Medical Terminology Condensed Flashcards
(533 cards)
1
Q
cephal/o
A
head
2
Q
cervic/-o
A
neck
3
Q
thorac/o-
A
chest or thorax
4
Q
abdomin/o-
A
abdomen
5
Q
celi/o-
A
abdomen
6
Q
lepar/o-
A
abdominal wall
7
Q
lumb/o-
A
lower back, lumbar region
8
Q
periton, peritone/o-
A
peritoneum
9
Q
acro
A
extremity, end
10
Q
brachi/o-
A
arm
11
Q
dactyl/o-
A
finger, toe
12
Q
ped/o
A
foot
13
Q
pod/o-
A
foot
14
Q
circum
A
around
15
Q
peri
A
around
16
Q
intra
A
in, within
17
Q
epi-
A
on, over
18
Q
extra-
A
outside
19
Q
infra-
A
below
20
Q
sub-
A
below, under
21
Q
inter-
A
between
22
Q
juxta-
A
near, beside
23
Q
para
A
near, beside
24
Q
retro-
A
backward, behind
25
supra-
above
26
the muscle that separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity
diaphragm
27
the large serous membrane that lines the abdomino pelvic cavitty and cover the organs with it
peritoneum
28
digit (didgital)
finger, toe (didgital=adjective)
29
the central opening within a tube or hollow organ
lumen
30
os
mouth, opening
31
septum
a wall dividing two cavities
32
sinus
a cavity, as within a bone
33
sphincter
a circular muscle that regulates an opening
34
epigastrum
the epigastric region
35
the base or body of a hollow organ, the area of an organ farthest from its opening
fundus
36
hypochondrium
the hypochondriac region (left or right)
37
meatus
passage or opening
38
orfice
the opening of a cavity
39
frontal/coronal plane
divides the body into front and back
40
saggital plane
divides the body into left and right
41
transverse/horizontal plane
divides the body into top and bottom
42
superior
towards the top
43
inferior
towards the bottom
44
anterior
towards the front
45
posterior
towards the back
46
ventral
towards or at the front
47
dorsal
towards or at the back
48
proximal
close to the point of attachment
49
distal
far from the point of attachment
50
cranial
towards the head
51
caudal
towards the tail
52
medial
towards the midline of the body
53
lateral
towards the sides to the body
54
external
closer to the surface of the body
55
deep
closer to the center of the body
56
right hypochondriac region
right side of the abdomen under the ribs
57
left hypochondriac region
left side of abdomen under the ribs
58
epigastric region
center of the upper abdomen
59
left lumbar region
left side of the abdomen in front of the lumbar spine
60
right lumbar region
right side of abdomen in front of the lumbar spine
61
umbilical region
center of the abdomen at the umbilicus
62
left iliac region
left side of the abdomen in front of the iliac
63
right iliac region
right side of the abdomen in front of the pelvic region
64
ventral cavity
body cavity that includes the entire front of the body
65
dorsal cavity
body cavity that includes entire back of the body
66
thoracic cavity
body cavity that includes the organs of the chest
67
abdominal cavity
body cavity that includes the organs of the abdomen
68
pelvic cavity
body cavity that includes the pelvic organs
69
spinal cavity
body cavity that includes the spinal cord
70
cranial cavity
body cavity that includes the brain
71
ccephalic
refers to the head
72
crainal
refers to the skull
73
facial
refers to the face
74
thoracic
refers to the chest
75
brachial
refers to the arm
76
antebrachial
refers to the forearm
77
carpal
refers to the wrist
78
manual
refers to the hand
79
femoral
refers to the thigh
80
crural
refers to the leg
81
pedal
refers to the foor
82
upper extremity
includes arm, forearm, wrist, and hand
83
lower extremity
includes thigh, leg, foot
84
frontal
refers to the forehead
85
ocular
refers to eye
86
oral
mouth
87
mammary
refers to the breast
88
axillary
armpit
89
antecubital
inner elbow
90
umbilical
navel (belly button)
91
inguinal
groin
92
pubis
pubic area
93
palmar
palm
94
phalangeal
finers or toes
95
patellar
kneecap
96
acromial
shoulder
97
laeral abdominal
refers to the flank
98
iliac
the hip
99
sural
the calf
100
calcaneal
the heel
101
parietal
the crown of the head
102
occipital
base of the skull
103
cervical
neck
104
deltoid
shoulder
105
scapular
shoulder blade
106
lumbar
small of the back
107
sacral
base of the spine
108
gluteal
refers to the buttocks
109
popliteal
refers to the back
110
plantar
