeding.

Answer 98

Difficulty swallowing. May be related to GERD, esophageal tumor or other causes.

Answer 99

A chronic inflammatory disease primarily of the bowel. Typical symptons are abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea. There may also be rectal bleeding that can lead to anemia. Special X-rays and tests are needed to differentiate Crohn's from other diseases with similar symptoms.

Answer 100

Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity. Before antibiotics, people would die from peritonitis if an inflammed appendix burst. Indications of peritonitis are called "peritoneal signs": tender abdomen, rebound pain(pain when pressure is released) , board-like rigidity of abdominal muscles, no bowel sounds (gurgles). The peritoneal membrane is very sensitive to exposure to foreign substances. Contact with blood, bile, urine, pus will cause peritoneal signs.

Answer 101

A physician specializing in diseases of the digestive system including esophagus, stomach and intestines. They do not do surgery--> general surgeon.

Answer 102

A physician specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus. Proctology is a surgical subspecialty.

Answer 103

a special chemical test to identify blood in the stool (feces). Blood in the stool may have many causes including cancer and hemorrhoids

Answer 104

a series of X-rays of the esophagus and stomach and small intestines having the patient swallow barium. Barium is opaque (blocks X-rays). This procedure may be used to identify problems with swallowing, stomach ulcers, twisting of the small inestines.

Answer 105

a series of X-rays using a barium enema to show the large intestine and rectum. This procedure can be used to identify problems such as diverticulosis, and tumors.

Answer 106

use of flexible fiberoptic instrument attached to a video camera that can be used to directly visualize the esophagus, stomach and large bowel. Special names may be used for each area explored such as colonoscopy.

Answer 107

a procedure using high frequency sound waves to visualize internal organs. Primarily used to visualize abdominal and pelvic organs, such as the pregnant uterus.

Answer 108

surgical removal of the gallbladder, typically in conjunction with removal of gallstones.

Answer 109

nonsurgical removal of gallstones by smashing them with high-frequency sound waves

Answer 110

surgical removal of gallstones

Answer 111

the presence of stones in the gallbladder

Answer 112

inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 113

Unfortunately, this procedure is no longer done because of the complications (the "sludge" formed had no easy anatomical way out of the body causing pancreatitis). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy involving small abdominal incisions, fewer days in the hospital, the lower cost than "open" surgery is the procedure of choice today.

Answer 114

nose ex: Rhinitis, rhinorrhea (inflammation of and "runny" nose)

Answer 115

larynx, "voice box" ex: laryngotomy (cutting into) laryngectomy (surgically removing the larynx)

Answer 116

Trachea, "windpipe" ex:Tracheotomy (temporary opening) Tracheostomy (permanent openings)

Answer 117

Lung air passageways ex: Bronchoscopy (looking into the bronchi)

Answer 118

breath, air, lung ex: Tachypnea (accelerated) Dyspnea (difficult/painful) Apnea (cessation of breathing)

Answer 119

lung ex: pulmonary artery

Answer 120

spitting (coughing) ex: Hemoptysis (spitting and coughing up blood from lungs)

Answer 121

reconstruction rhinoplasty (surgical reconstruction of nose)

Answer 122

literally, "an abnormal condition of dust in the lungs" vffxx A genetic name for conditions where toxic particles become trapped in the lungs and cause symptoms and disability such as "black lung" or "miner's lung" disease. Terms specific to the particulate matter may be given such as asbestosis.

Answer 123

an inheritable disease that affects not only the lungs but other systems producing muscous such as the digestive system. Patients suffer frequent lung infections that are hard to treat because mucous is thick and sluggish and result in increased scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs. They also take multiple enzyme pills because of digestive abnormalities related to abnormal mucous production.

Answer 124

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, of which emphysema is one of, results in progressive destruction of the air sacs in the lungs and loss of respiratory membranes for oxygen exchange. The bane of long term smokers.

