Medication Formulary Flashcards

Question

Atropine Indications

Answer 1

Symptomatic BradycardiaOrganophosphate Poisoning

Answer 2

Organophosphate Poisoning - 1mg IV, Repeat at 3-5min intervals to ensure minimal salivary secretions.Symptomatic Bradycardia - 0.5mg IV. Repeat at 3-5min intervals to max 3mg.

Answer 3

Anticholinergic agentBlocks acetylcholine receptors-enhances SA node automaticity-enhances AV node conduction-increases heart rate

Answer 4

TachycardiaDry MouthDilated Pupils

Answer 5

Accidental exposure to the eye causes blurred vision

Answer 6

Antibiotic, antibacterial

Answer 7

Benzylpenicillin is an antibiotic agent

Answer 8

Intravenous (IV) or Intraosseous (IO).May give by IM injection if no IV access.IV/IO - Reconstitute each 600mg vial with 4ml of water for injection and give by slow IV injection over 3-5mins.IM - Reconstitute each 600mg vial with 2ml of water for injection

Answer 9

Intravenous (IV)Intrados serous (IO)

Answer 10

Suspected or confirmed Meningococcal Sepsis

Answer 11

Adult - 1200mg IV, IO or IMPaed - > 8 yrs - 1200mg1-8 yrs - 600mg< 1 yr - 300mg

Answer 12

AntibacterialGram positive cocci antibiotic

Answer 13

Gastro-intestinal disturbancesHypersensitivity rections

Answer 14

Also called Penicillin G

Answer 15

Platelet aggregator inhibitor

Answer 16

An inhibitor of platelet function

Answer 17

Orally (PO)

Answer 18

Identification of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Answer 19

KSARActive Pathological BleedingSevere Liver Impairment

Answer 20

600mg PO> 75yrs 75mg PO

Answer 21

Clopidogrel selectivelyinhibits the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet receptor, and the subsequent ADP - mediated activation of the GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation.Biotransformation of clopidogrel is necessary to produce inhibition of platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel acts by irreversibly modifying the platelet ADP receptor

Answer 22

Abdominal PainDyspepsiaDiarrhoea

Answer 23

Paramedics are authorised to administer Clopidogrel PO following identification of STEMI and medical practitioner instruction

Answer 24

Anti-emetic

Answer 25

Used in management of nausea and vomiting

Answer 26

Ampoule 50mg in 1ml

Answer 27

Intravenous (IV)Intraosseous (IO)

Answer 28

Management, prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting

Answer 29

Adult - 50mg IV/IOPaed - not indicated

Answer 30

Anti-emetic

Answer 31

TachycardiaDry MouthSedation

Answer 32

IM route should only be utilised where IV or IO access is not available

Answer 33

Carbohydrate

Answer 34

Dextrose is used to describe the six-carbon sugar d-glucose, which is the principal form of carbohydrate used by the body.D10W is a hypertonic solution

Answer 35

Soft pack for infusion 250ml and 500ml

Answer 36

Intravenous (IV)Intraosseous (IO)

Answer 37

Hypoglycaemic emergencyBlood glucose level < 4 mmol/L

Answer 38

Adult - 250ml IV/IORepeat X 1 prnPaed - 5ml/KgRepeat X 1 prn

Answer 39

Hypertonic glucose solutionReadily utilisable energy sourse

Answer 40

Necrosis of tissue around IV access

Answer 41

Also called GlucoseCannula patency will reduce the effect of tissue necrosis

Answer 42

Sympathetic Agonist

Answer 43

Naturally occurring catecholamine. It is a potent alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant; however, its effect on beta-receptors is more profound

Answer 44

Pre-filled syringe 1mg/10ml (1:10,000) as 0.1mg/ml

Answer 45

Intravenous (IV)Intraosseous (IO)

