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Medical terminology > Medical Terminology- DISEASES, DISORDERS, AND GENERAL TERMS > Flashcards

Medical Terminology- DISEASES, DISORDERS, AND GENERAL TERMS Flashcards

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1
Q

adhesión (ad-HEE-zhuhn)

A

scar tissue that forms around the fascia of the muscle resulting in difficult movement and stretching of the muscle

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2
Q

amyotrophic (AY-MY-uh

A

a progressive disease that causes muscle atrophy and eventually leads to death; also called Lou Gehrig disease.

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3
Q

TRAHF-ik or AY-MY-uh

A

an inflammatory condition of the spinal column that causes gradual stiffening and fusion of the vertebrae

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4
Q

TROH-fik) lateral sclerosis (skle-ROH-sis)

A

a progressive disease that causes muscle atrophy and eventually leads to death; also called Lou Gehrig disease.

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5
Q

ankylosing spondylitis (ANG ki-LOH-zing spahn-di-LYT-is)

A

an inflammatory condition of the spinal column that causes gradual stiffening and fusion of the vertebrae

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6
Q

arthralgia (ar-THRAL-jee-uh or ar-THRAL-juh)

A

pain in a joint

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7
Q

arthritis (ar-THRYT-is)

A

inflammation of the joints

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8
Q

ataxia (uh-TAK-see-uh or

A

the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscle tissue

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9
Q

ay-TAK-see-uh)

A

a condition of defective coordination of muscle movements; may be related to a neurological dis order or injury

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10
Q

atrophy (AT-ruh-fee)

A

the wasting away, decreasing in size, and weaken ing of muscle tissue

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11
Q

bradykinesia (BRAYD-ee-ki NEE-shuh or BRAYD-ee-ki NEE-zhee-uh)

A

slow movement

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12
Q

bursitis (bur-SYT-is)

A

inflammation of the bursa (the fluid-filled cavity around a joint)

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13
Q

carpal (KAR-puhl) tunnel syndrome

A

a condition in which compression of the median nerve and finger flexor tendons causes pain, numbness, or tingling in the hand

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14
Q

chondroma (kahn-DROH-muh)

A

a tumor of the cartilage

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15
Q

chondromalacia (KAHN

A

a tumor of the cartilage

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16
Q

droh-muh-LAY-shee-uh or KAHN-droh-muh-LAY-shuh)

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

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17
Q

closed fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone does not break through the skin; also called a simple fracture

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18
Q

Colles (KAH-leez or KAH-luhs) fracture

A

a fracture in the lower end of the radius (a bone that sits between the wrist and elbow joint)

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19
Q

comminuted (kahm-i-NYOOT ed) fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone splinters or shatters into small pieces

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20
Q

compartment syndrome

A

the painful swelling or overgrowth of muscle tis sue within the limits of the fascia (compartment) that encloses it

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21
Q

compound fracture

A

a fracture in which the bone protrudes through the skin; also called an open fracture

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22
Q

compression fracture

A

a fracture caused by pressure along the verte bral column; may be caused by trauma or by osteoporosis

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23
Q

contracture (kuhn-TRAK-chur)

A

an abnormal shortening of muscle fibers and ten dons, resulting in difficulty stretching the muscle

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24
Q

crepitation (krep-i-TAY-shun)

A

a clicking or grating noise that is the result of bones or cartilage rubbing together