Answer 125

a collapsed lung. Literally, "an imperfect expansion" in Greek

Answer 126

A physician specializing in disease of the lungs.Pts needing surgery are referred to a general surgeon.

Answer 127

a specially trained technician who administers, among other Tx, inhalation therapy to patients with lung disease.

Answer 128

special X-rays of the vessels of the lungs.

Answer 129

visual examination of the larynx.

Answer 130

passing a special air-tube into the trachea so oxygen can be reliably supplied directly to the lungs without risk of inhaling vomit from the stomach. Typically done for surgery or whenever general anesthesia is administered among other situations where the patient's airway must be secured.

Answer 131

kidney ex: Nephritis renal artery

Answer 132

water ex: Hydronephrosis (abnormal condition involving back up of urine into the kidney)

Answer 133

Bladder ex: cystitis (inflammation of) cystectomy (removal of bladder)

Answer 134

renal collecting ducts ex: Pyelogram (X-ray of the collecting ducts)

Answer 135

urine ex: polyuria (frequent urination) anuria (no urine formation)

Answer 136

Scanty, less than normal ex: Oliguria (reduced urine formation)

Answer 137

to surgically reattach, fix in normal position ex: Nephropexy (surgically attach kidney in normal anatomical position)

Answer 138

a noninflammatory disease of kidneys.

Answer 139

kidney stone

Answer 140

inflammation of the urethra, the final pathway for urine in both sexes, and the common pathway for urine and semen in the male

Answer 141

frequently getting up and urinating during the night.

Answer 142

involuntary release of urine, most often in reference to "bedwetting"

Answer 143

Kidney specialist

Answer 144

A physician specializing in the genitourinary tract, which includes kidneys, urinary bladder and uretha of both men and women and the prostate and testes in men.

Answer 145

Looking into the urinary bladder with a fiberoptic instrument

Answer 146

special X-rays showing the drainage pattern of the kidneys. A dye opaque to X-rays is injected into a vein. After waiting a period for the blood and dye to pass through the kidneys, X-rays can be taken of the collecting system of the kidney, ureter and bladder.

Answer 147

a dye opaque to X-rays is flushed backwards up the urethra and bladder and up the urethers to the kidneys.

Answer 148

an imaging technique (X-ray) displaying the urethra and bladder while urinating!

Answer 149

a procedure for cleansing the blood of waste products in individuals with complete kidney failure or who have had kidneys removed by surgery. With the in-hospital procedure, the patient's blood is circulated through a machine that removes waste products. The blood is recirculated back into the patient.

Answer 150

Crushing kidney stones with sound waves. Unlike cholelithotripsy (crushing of gallstones), which is no longer done, the sludge from crushing the kidney stones has an easy direct pathway out of the body (down the ureter to the bladder and out the urethra). Nephrolithtripsy is an elective procedure that may spare a patient surgery.

Answer 151

testes (male gonads) ex: Orchiditis, orchidectomy, testicular artery, testosterone (male sex hormone)

Answer 152

Head of the penis ex: balanitis

Answer 153

Male Androgenic (stimulating maleness) androgynous (characterisics of male and female appearance)

Answer 154

prostate ex: prostatitis, prostatectomy

Answer 155

Vessel, duct ex: vas deferens (duct carrying semen from testes Vasectomy (cutting the duct)

Answer 156

to suture ex: herniorrhaphy (surgical correction of inguinal hernia)

Answer 157

literally "below the fleshy spike." A condition in which the external urinary meatus (opening) opens anywhere below the tip of the penis rather than at the tip.

Answer 158

a fluid filled sac partially surrounding the testis. Manifests itself as a swelling on the side of the scrotum. May cause discomfort. Can be surgically corrected. And, who would most likely be doing the surgery? the urologist.

Answer 159

dilated and twisted veins of the testis, sort of "hemorrhoids" of the scrotum! Manifests itself as a swelling on the side of the scrotum which may look and feel like a "bag of worms." May be surgically corrected if causing discomfort. This condition may also cause reduced sperm count and male sterility due to sluggish blood flow elevating testicular temperature.

