Medicamentos Quiz # 2

Question 1

What are some antiulcer agents?

Answer 1

Pantoprazole (Protonix), Sucralfate (Carafate), Omeprazole (Prilosec), Famotidine (Peptic guard), Magnesium hydroxide/Aluminum hydroxide, Mesalamine ( Apriso-GI anti-inflammatory)

Question 2

What would you use antiulcer agents?

Answer 2

Duodenal/gastric ulcers, esophagitis, heartburn. H. GI bleeding/pain. Mesalamine-ulcerative colitis

Question 3

How would you know antiulcer and GI anti-inflammatory medications are doing their job?

Answer 3

Healing /prevention of ulcers and esophagitis; decreased symptoms of heartburn, pain, bleeding. Mesalamine (ulcerative colitis)

Question 4

What are some side effects of antiulcer and GI-anti-inflammatory medications?

Answer 4

Diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, abdominal pain, dizziness, drowsiness. Famotidine (ARRHYTMIAS, AGRANULOCYTOSIS, APLASTIC ANEMIA)

Question 5

What are some contraindications for antiulcer medications?

Answer 5

alcohol, severe abdominal pain, renal failure (CrCl <30ml)

Question 6

What are some lab values to be concerned about anti-ulcer agents?

Answer 6

Liver function, glucose, hepatic/renal functions, stool, CBCdiff, alkaline phosphate, bilirubin

Question 7

What are some recommendations for antiulcer users?

Answer 7

Avoid driving, alcohol, aspirin and other GI-irritant foods. Report black/tarry stools, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

Question 8

What are some antianxiety medications?

Answer 8

Lorazepam (Ativan), Diazepam (Diastat), Hydroxyzine (Atarax), Midazolam, Alprazolam (Xanax)

Question 9

What are other uses for antianxiety medications?

Answer 9

Sedative/hypnotics and (Diazepam-anticonvulsant), (Hydroxyzine-antiemetic and antihistamine)

Question 10

Common names for Diazepam, Lorazepam, Hydroxyzine, Alprazolam, Midazolam

Answer 10

Diastat, Ativan, Atarax, Xanax, none

Question 11

What are some uses for antianxiety medications?

Answer 11

Sedation, amnesia, decreased anxiety and panic attacks. Post-operative anesthesia. (Hydroxyzine-decreased nausea/vomiting & allergic reactions) (Diazepam-Decrease seizures and skeletal muscle relaxation)

Question 12

What are some side effects of antianxiety medications?

Answer 12

Drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, rashes, and phlebitis. Midazolam & Lorazepam (APNEA, CARDIAC ARREST, LARYNGOSPASM, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION)

Question 13

What are some contraindications for antianxiety medications?

Answer 13

Comatose patients, existing CNS depression, abnormal vitals, Hydroxyzine-dry mouth for more than 2 wks.

Question 14

What are some labs to be concerned about antianxiety medications?

Answer 14

Hepatic/renal function, hematologic. May cause false skin test results

Question 15

Overdose/toxicity antianxiety

Answer 15

Monitor BP, pulse ,and respiration- maintain patient’s airway and assist ventilation, If hypotension use vasopressor.

Question 16

What is the antidote for antianxiety medication?

Answer 16

Flumanecil (Romazicon)- contraindicated with patients with seizures

Question 17

What are some recommendations for antianxiety medication users?

Answer 17

Avoid alcohol, grape juice, CNS depressant, driving, ambulating without assistance. Take medication (at bedtime) with food if GI irritation occurs or dysphagia. Teach other methods to reduce anxiety: exercise, support groups, relaxation techniques

Question 18

What are some laxatives?

Answer 18

Docusate sodium, Lactulose, Polyethylene glycol

Question 19

What are some benzodiazepines?

Answer 19

Diazepam, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Midazolam

Question 20

Why would you use laxatives?

Answer 20

Treatment of chronic constipation, as enema as soften fecal impaction

Question 21

What are the generic names for the following laxatives: Lactulose, Polyethylene Glycol, Docusate Sodium

Answer 21

Cholac, Miralax, Colace

Question 22

Osmotics

Answer 22

Miralax and Colace

Question 23

Laxatives therapeutic effect

Answer 23

Decreased constipation. Lactulose-decreased blood ammonia level; Miralax-no water/electrolyte imbalance; Colace soften stool

Question 24

What are some side effects of laxatives?

Answer 24

Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, bloating, flatulence

Question 25

What are some contraindications for laxatives?

Answer 25

Abdominal pain, , bloating, diarrhea

Question 26

What are some lab values for laxatives?

Answer 26

Blood ammonia/glucose, electrolytes from diarrhea. | Colace-creatinine

Question 27

What are some recommendations for laxative users?

Answer 27

Administer with full glass of water/juice with/without food. Avoid other laxatives within 2 hr. Increase bulk in diet, fluid, and mobility. If cardiac disease, avoid straining during bowel movements (Valsava maneuver)

Question 28

What are some antidiarrheal?

Answer 28

Dyphenoxylate/Atropine

Question 29

Generic name for Dyphenoxylate/Atropine

Answer 29

Lomotil

Question 30

Why would you use Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?