the sole of the foot
111
anatomic position
standing erect facing forwards palm facing front
112
decubitus position
lying down, usually qualified by part of the body touching the table (ventral or dorsal)
113
dorsal recumbent psition
on back, knees bent, feet separated
114
fowler postion
similiar to knee ches with back or stomach supported
115
knee chest psition
on knees head resting on forearms
116
lateral recumbent position
on either side with knee bent
117
lithotomy positon
on back, legs flexed toward abdomen, thighs apart
118
prone position
lying face down
119
sims position
on left side right leg drawn up high left arm along back
120
supine position
lying face up
121
trendelenberg position
on back with head lowered by tilting bed back 45 degrees head is lower than heart
122
abdominopelvic cavity
large ventral cavity that includes the abdominal and pelvic cavities
123
acute
a condition that flares up suddenly and persists for only a short time
124
benign
not recurrent or malignant, favorable for recovery, describing tumors that do not spread
125
carcinoma
a malignant neoplasm composed of epithelial cells
126
chronic
of long duration, progressing slowly
127
cyst
an abnormal filled sac or pouch, used as a root meaning a normal bladder or sac, such as the urinary bladder or gallbladder
128
edema
accumulation of fluid in the tissues, swelling, edematous
129
etiology
the cause of a disease
130
hernia
abnormal protrusion of part of an organ through an abnormal opening in the wall that normally contains in
131
inflammation
a localized response to tissue injury characterized by heat, pain redness and swelling
132
lesion
a distinct area of damaged tissue an injury or wound
133
malignant
growing worse, harmful, tending to cause death describing an invasive tumor that can spread/metastasize to other tissues
134
metastasis
spread from one part of the body to another, characteristic of cancer
135
necrosis
death of tissue
136
neoplasm
an abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue, namely a tumor, may be benign or malignant
137
parasite
an organism that grows in or on another organism causing damage to it
138
pathogran
an organism capable of causing disease
139
phagocytosis
the ingestion of organism such as invading bactera or small particles of waste material by a cell
140
prolapse
a dropping or downward displacement of an organ or part, ptosis
141
pus
a product of inflammation consisting of fluid and white blood cells
142
sarcoma
a malignant neoplasm arising from connective tissue
143
sepsis
the presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or other tissues
144
toxin
a poison
145
trauma
a physical or physiological wound or injury
146
alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o
pain
147
carcin/o
cancer
148
cyst/o, cyst/i
fled sac or pouch, cyst, bladder
149
lith
calculus, stone
150
onc/o
tumor
151
path/o
disease
152
py/o
pus
153
pyr/o
fever, fire
154
scler/o
hard
155
tox/o, toxic/o
poison
156
brady
slow
157
dis
abnormal, painful, difficult
158
mal
bad, poor
159
pachy
thick
160
tachy
rapid,fast
161
xero-
dry
162
algia, algesia
pain
163
-cele
hernia, protrusion
164
-clasism clasia
breaking
165
-itis
inflammation
166
-megaly
enlargement
167
-odynia
pain
168
-oma
tumor
169
-pathy
any disease of
170
-rhage, -rhagia
bursting forth, profuse flow hemorrhage
171
-rhea
flow, discharge
172
rhexis
rupture
173
-schisis
fissure, splitting
174
-dilation, dilation
expansion, widening
175
-ectasia, -ectasis
dilation,dilatation, distension
176
-edema
accumulation of fluid, swelling
177
-lysis
separation, looseningm dissolving, distruction
178
-malacia
softening
179
-necrosis
death of tissue
180
-ptosis
dropping, downward displacement, prolapse
181
-sclerosis
hardening
182
-spasm
sudden contraction, cramp
183
-stasis
suppression, stoppage
184
-stenosis
constriction or narrowing
185
-toxin
posion
186
staphyl/o
bacteria grouped in grape or grape like clusters
187
strept/o
bacteria grouped like twisted chains
188
bacteria
simple microorganism that are widespread throughout the world, some are pathogenic
189
myc/o
fungus
190
viruses
submicroscopic infectious agents that can live and reproduce only living cells
