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Medical Terminology Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell 3 main structures

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

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2
Q

cytology

A

study of body at cellular level

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3
Q

nucleus

A

responsible for metabolism, growth and reproduction.

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4
Q

histology

A

the study of tissue

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Makes up outer layer of skin (epidermis). Covers surfaces of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides secreting portion of glands.

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6
Q

Connective tissue

A

supports and connects other body tissues

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7
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Responsible for movement by providing contractile tissue of body

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8
Q

Nervous tissue

A

transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughout the body

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9
Q

anatomical position

A

person stands erect, facing forward, arms at sides, palms turned forward, with feet parallel to each other

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10
Q

coronal (frontal) plane

A

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

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11
Q

transverse (horizontal) plane

A

divides body into superior and inferior sections

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12
Q

midsagittal (median) plane

A

vertical plane divides body into left and right sections through middle of body

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13
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midsagittal plane of the body or one of its parts

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14
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midsagittal plane of the body

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15
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

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16
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to a side

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17
Q

superior (cephalad)

A

toward the head or upper portion of a structure

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18
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

away from the head, or toward the tail or lower parts of a structure

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19
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body

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20
Q

distal

A

further from the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body

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21
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

front of the body

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22
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

back of the body

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23
Q

parietal

A

pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity

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24
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs

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25
prone
lying on the abdomen, face down
26
supine
lying horizontally on the back, face up
27
inversion
turning inward or inside out
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eversion
turning outward
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palmar
pertaining to the palm of the hand
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plantar
pertaining to the sole of the foot
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superficial
toward the surface of the body (external)
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deep
away from the surface of the body
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dorsal cavity
located on the back of the body (posterior); is divided into cranial and spinal cavities
34
ventral cavity
located on the front of the body (anterior); divided into thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
35
cranial cavity (l. dorsal)
formed by the skull, contains the brains
36
spinal cavity (l. dorsal)
formed by the backbone (spine), contains the spinal cord
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meninges
membranes that line the dorsal cavities and cover the brain and spinal cord
38
thoracic cavity
contains the lungs and heart
39
abdominal cavity
contains the liver, stomach, intestines, and kidneys
40
pelvic cavity
(below abdominal cavity) contains urinary bladder and reproductive organs
41
diaphragm
muscular wall that separates the thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
42
RUQ major structures
right lobe of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines
43
LUQ major structures
left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestines
44
RLQ major structures
part of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter
45
LLQ major structures
part of the small and large intestines, the left ovary,the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter
46
abdominopelvic regions and locations
Right hypochondriac - upper right lateral region beneath the ribs Epigastric - upper middle region Left hypochondriac - upper left lateral region beneath the ribs Right lumbar - middle right lateral region Umbilical - region of the navel Left lumbar - middle left lateral region Right inguinal (iliac) - lower right lateral region Hypogastric - lower middle region Left inguinal (iliac) - lower left lateral region
47
Spine (vertebral column or backbone)
composed of 26 vertebrae and connective tissue from the base of the skull to the pelvis
48
Spine divisions
- cervical (neck) - thoracic (chest) - lumbar (loin) - sacral (lower back) - coccyx (tailbone)
49
largest organ in the body
Integument (skin)
50
integumentary system
skin + accessory organs (hair, nails, and glands)
51
2 distinct layers of skin
- epidermis: stratum corneum, and basal layer - dermis
52
epidermis
(s1) outer layer of skin, thickest over palms and soles, but relatively thin; composed of sublayers called strata
53
stratum corneum
(s2) composed of dead, flat cells and becomes filled with keratin (waterproof protein material) that prevents body fluids from evaporation and moisture entering the body
54
basal layer
(s3) contains melanocytes that produces melanin to provide protection from form ultraviolet radiation
55
functions of skin
protects from injury and ultraviolet rays, provides sensory information, regulates body temperature, and prevents dehydration
56
dermis (corium)
(s4) under epidermis; composed of living tissue + contains capillaries, lymphatic vessels, nerve endings
57
subcutaneous layer or hypodermis
(s5) binds the dermis to underlying structures; composed of loose connective tissue and adipose (fat) tissue interlaced with blood vessels. It stores fat, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates temperature
58
glands located in dermis
sudoriferous (sweat) glands and sebaceous (oil) gland; they're exocrine glands (secretes through ducts outside the body instead of bloodstream)
59
neoplasms
abnormal growths of new tissue that are classified as benign or malignant
60
benign neoplasms
noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue they're growing in (tumor)
61
malignant neoplasms
composed of cells that become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body (cancer)
62
TNM (tumor, node metastasis)
common staging tumors system - T: size and invasiveness of primary tumor - N: area lymph nodes involved - M: invasiveness (metastasis) of primary tumor
63
digestive system (gastrointestinal [GI] system)
consists of GI tract or alimentary canal + accessory organs (the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas)
64
digestive system primary functions
breaks down food (into nutrients), prepares food for absorption, and eliminate waste
65
1. Mouth (oral cavity)
(oral cavity- cheeks, lips, teeth, tongue, and palates); digestion begins in mouth. food is broken down mechanically (by teeth) and chemically (saliva-contains digestive enzymes);entire cavity is lined with mucous membranes)
66
2. Teeth, Tongue, Palates (digestive system)
- Teeth mechanically break down food. (Mastication) - Tongue manipulates the food, moving it backwards to swallow (deglutition) - Hard palate (anterior portion of roof of mouth), soft palates (posterior portion)
67
3. Pharynx, esophagus, and stomach
Tongue pushes bolus (food) into pharynx (throat), guided by uvula. Epiglottitis (small cartilage flap) forces food into esophagus.
68
Pharynx
Funnel shaped; passageway to respiratory and GI tract; provides resonating chamber for speech sound. Lowest portion of pharynx divides into two tubes: trachea (leads to lungs) and esophagus (leads to stomach)
69
Stomach
saclike structure in LUQ; food reservoir, continues mechanical + chemical digestion; extends from the esophagus to the duodenum (1st p. of small intestine)
70
chyme
71
fundus (digestive system)
functions as storage area
72
pylorus
73
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Medical Terminology (2 decks)

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