Answer 30

To prevent diarrhea

Question 31

How would you know if Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil) is doing its job?

Answer 31

Decreased motility-perhaps some constipation

Question 32

What are some side effects of Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?

Answer 32

Constipation, dizziness. Other confusion, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting

Question 33

What are some labs values to look at when dealing with Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?

Answer 33

Liver functions, increased amylase

Question 34

S/s of Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil) toxicity

Answer 34

Abdominal pain, fever, palpitation

Question 35

Recommendations for Dyphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)?

Answer 35

Avoid driving, alcohol. Rinse mouth frequently, use sugarless gum and good oral hygiene to relieve dry mouth. Notify toxicity s/s

Question 36

What is a bone resorption inhibitor medication?

Answer 36

Alendronate

Question 37

What is the generic name for Alendronate?

Answer 37

Fosamax

Question 38

Why would you use Alendronate (Fosamax)?

Answer 38

postmenopausal osteoporosis, osteoporosis in men, and Piaget's disease

Question 39

What are some positive outcomes when using Alendronate (Fosamax)?

Answer 39

Decreased fractures and progression of Piaget's disease

Question 40

What are some side effects of Alendronate(Fosamax?

Answer 40

Musculoskeletal pain; Other headache, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, esophageal ulcer/cancer, esophagitis

Question 41

What are some contraindications for Alendronate (Fosamax)?

Answer 41

Abnormalities in the esophagus, Inability to stand for at least 30 min

Question 42

What are some lab values to look at when using Alendronate (Fosamax)?

Answer 42

Ca2+, , Vitamin deficiency, alkaline phosphate

Question 43

What are some recommendations for Alendronate (Fosamax) users?

Answer 43

Administer in the morning, use 6-8 oz. of water 30 min before other med/food. Do not break tabs. Remain upright for 30 min after dose to facilitate passage and minimize esophageal irritation. D/c if pain, difficult swallowing, or new/worsening heart burn. Supplement with ca2+ & Vitamin D. Avoid alcohol/smoking/outings. Notify blurred vision, eye pain or inflammation.

Question 44

What are some antirheumatics?

Answer 44

Sulfasalazine, Celecoxib, Infliximab

Question 45

What are the generic names of Sulfasalazine, Celecoxib, & Infliximab respectively?

Answer 45

Azulfidine, Celebrex, & Remicade

Question 46

Antirheumatics indications

Answer 46

Rheumatoid arthritis. Sulfasalazine/Infliximab-ulcerative colitis. Celecoxib/Infliximab-Ankylosing spondylitis. Celecoxib-Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea pain. Infliximab-Crhon's disease, plaque psoriasis

Question 47

What are some therapeutic effects of antirheumatics?

Answer 47

Decreased pain/tenderness/swelling and joint inflammation. . Increased mobility. Improved mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis.

Question 48

What are some side effects of antirheumatics?

Answer 48

Headache, rash, dizziness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting

Question 49

What are some serious side effects of Sulfasalazine?

Answer 49

Agranulocytosis, Aplastic anemia, serum sickness, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Question 50

What are some serious side effects of Infliximab?

Answer 50

Infections, malignancy

Question 51

What are some lab values to look at when using antirheumatics?

Answer 51

Renal function-crystalluria/calculi. hepatic function (d/c if jaundice or liver enzyme is 5 time greater than normal. CBCdiff (d/c if blood dyscrasias occur-persistent fever.

Question 52

Sulfasalazine contraindications

Answer 52

Rash, fever, malaise, fatigue, muscle/joint aches, blisters, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, hepatitis, eosinophilia

Question 53

Celecoxib contraindications

Answer 53

Allergy to NAIDs, aspirin, sulfonamide. History of asthma, urticaria

Question 54

Infliximab contraindications

Answer 54

Patients with new infections or sepsis. S/s of infection: fever, malaise, weight loss, sweats, cough, dyspnea, pulmonary infiltrates

Question 55

Antirheumatic toxicity

Answer 55

(abdominal pain, black stools) skin rash, unexplained weight gain, fever mouth sores, sore throat, unusual bleeding, wheezing, pruritus

Question 56

What are some recommendations for antirheumatics?

Answer 56

Avoid driving, alcohol, NAIDS, sun exposure. Infliximab-Administer after meals. Do not break. Avoid antacids. Report fungal infections, s/s of malignancies e.g. abdominal pain, persistent fever, night sweats, weight loss, sphenomegali, hepatomegaly. Sulfasalazine-skin rash, sore throat, s/s of allergic reactions

Question 57

What are some antigout medications?

Answer 57

Allopurinol, Colchicine

Question 58

What are the generic names of Allopurinol and Colchicine respectively?

Answer 58

Aloprim and Colcrys

Question 59

Indications Allopurinol (Aloprim)

Answer 59

Prevention of attack of gouty arthritis and nephropathy, hyperuricemia

Question 60

Indications Colchicine (colcrys)

Answer 60

Decreased inflammation/pain, number/frequency in acute gout attacks.