Answer 160

literally "hidden testicle." A condition of lack of descent of one or both testes into the scrotum. If not corrected, usually by surgery, before puberty, can lead to sterility and increased risk of testicular cancer.

Answer 161

swelling of the prostate gland which surrounds the base of the male bladder and ureathra causing difficulty urinating, dribbling, and nocturia. The bane of old men! BPH becomes more common as men age.

Answer 162

the surgical cure for BPH. An instrument inserted through the penile uretha is used to partially cut away the prostate to relieve obstruction of the urinary tract.

Answer 163

PSA is a marker protein for prostate cell secretions which can be detected with a lab test. A rising PSA may be an early sign of prostate cancer, although there may be other causes including false positive tests. How often should men get a PSA test?

Answer 164

membrane surrounding entrance of vagina ex: hymen- greek god of marriage

Answer 165

A chemical purported to stimulate sexual desire ex: aphrodite- greek goddess of love

Answer 166

A sexually transmitted infectious disease. Venus-the Roman goddess of love

Answer 167

A condition where both ovarian and testicular tissue are found in the same individual. ex: hermaphroditus-the offspring of Hermes and Aphrodite who looked female but had male genitalia.

Answer 168

A continious, painful erection ex: priapus-the Roman god of male potency.

Answer 169

A condition of compulsive sexual desire in men.

Answer 170

uterus ex: hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) endometritis (inflammation of the lining of the uterus)

Answer 171

uterine tube ex: salpingitis (inflammation of the uterine tubes) hematosalpinx (blood in the uterine tube)

Answer 172

Vagina ex: Colporrhaphy ( suturing a tear) Colpoplasty (vaginal surgical reconstruction) colposcopy ( viewing the interior)

Answer 173

Ovary ex: oophorectomy ( removal of the ovary) oophoropexy ( surgery fixation of the ovary)

Answer 174

menstruation ex: menarche (first) dysmenorrhea (painful menstration

Answer 175

Breast ex: mammogram (breast image) mastectomy (breast removal)

Answer 176

intercourse ex: dyspareunia (painful intercourse) precoital, postcoital (before and after intercourse)

Answer 177

A condition involving colonization of the abdominal/pelvic cavity with islands of endometrial tissue. Endometrium is the lining layer of the uterus which sloughs off with each menstration. If endometrial tissue flushes up the uterine tube and spills into the abdomen (peritoneal cavity), the clots of endometrial tissue can attach to abdominal organs such as the bladder, rectum, instestinal loops and then cycle along with the uterus in response to monthly changes in ovarian hormones. Bleeding into the abdomen irritates the lining membrane, the peritoneum, and causes abdominal pain.

Answer 178

although males have a closed abdominal cavity, the female abdominal cavity has a direct anatomical path from the outside world via the female reproductive tract. Bacteria can make their way up to the vagina, through the uterus, and traverse the uterine tubes which open into the abdominal cavity. Inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity, the peritoneum, causes abdominal pain. Although there are many potential causes of PID, gonorrheaal infection is onw of them.Chronic inflammation of the uterine tubes can occlude them resulting in infertility.

Answer 179

the uterus is almost directly above the vagina. In fact, the cervix, the neck region, of the uterus extends into the upper vagina. Ligaments hold the uterus in proper position so that it does not prolaps or herniate into the vagina. Severe prolapse can result in the uterine cervix protruding from the vaginal opening. Surgical repair is typically required to restore the uterus to its proper anatomical positon.

Answer 180

literally "midwife" in latin. A phsyician specializing in the diagnosis and management of pregnancy and delivering babies.

Answer 181

a physician specializing in diseases of the female reproductive system and surgery of this area. Most physicians currently specialize in combined practice of OB/GYN

Answer 182

A surgical procedure cutting into the perineal area, the area between the vagina and the anus in order to prevent tearing of tissues when the baby's head traverses the vaginal opening.