191
CA
cancer
192
MRSA
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, an infectious disease caused by a pathogen that is resistant to many antibiotics
193
staph
a type of bacteria commonly found on the skin and hair as well as in the noses and throats of people and animals, these bacteria are present in up to 25% of healthy people and are even more common among those with skin eye nose or throat infections
194
streptococcus
group A causes strept throat scarlet fever impetigo toxic shock syndrome and cellulitus and necrotizing faciitis
group b can cause blood infections pneumonia and meningitis in newborns
195
VRSA
vancomycin resistant staphylococcs aureus
196
microorganism
an organism too small to be seen with the aid of a microscope
197
cocci
round bacteria, may be in clusters, chains, or other formations
198
bacilli
rod shaped bacteria
199
vibrios
short curved rod shaped bactera
200
spirochetes
corkscrew shaped bacteria that move with a twisting motion
201
chlamydia
extremely small bacteria with complex life cycles that grow within living cells, can cause pelvic inflammatory disease
202
rickettsia
extremely small bacteria that grow within living cells, can cause rocky mountain spotted fever
203
fungi
simple non-green plants some of which are parasitic
204
protozoa
single celled animal
205
helminths
worms
206
bacill/i, bacill/o
referring to bacillus
207
bacteri/o
root referring to bacterium
208
vir/o
virus
209
acid fast stain
laboratory staining to identify TB
210
communicable
capable of passing from one person to another
211
endemic
occurring at a low level but continuously in a given region
212
exacerbation
worsening of a disease
213
iatrogenic
caused by the effects of treatment
214
idiopathic
having no known cause
215
in situ
localized, non invasive
216
normal flora
micro oganisms that normally live on or in the body
217
nosocomial
infections acquired in the hospital
218
opportunistic
infection that occurs because of a hosts poor or altered condition
219
pandemic
disease prevalent throughout an entire region or the world
220
remission
a lessening of disease symptoms
221
septicemia
blood poisoning by bactera
222
systemic
pertaining to the whole body
223
abscess
localized collection of pus
224
adhesion
uniting two surfaces that may be normally separated
225
anaplasia
lack of normal differentiation of cells
226
ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
227
cellulitis
spreading inflammation of tissues
228
effusion
escape of fluid into a cavity or other body part
229
exudate
material that escapes from the blood vessels
230
fissure
groove or split
231
fistula
abnormal passage between two organs or between an organ and the surface of the body
232
gangrene
death of tissue due to lack of blood supply
233
hyperplasia
excessive growth of cells
234
hypertophy
increase in size of organs to due cell growth
235
induration
hardening, an abnormally hard spot or place
236
metaplasia
conversion of cells to form not normally for that tissue
237
polyp
tumor attached by a thin stalk
238
purulent
forming or containing pus
239
suppuration
pus formation
240
AF
acid fast
241
CA
cancer
242
CIS
carcinoma in situ
243
FUO
fever of unknown origin
244
Gm+
gram positive bacteria
245
Gm-
gram negative bactera
246
MRSA
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
247
staph
staphylococcus
248
strep
streptococcus
249
VRSA
vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus
250
ADL
activities of daily living
251
BP
blood pressure
252
BPM
beats per minute
253
c
celsius
254
CC
cheif complaint
255
C/o
complains of
256
EOMI
extraocular muscles intact
257
ETOH
alcohol
258
F
farenheit
259
HEENT
head eyes ears nose and throat
260
HIPAA
health insurance portability and accountability act
261
h/o
history of
262
H&P
history and physical
263
HPI
history of present illness
264
HR
heart rate
265
Hx
history
266
I&O
intake and output
267
IPPA
inspection, palpitation, percussion auscultation
268
NAD
no apparent distress
269
IVDA
IV drug abuse
270
NKDA
no known drug allergies
271
P
pulse
272
PE
physical exam
273
PE(R)RLA
pupils equal (REGULAR) react to light and accommodation
274
PMH
past medical history
275
pt
patient
276
R