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25
dislocation
an injury that occurs when a bone is displaced  from its normal position in a joint
26
dyskinesia (dis-ki-NEE-shuh  or dis-ki-NEE-zhee-uh)
movement that is impaired, painful, or difficult, as  in Parkinson disease
27
dystrophy (DIS-truh-fee)
a general term for degeneration of tissue
28
Ewing (YOO-ing) sarcoma
a malignant tumor of a long bone (such as the  thigh) or soft tissue; also called Ewing tumor
29
exostosis (EK-sahs-TOH-sis)
an outward overgrowth from a bony prominence;  also called a bone spur
30
fibromyalgia (FY-broh-my-AL jee-uh or FY-broh-my-AL-juh)
a condition of unknown cause that results in  chronic pain in muscles and in the soft tissue sur rounding joints; may also cause fatigue
31
ganglion (GANG-glee-ahn) cyst
a benign cyst that develops on a tendon, often in  the wrists, hands, ankles, or feet
32
gout (gowt)
a condition caused by the painful buildup of uric  acid crystals in the joints
33
greenstick fracture
a partial fracture common in young children due  to the softer structure of their bones
34
hemiparesis (hem-ee-puh REE-sis)
weakness of one side (half) of the body
35
hemiplegia (hem-ee-PLEE jee-uh)
paralysis of one side (half) of the body
36
herniated (HUR-nee-ayt-ed)  disk
a condition in which the soft tissue between two  vertebrae ruptures into the spinal canal
37
hyperkinesia (HY-pur-ki-NEE shuh or HY-pur-ki-NEE-zhee uh)
abnormally increased muscle movement
38
hypertrophy (hy-PUR-truh-fee)
excessive development of part of the body (e.g.,  heart muscle)
39
impacted fracture
a fracture in which the bone fragments are pushed  into each other
40
intercostal (in-tur-KAHS-tuhl)
between two ribs
41
intervertebral (in-tur-VUR-tuh bruhl or in-tur-vur-TEE-bruhl)
between two vertebrae
42
intramuscular
an injection route in which medication is adminis tered in the muscle, usually the upper arm, thigh,  or hip
43
kinesiology (kuh-NEE-see-AHL uh-jee or kuh-NEE-zee-AHL-uh jee)
the study of body movement
44
kyphosis (ky-FOH-sis)
a condition in which the thoracic spine has an in creased posterior curvature
45
lateral epicondylitis (EP-i-kahn duh-LY-tis)
inflammation around the lateral condyle (joint  prominence) of the elbow; also called tennis elbow
46
lordosis (lor-DOH-sis)
a condition in which the lumbar spine has an in creased anterior curvature
47
Lyme disease
a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdor feri that results from a bite from an infected tick;  causes a variety of symptoms such as muscle  aches, joint pain, headache, and fatigue
48
muscular dystrophy
a progressive, inherited disease that causes a  gradual wasting away of muscle, weakness, and  deformity
49
myalgia (my-AL-jee-uh or  my-AL-juh)
muscle pain
50
myasthenia gravis (my-uhs THEE-nee-uh GRAH-vis or  GRA-vis)
a progressive autoimmune disease that causes se vere muscle fatigue and weakness (gravis is a Latin  term for grave or serious)
51
myositis (my-oh-SY-tis)
inflammation of a muscle
52
oblique (oh-BLEEK) fracture
a fracture that causes a slanted break that curves  along the bone
53
orthopedics (or-thoh-PEE-diks)
the medical specialty related to the diagnosis and  treatment of musculoskeletal conditions
54
orthopedist (or-thoh-PEE-dist)
a medical specialist who diagnoses and treats  musculoskeletal conditions
55
osteoarthritis (AHS-tee-oh-ar THRY-tis)
a common, progressive type of arthritis that  causes inflammation and degeneration of joints  and bones
56
osteochondritis (AHS-tee-oh kahn-DRYT-is)
inflammation of the bone and cartilage
57
osteomalacia (AHS-tee
58
oh-muh-LAY-shee-uh or
59
AHS-tee-oh-muh-LAY-shuh)
a condition in which the bones of adults lose their  rigidity and soften; called rickets in children
60
osteomyelitis (AHS-tee-oh MY-uh-LYT-is)