Answer 183

special X-ray of the uterus and uterine tubes involving passing opaque dye backwards up through the uterus to determine if the tubes are patent. Since the tubes are open into the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity, if patent, dye should spill out of the end of the tubes and be manifest on the X-ray.

Answer 184

using a magnifying instrument to inspect the interior of the vagina and cervix, the entrance to the uterus.

Answer 185

dialting the cervix, the entrance into the uterus, and passing instruments that enable scraping off superficial layers of the endometrium. May be done as an early therapeutic abortion, or following a normal pregnancy to remove residual tissue remaning in the uterus, or may be done as a diagnostic procedure to examine lining tissue of the uterus.

Answer 186

surgical reconstruction of the breast may involve breast enlargement or reduction or cosmetic reconstruction after mastectomy. What are the risk factors of developing breast cancer?

Answer 187

An anesthetic administered to block sensation around the lower vagina and perineum. This facilitates performing an episotomy allowing passage of the baby's head while avoiding uncontrolled tearing of tissues. By the way, pudendal, an ancient name for external genitalia, menas "that which should be ashamed of" in Latin. Even Adam and Eve wore fig leaves.

Answer 188

pregnancy ex: Nulligravida (never pregnant) primigravida (first-time pregnant) multigravida (many pregnancies)

Answer 189

live birth ex: nullipara (no live births) multipara (many live births)

Answer 190

Labor/birth/delivery ex: prepartum (before delivery) postpartum (after delivery) dystocia (difficult delivery)

Answer 191

(Latin, "breaking off") Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta before full term. Occurs in only about 1% of preganancies. However, it has a 20-40% fetal mortality rate and is a significant contributor to maternal mortality.

Answer 192

(Latin, "leading the way") A placenta implanted over the cervical region of the uterus blocking the entrance to the birth canal. Occurs in less than one percent of pregnancies, but can cause significant bleeding and require a complicated delivery.

Answer 193

(toxemia of pregnancy)- a serious and life threatening condtion that may develop during pregnancy involving hypertension, convolusions and coma. A less severe form, preeclampsia, may develop but can be managed if identified and treated early.

Answer 194

(Greek, "out of place") A pregnancy implanted anywhere outside of the uterus. The uterine tube (fallipian tube) is the most common location, also called a "tubal pregnancy". The abdominal cavity is the least common location. Occurs in about 2% of pregnancies. When it occurs, it is a surgical emergency, because the uterine tube cannot sustain tremendous expansion like the uterus. Eventually, the uterine tube will rupture with severe, possibly fatal, hemorrhaging.

Answer 195

Bone ex: Osteitis (bone inflammation) Osteoma (bone swelling) Osteocyte (bone cells)

Answer 196

cartilage ex: chondritis (cartilage inflammtion) chondtroma (cartilage swelling ) chondrocyte ( cartilage cell)

Answer 197

Joint ex: arthritis (joint inflammation) arthroplasty ( reconstruction of the joint)

Answer 198

bone marrow ex: myeloma (bone marrow swelling)

Answer 199

tendon (binds muscle to bone) ex: tendonitis (inflammation of the tendon) tenorrhaphy (suturing of the tendon)

Answer 200

ligament (binds bone to bone) ex: ligamentous injury

Answer 201

bursa, "bag", sac (shock absorber between tendons and bones) ex: bursitis (inflammation of the bursa)

Answer 202

Muscle ex: myoma (muscle swelling) myositis (inflammation of the muscle)

Answer 203

softening ex: osteomalacia (bone softening) Chondromalacia (softening of the cartilage)

Answer 204

porous ex: osteoporosis (porous bone condition)

Answer 205

weakness, loss of strength ex: myasthenia gravis (weakness, loss of strength in the muscle)

Answer 206

development, stimulation, maintenance ex: atrophy (shriveling of muscles) hypertrophy (increase in size and strength of muscles)

Answer 207

pain ex: myalgia ( muscle pain) arthralgia (joint pain) analgesia (take away pain)

Answer 208

As we age, our joint tissues become less resilient to wear and tear and start to degenerate manifesting as swelling, pain, and oftentime, loss of mobility of joints. Changes occur in both joint soft tissues ans the opposing bones, a condition called osteoarthritis. A more serious form of disease is called rheumatoid arthritis. The latter is an autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against joint tissues causing chronic inflammation resulting in severe joint damage, pain and immobility.