respiration
277
R/O
rule out
278
ROS
review of systems
279
T
temperature
280
TPR
temperature pule respiration
281
VS
vital signs
282
WD
well developed
283
WNL
within normal limits
284
W/o
without
285
YO, y/o
years old
286
ABC
aspiration biopsy cytology
287
AFP
alpha feto protein
288
BS
bowel sounds
289
bx
biopsy
290
CAM
complementary and alternative medicine
291
Ci
Curie (unit of radioactivity)
292
C&S
culture and (drug) sensitivity (of bacteria)
293
CT
computed tomography
294
D/C
discontinue, discharge
295
Dx
diagnosis
296
EBL
estimated blood loss
297
ICU
intensive care unit
298
I&D
incision and drainage
299
MET
metastasis
300
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
301
NCCAM
national center for complementary and alternative medicine
302
NS
normal saline
303
PCA
patient controlled analgesia
304
PET
positron emission tomograhy
305
PICC
peripherally inserted central catheter
306
postop
post operative
307
preop
pre operative
308
PSS
physiologic saline solution
309
RADx
radiation therapy
310
Rx
drug, prescription, therapy
311
SPECT
single photon emission computer tomography
312
TNM
Tumor (primary) Nodes (regional lymph) metastases (distant)
313
UV
ultraviolet
314
AP
anteroposterior
315
LL
left lateral
316
PA
posteroanterior
317
RL
right lateral
318
AMA
against medical advice
319
AMB
ambulatory
320
BRP
bathroom privileges
321
CBR
complete bed rest
322
DNR
do not resuscitate
323
KVO
keep vein open
324
NPO
nothing by mouth
325
OOB
out of bed
326
QNS
quantity not sufficent
327
QS
quantity sufficient
328
STAT
immediately
329
TKO
to keep open
330
anesthesia
loss of the ability to feel pain, as by administration of a drug
331
asucultation
listening for sounds within the body, usually within the chest or abdomen
332
biopsy
removal of a small amount of tissue for microscopic examination
333
cautery
destruction of tissue by a damaging agent such as a harmful chemical heat o electric current
334
chemotherapy
use of chemicals to treat disease, the term is often applied specifically to the treatment of chancer with chemicals
335
diagnosis
the process of determining the case of and nature of an illness
336
endoscope
an instrument for examining the inside of an organ or cavity through an opening or small incision most endoscopes use fiber-optics for viewing
337
excision
removal by cutting (ectomy)
338
fixation
holding or fastening a structure in a fixed position (-pexy)
339
grading
a method for evaluating a tumor based on microscopic examination of the cells
340
immunotherpy
treatment that involves stimulation or suppression of the immune system, either specifically or nonspecifically
341
incision
a cut, as for surgery, also the act of cutting (-tomy)
342
inspection
visual examination of the body
343
laser
a device that transforms light into a beam of intense heat and power used for surgery and diagnosis
344
opthalmoscope
an instrument for examining the interior of the eye
345
otoscope
instrument used to examine the ear
346
palliative
providing relief by not cure a treatment that provides such relief
347
palpitation
examining by placing the hands or fingers on the surface of the body to determine characteristics such as texture, temperature, movement and consistency
348
percussion
tapping the body lightly but sharply to assess the condition of the underlying tissue by the sounds obtained
349
prognosis
predicion of the course and outcome of a disease
350
radiography
use of xrays passed through the body to make a visual record of internal structure on specificaly sensitized film
351
remission
a lessening of disease symptoms, the period during which this decrease occurs or the period when no sign of a disease exists
352
sign
objective evidence of disease that can be observed or tested, examples are fever rash high blood pressure and blood or urine abnormalities
353
sphygmomanometer
blood pressure apparatus. or blood pressure cuff, read in millimeters or mercury when the heart is contracting and when the heart is relaxing and is reported as systolic/diastolic
354
staging
the process of classifying malignant tumors for diagnosis treatment adn prognosis
355
stethoscope
an instrument used to listening to sounds produced within the body
