Medical Terminology Unit 7 - Abbreviations, Hormones, Diseases

Question 1

acromegaly

Answer 1

abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by an excess of growth hormone after the growth plates have closed.

Question 2

adrenal virilism

Answer 2

excessive production of adrenal androgens causing development of male characteristics

Question 3

amenorrhea

Answer 3

lack of menstrual flow

Question 4

diabetes insipidus

Answer 4

a condition causing polyuria due to hyposecretion of or resistance to antidiuretic hormone.

Question 5

dwarfism

Answer 5

caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone

Question 6

gigantism

Answer 6

caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone before growth plates close

Question 7

diabetes mellitus

Answer 7

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

Question 8

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 8

acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to utilize sugar, and thus, must burn fat for energy.

Question 9

dysmetabolic syndrome

Answer 9

combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism

Question 10

exophthalmos

Answer 10

protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket (bulging eyes)

Question 11

galactorrhea

Answer 11

discharge of milk

Question 12

goiter

Answer 12

thyromegaly, enlargement of the thyroid gland, thyrocele

Question 13

Graves’ Disease

Answer 13

thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hyperparathyroidism characterized by exophthalmos

Question 14

gynecomastia

Answer 14

development of breast tissue in males

Question 15

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 15

autoimmune condition that attacks the thyroid gland. It is the number one cause of hypothyroidism in the United States

Question 16

hirsutism

Answer 16

excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

Question 17

insulinoma

Answer 17

tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

Question 18

menarche

Answer 18

beginning of first menstruation

Question 19

myxedema

Answer 19

advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema (swelling) under the skin

Question 20

pancreatic pseudocyst

Answer 20

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

Question 21

pituitary dwarfism

Answer 21

abnormally short height caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.

Question 22

pituitary gigantism

Answer 22

abnormally tall height caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

Question 23

pituitary infarction or pituitary apoplexy

Answer 23

death of pituitary gland tissue usually due to hemorrhaging and associated with a pituitary tumor

Question 24

polydipsia

Answer 24

excessive thirst

Question 25

polyphagia

Answer 25

excessive eating

Question 26

thelarche

Answer 26

the beginning of breast development

Question 27

continuous glucose monitor

Answer 27

a compact device that regularly monitors glucose levels in the blood

Question 28

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Answer 28

continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump worn by the patient

Question 29

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Answer 29

procedure used to examine the ducts of the pancreas and gall bladder in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct

Question 30

glucosuria

Answer 30

diagnostic finding of glucose in the urine. This is usually a sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Question 31

glycemic index

Answer 31

ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

Question 32

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

Answer 32

removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (an instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)

Question 33

radioactive iodine uptake test

Answer 33

imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after administration of radioactive iodine either orally or intravenously

Question 34

ACTH

Answer 34

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 35

ADH

Answer 35

antidiuretic hormone

Question 36

BG

Answer 36

blood glucose

Question 37

BS

Answer 37

blood sugar

Question 38

CSII

Answer 38

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Question 39

CGM

Answer 39

continuous glucose monitor

Question 40

DI

Answer 40

diabetes insipidus

Question 41

DM

Answer 41

diabetes mellitus

Question 42

GDM

Answer 42

gestational diabetes mellitus

Question 43

ERCP

Answer 43

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Question 44

FBS

Answer 44

fasting blood sugar

Question 45

GH

Answer 45

growth hormone

Question 46

GTT

Answer 46

glucose tolerance test

Question 47

HgAiC

Answer 47

hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels)

Question 48

HRT

Answer 48

hormone replacement therapy

Question 49

IDDM, T1

Answer 49

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)

Question 50

NIDDM, T2

Answer 50

noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)

Question 51

PTH

Answer 51

parathyroid hormone

Question 52

RAIU

Answer 52

radioactive iodine uptake test

Question 53

T3

Answer 53

triiodothyronine

Question 54

T4

Answer 54

thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine

Question 55

TFT

Answer 55

thyroid function test

Question 56

TSH

Answer 56

thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

Question 57

oxytocin

Answer 57

made in the hypothalamus/neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary), target is the uterus, mammary glands, and brain cells. Action: stimulates the uterus to contract during childbirth, the mammary glands to release milk, and promotes social connections.

Question 58

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 58

Origin: hypothalamus/neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). Target: kidneys. Action: stimulates the kidneys to conserve water to limit the amount released in urine

Question 59

releasing hormones

Answer 59

Origin: hypothalamus. Target: adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). Action: stimulate adenohypophysis

Question 60

Growth Hormone

Answer 60

Origin: adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). Target: primarily bones and muscles. Action: promotes growth