Answer 209

"Porous bone"" The bane of the old, especially, women. The hard, rock-like quality of bone is dependent upon calcium. When too much calcium is dissolved from bones or not enough replaced, bones lose density and are easily fractured. Estrogen, the female sex hormone, helps maintain proper calcium levels in bones. Once the ovaries stop producing the hormone, women are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis. A collapse of bony vertebrae of the spinal colum results in loss of height ans stooped posture. Hip Fx are a common occurence.

Answer 210

"soft bones" If not enough calcium is deposited during early childhood developement, the bones do not become rock-hard, but rubbery. Both adequate calcium in the diet and vitamin D, primarily, from normal sunlight exposure or supplementation, are necessary for normal bone development. Before vitamin supplementation to milk, "rickets", another name for osteomalacia in children, was common resulting in the classic bowed legs of the afflicted child.

Answer 211

People whose job involves repeated flexing of their wrist (typing, house painting) may development tingling and/ or pain in their thumb, index and middle fingers along the weakness of movements of the thumb, especially, grasping an object. The main nerve for finely controlled thumb movements passes through a bony/ligamentous canal on the bottom of the wrist. repetitive flexing movements may inflame and thicken the ligament over the "tunnel" through the carpal ( wrist) bones trapping and compressing the nerve.

Answer 212

Repeated strain on the tendon, attachment of a muscle to bone, can inflame the tendon resulting in pain and difficulty with movement involving the muscle. Tendons have a poor blood supply; therfore, they typically take a long time to heal on the order of six weeks or more

Answer 213

muscles surrounding the shoulder joint are involved in rotating the shoulder with upper arm and hand forward and backward, among other movements. The tendons of the muscles also conribute to the structura strength of the shoulder joint. Hard, fast movements such as in tennis and basball can tear one of these tendons resulting in pain and decresed mobility of the shoulder. sugery may be needed to repair a torn tendon.

Answer 214

A bursa is a small, closed bag with minimum amount of lubricatory fluid that serves as a shock absorber where bones make close contact ans to minimize trauma and friction where tendons cross bones and joints. Inflammation leads to pain and immobility in a joint area.

Answer 215

is a group of inherited diseases in which the muscles that control movement progressively weaken. The prefix dys-, means abnormal. The root, -trophy, refers to maintaing normal nourishment, structure and function. The most common form in children is called Duchenne muscular dystrophy and affects only males. It usually appears between the ages of 2 to 6 and the afflicted live typically into late teens to early 20's.

Answer 216

"muscular weakness, profound". This autoimmune disease that involves production of antibodies that interfere with nerves stimulating muscle contractions. Face and neck muscles are the most obviously affected, manifesting as drooping eyelids, double vision, difficulty swallowing and general fatigue. There is no actual paralysis of muscles involved, but a rapid fatiguing of function.

Answer 217

An autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against a variety of organs, especially connective tissues of skin and joints. Mild Lupus may invlovle a distinctive butterfly-shaped rash over the nose and cheeks. Mild lupus may also involve myalgia (muscle pain) and arthralgia (joint pain). Severe or systemic lupus (SLE)involves inflammation of multiple organ systems such as the heart, lungs, or kidneys.By the way, lupus means "wolf" in latin. Maybe a reference to the facial rash that might give a patient a wolf-like apperance.

Answer 218

development

Answer 219

T-size of tumor N- whether cancer has spread into lymph nodes M- whether cancer cells have metastisized to other organs and areas

Medical Terminology Flashcards

(246 cards)