356
surgery
a method for treating disease or injury by manual operations
357
suture
o unite parts by stitching them together, also the thread or other material used in the process or the seam formed by surgical stitching
358
symptom
any evidence of disease, sometimes limited to subjective evidence of disease as experienced by the individual such as pain dizziness and weakness
359
therpy
treatment, intervention
360
vital signs
measurements that reflect basic functions necessary to maintain life
361
acupuncture
An ancient Chinese method of inserting thin needles into the body at specific points to relieve pain, induce anesthesia, or promote healing; similar effects can be obtained by using firm finger pressure at the surface of the body in the technique of acupressure
362
biofeedback
A method for learning control of involuntary physiologic responses by using electronic devices to monitor bodily changes and feeding this information back to a person
363
chiropractic
A science that stresses the condition of the nervous system in diagnosis and treatment of disease; often, the spine is manipulated to correct misalignment. Most patients consult for musculoskeletal pain and headaches (from Greek cheir, meaning "hand")
364
holistic health care
Practice of treating a person as a whole entity with physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs. It stresses comprehensive care, involvement in one's own care, and the maintenance of good health rather than the treatment of disease.
365
homeopathy
A philosophy of treating disease by administering drugs in highly diluted form along with promoting healthy life habits and a healthy environment (from home/o, meaning "same," and path, meaning "disease")
366
massage
manipulation of the body or portion of the body to calm, relieve tension, increase circulation, and stimulate muscles
367
meditation
process of clearing the mind by concentrating on the inner self while controlling breathing and perhaps repeating a word or phrase
368
naturopathy
A therapeutic philosophy of helping people to heal themselves by developing healthy lifestyles; naturopaths may use some of the methods of conventional medicine (from nature and path/o, meaning "disease")
369
osteopathy
A system of therapy based on the theory that the body can overcome disease when it has normal structure, a favorable environment, and proper nutrition. Osteopaths use standard medical practices for diagnosis and treatment but stress the identification and correction of faulty body structure (from oste/o, meaning "bone," and path, meaning "disease")
370
clubbing
enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes because of soft tissue growth of the nails seen in a variety of diseases especially lung and heart disease
371
colic
acute abdominal pain associated with smooth muscle spasms
372
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen
373
alpha feto protein
a fetal protein that appears in the blood of adults with certain types of cancer
374
bruit
a sound, usually abnormal, heard in auscultation
375
facies
the expression or appearance of the face
376
radionuclide
a substance that gives off radiation, used for diagnosis and treatment, also called radioisotope or radiopharmaeutical
377
speculum
an instrument for examining a canal
378
syndrome
a group of signs. andsymptoms tha ttogether characterize diseasse condition
379
clysis
the introduction of fluid to the body other than orally as into the rectum or abdominal cavity also refers to the solution used
380
irrigation
flushing of a tube cavity or area with a fluid
381
lavage
to wash out the cavity
382
paracentesis
puncture of a cavity for-removal of fluid
383
prophylaxis
prevention of disease
384
ligature
a tie or bandage the process of binding or tying
385
cineradiography
making of a motion picture of successive images appearing on a fluoroscope
386
scintography
imaging the radioactivity distribution in tissues after internal administration of a radiographic substance
387
ultrasonography
generation of a visual image from the echoes of high frequency sound waves traveling back from different tissues
388
bougie