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow usu ally caused by bacterial infection
61
osteonecrosis (AHS-tee-oh-ne KROH-sis)
the death of bone tissue, usually due to lack of  blood flow
62
osteopathy (ahs-tee-AHP uh-thee)
a general term for disease of the bone; also a  medical specialty that originally emphasized the  therapeutic benefits of manipulating the muscu loskeletal system and now emphasizes holistic  patient care
63
osteopenia (AHS-tee-oh-PEE nee-uh)
an abnormal decrease in bone mineral density
64
osteoporosis (AHS-tee-oh-puh ROH-sis)
a condition in which bones become porous and  brittle, causing them to break easily
65
osteosarcoma (AHS-tee-oh-sar KOH-muh)
a bone cancer that begins in the long bones; the  most common type of bone cancer; also called  osteogenic sarcoma
66
Paget disease of bone (PA-jet)
a chronic disorder that causes bone destruction  and deformities
67
paraplegia (pair-uh-PLEE-jee-uh  or pair-uh-PLEE-juh)
paralysis of the lower body and both legs
68
pathologic (path-uh-LAHJ-ik)  fracture
a fracture that is related to underlying disease  (e.g., osteoporosis)
69
plantar fasciitis (PLANT-uhr  fas-ee-YT-is [or fash-ee-YT-is])
painful inflammation of the fascia attaching the  heel to the sole of the foot
70
podiatrist (poh-DY-uh-trist)
a healthcare professional who diagnoses and  treats conditions of the foot
71
podiatry (poh-DY-uh-tree)
the medical specialty related to the diagnosis and  treatment of conditions of the foot
72
quadriplegia (kwawd-ruh PLEE-jee-uh)
paralysis of all four limbs
73
rhabdomyolysis (RAB-doh-my AHL-uh-sis)
the destruction of skeletal muscle tissue and the  release of tissue breakdown products into the  bloodstream; can lead to kidney failure
74
rhabdomyosarcoma (RAB-doh my-oh-sar-KOH-muh)
a type of cancer affecting skeletal muscle tissue
75
rheumatoid arthritis (ROO muh-toyd ar-THRYT-is)
an autoimmune form of arthritis in which joints  become red, swollen, and very painful, resulting in  restricted movement and possible deformities
76
rheumatologist (roo-muh TAHL-uh-jist)
a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats condi tions of the connective tissue and joints
77
rheumatology (roo-muh-TAHL uh-jee)
the medical specialty related to the diagnosis and  treatment of conditions of the connective tissue  and joints
78
rickets (RIK-its)
a bone deformity that most often results from vi tamin D deficiency in children; bowing of the legs  is prominent
79
sarcopenia (sar-koh-PEEN ee-uh)
loss of muscle mass that commonly occurs with  aging
80
scoliosis (skoh-lee-OH-sis)
an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the  spine
81
spinal stenosis (ste-NOH-sis)
an abnormal narrowing of the spinal column,  causing back pain that may move down the legs
82
spiral fracture
a fracture that spirals around the bone shaft; com monly seen with twisting injuries
83
spondylarthritis or spondyloar thritis (SPAHN-dil-ar-THRYT-is  or SPAHN-di-loh-ar-THRYT-is)
inflammation of the joints of the vertebrae; spinal  arthritis
84
sprain
an injury caused by damage to ligaments, or the  bands that connect bones
85
strain
an injury caused by damage to tendons or  muscles
86
stress fracture
a thin fracture that results from repetitive impact  (e.g., from running)
87
subluxation (suhb-luhk-SAY shun)
an incomplete dislocation, which causes inter rupted joint alignment
88
synovitis (sin-oh-VY-tis)
inflammation of a synovial membrane (the mem brane lining a joint capsule)
89
talipes (TAL-i-peez)
a congenital disorder that results in misalignment  of the foot and ankle joints; also called clubfoot
90
tendinitis or tendonitis (ten-di NYT-is)
inflammation of a tendon
91
transverse fracture
a fracture that is straight across the bone in a  horizontal line

Medical terminology (13 decks)

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