slender, flexible instrument for exploring and dilating tubes
389
cannula
rube enclosing a trocar that allows escape of fluid or air after removal of the trocar
390
curet
spoon shaped instrument for removing maerial from the wall of a cavity or other surface
391
gigli saw
flexible wire saw
392
hemostat
small clamp for stpping blood flow from a vessel
393
rasp
surgical file
394
rongeur
gouge forceps
395
sound
instrument for exploring a cavity or canal
396
trocar
sharp pointed instrument contained in a cannula used to puncture a cavity
397
chon/o
root. fortime
398
cry/o
root for cold
399
erg/o
root. forwork
400
centesis
suffix for puncture
401
-desis
suffic for binding
402
-plasty
suffix for plastic repair, plastic surgery, reconstruction
403
±
doubtful, slightly
404
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
405
malaise
a feeling of discomfort or uneasiness
406
pallor
paleness, lack of color
407
sequela
lasting effect of a disease
408
syncope
temporary loss of conciousness becausse of inadequate flow of blood to the brain
409
prodrome
a symptom indicating approaching disease
410
febrile
fever
411
synergy
combined action of two or more drugs working greater than any. ofthe drugs could produce when acting alone
412
potentiation
increased potency created by two drugs acting together
413
lytic
dissolving, reducing, loosening
414
-mimetic
mimicking
415
-tropic
acting on
416
hypn/o
sleep
417
narc
stupor
418
pyr/o, pyret/o
fever
419
vas/o
vessel
420
adrenergics
mimic actions of sympathetic nervous system, which responds to stress
421
analgesics
alleviate pain
422
narcotics
decrease pain from the central nervous system
423
non-narcotics
acts peripherally to inhibit prostaglandins
424
antiemetics
relieve symptoms of nausea
425
corticosteroids
hormones from cortex of adrenal gland
426
hypolipidemics
lower cholesterol in patients with high serum levels that can't be controlled with diet alone
427
nitrtes and antianginal agents
dilate coronary arteries and reduce hearts workload by lowering blood pressure and reducing venous return
428
CNS stimulants
stimulate the central nervous system
429
diuretics
remote excretion of water, sodium, and other electrolytes by the kidneys, used to reduce edema and blood pressure
430
antidiarrheals
treat or prevent diarrhea by reducing intestinal motility or absorbing irritants and soothing intestinal lining
431
histamine H2 antagonists
decrease stomach acid secretion by interfering with action of histamine at H2 receptors , used to treat ulcers and other gastrointestinal problems
432
laxatives
promote elimination from large intestines, stimulants, hypersomotics (retain water), stool softeners, bulk-forming agents
433
proteon pump inhibitors
reduce stomach acidity by blocking transport of hydrogen ions (protons) into the stomach
434
muscle relaxants
depress nervous system stimulation of skeletal muscles use to control muscle spasms and pain
435
psychotropics
affect the mind, altering mental activity, mental state, or behavior
436
antipsychotics
act on nervous system to relieve symptoms on psychoses
437
antitussives
suppress coughing
438
asthma maintenance drugs
used for prevention of asthma attacks and chronic treatment of asthma
439
brochodilators
prevent or eliminate spasm of the bronchi (breathing tubes) y relaxing bronchial smooth muscle, used to treat asthma attacks and bronchitis
440
expectorants
induce productive coughing to eliminate respiratory secretions
441
mucolytics
loosen mucus to promote its elimination
442
sedatives/hypnotics
induce relaxation and sleep, lower doses promote relaxation leading to sleep, higher induce sleep, anti anxiety agents also used
443
absorption
drug taken into circulation through the digestive tract or by transfer across another membrane
444
instillation
administration through respiratory system as by breathing in an aeros or nebulizer spray
445
epidural
injected into space between meninges (around spinal cord) and spine
446
hypodermoclysis
administration of a solution by subcutaneous infusion, use for fluid delivery as an alternative for intravenous infusion
447
elixir
clear, pleasantly flavored and sweetened hydroalcoholic liquid intended for oral use
448
emulsion
mixture in which one liquid is dispersed but not dissolved in another liquid
449
suspension
fine particles dispersed in a liquid, must be shaken before use
450
APAP
acetaminophen
451
ASA
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
452
ASHP
american society of health system pharmacists
453
INH
isoiazid (anti-tuberculosis drug)
454
ODS
office. ofdietary supplements
455
OTC
over the counter
456
PDR
physicians desk reference
457
supp
suppository
458
susp
suspension
459
tinct
tincture (concentrated liquid herbal extracts)
460
ung
ointment
461
a with line over it
before
462
aa with line over it
of each
463
ac
before meals
464
ad lib
as desired
465
aq
water
466
bid
twice a day
467
c with a line over it
with
468
DS
double strength
469
gt(t)
drop(s)
470
hs
at bedtime
471
ID
intradermally
472
IM
intramuscular
473
IU
international unit
474
LA
long acting
475
mcg
microgram
476
p
after, post
477
pc
after meals
478
po
by mouth
479
pp
after meals
480
qam
every morning
481
qh
every hour
482
q_h
every x hours
483
qid
4 times per day
484
s with a line over it
without
485
SA
susained action
486
SC, SQ, subcu
subcutaneously
487
SL
sublingualy
488
SR
sustained release
489
ss with lines above
half
490
tid
three times per day
491
phytomedicine
herbal medicine
492
DAW
dispense as written
493
black cohosh root
reduction of menopausal hot flashes
494
chamomile
anti-inflammator, gastrointestinal antispasmodic, sedative
495
echinacea
may reduce severity and duration of colds, may stimulate the immune system, used topically for wound healing
496
flax seed
source of fatty acids mportant in maintaining proper lipids (cholesterol) in the blood
497
ginger root
relief of neausea and motion sickness, treatment of colds and sore throat
498
gingo leaf
improves blood circulation in and function of the brain, improves memory, used to treat dementia, anti-anxiety agent, protects the nervous system
499
ginsing
stress reduction , lowers blood cholesterol and blood sugar
500
green tea
antioxidant, acts against cancer of the gastrointestinal tract and skin, oral antimicrobial agent, reduces dental caries
501
kava
antianxiety, sedative
502
aorta
largest artery
503
arteriole
a small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries
504
electrocrdiography
EKG
505
epicardium
outside lining, covers the heart
506
inferior vena cava
the large inferior vein that brings blood back to the right atrum of the heart from the lower body
507
pericardium
surrounding fibrous sac
508
ventricle
lower pumping chambers
509
capillary
smallest vessels exchange between blood and tissue
510
diastole
the relaxation phase of the heartbeat cycle, adject diastolic
511
endocardium
inside lining
512
myocardium
thick muscle heart wall
513
septum
wall dividing chambers of the heart
514
angi/o
vessel
515
phleb
vein
516
angina pectoris
chest pain
517
arteriosclerosis
hardening of the aarteries
518
artherosclerosis
the development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hadening of the vessel wall. the most common form of asteriosclerosis
519
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
stroke
520
diaphoresis
sweating
521
embolism
obstruction of blood vessel
522
embolus
clot that creates embolism
523
infarct
area of localized death of tissue because of blockage
524
ischemia
local deficiency of blood supply cause by obstruction of the circulation
525
phlebitis
inflammation of vein
526
shock
circulation failure resulting in inadequate supply of blood to tissue
527
thrombosis
development of blood clot
528
stenosis
narrowing
529
thrombophlebitis
inflammation of vein because of clot
530
thrombus
blood clot
531
angioplasty
A procedure that reopens a narrowed vessel and restores blood flow. Commonly accomplished by surgically removing plaque, inflating a balloon within the vessel, or installing a device (stent) to keep the vessel open
532
caronoary artery bypass graft CABG
Surgical creation of a shunt to bypass a blocked coronary artery. The aorta is connected to a point past the obstruction with another vessel or a piece of another vessel, usually the left internal mammary artery or part of the leg's saphenous vein
533
creatine kinase
enzyme released after MI