Answer 46

Cardiac ArrestPaediatric Symptomatic Bradycardia unresponsive to other measures

Answer 47

Adult: Cardiac Arrest 1mg (1:10,000)Repeat every 3-5 minsPaed:Cardiac Arrest 0.01mg/kg (0.1ml/mg) (1:10,000)Repeat every 3-5 minsBradycardia 0.01mg/kg (0.1ml/mg) (1:10,000)Repeat every 3-5 mins

Answer 48

Alpha and beta adrenergic stimulantIncreases heart rate - Chronotropic effectIncreases Myocardial contractions - inotropic effectIncreases Blood PressureIncreases electrical activity in the myocardiumincreases cerebral and coronary blood flowDilation of the bronchioles

Answer 49

In non cardiac arrest patients-Palpatationa-Tachyarrhythmias-Hypertension

Answer 50

N.B. Double check concentrations before use

Answer 51

Sympathetic Agonist

Answer 52

Naturally occurring catecholamine. It is a potent alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant; however, its effect on beta-receptors is more profound

Answer 53

Pre-filled syringe, ampoule or auto injector1mg/ml (1:1,000)

Answer 54

Intramuscular (IM)

Answer 55

Severe Anaphylaxis

Answer 56

None known

Answer 57

Adult:0.5mg (500mcg) (1:1,000) IMRepeat every 3-5 mins if indicatedPaed:8yrs - 0.5mg (500mcg) (.05ml)repeat every 3-5 mins if indicated

Answer 58

Alpha and beta adrenergic stimulant.Reversal of laryngeal oedema and bronchospasm in anaphylaxis.Antagonises effects of histamine

Answer 59

PalpitationsAngina like symptomsTachyarrhythmiasHypertension

Answer 60

N.B. Double check the concentration on pack before use

Answer 61

A loop diuretic

Answer 62

10mg per mL2ml, 5ml, 25ml Ampoule

Answer 63

Intravenous (IV)

Answer 64

Pulmonary Oedema

Answer 65

PregnancyHypokalaemiaKSAR

Answer 66

Adult: 40mg IVPaed: not indicated

Answer 67

Acts on the ascending loop of Henle by inhibiting the reabsorption of Chloride and Sodium ions into the interstitial fluid. This results in a relative hypertonic state. Water is retained in the loop and eliminated via the bladder.It also causes venodilation which reduces venous return to the heart

Answer 68

HeadacheDizzinessHypotensionArrhythmiasTransient deafnessDiarrhoeaNausea Vomiting

Answer 69

Furosemide should be protected from light

Answer 70

Hormone and Anti-hypoglycaemic

Answer 71

Glucagon is a protein secreted by the alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It is used to increase the blood glucose level in cases of hypoglycaemia in which an IV cannot by immediately be placed

Answer 72

1mg vial powder for reconstitution (1ml)

Answer 73

Intramuscular (IM)

Answer 74

Hypoglycaemia in patients unable to take oral glucose or unable to gain IV access with a blood glucose level <4mmol/L

Answer 75

KSARPhaeochromocytoma

Answer 76

Adult: 1mg IMPaed: ≤ 8yrs 0.5mg IM> 8yrs 1mg IM

Answer 77

Glycogenolysis.Increases plasma glucose by mobilising glycogen stored in the liver

Answer 78

Rare: may cause Hypotension, dizziness, headache, nausea & Vomiting

Answer 79

May be ineffective in patients with low stored glycogen e.g. prior use in previous 24 hours, alcoholic patients with liver disease.Protect from light

Answer 80

Anti-hypoglycaemic

Answer 81

Synthetic glucose paste

Answer 82

Glucose gel in a tube or sachet

Answer 83

Buccal Administration (BU)Administer gel to the inside of the patient's cheek and gently massage the outside of the cheek

Answer 84

HypoglycaemiaBlood glucose <4 mmol/L

Answer 85

Adult: 10 - 20g buccalPaed: ≤ 8yrs: 5 - 10g buccal> 8yrs: 10 - 20g buccal

Answer 86

Increases blood glucose levels

Answer 87

May cause vomiting in patients under the age of five if administered too quickly

Answer 88

Glucose gel will maintain glucose levels once raised but should be used secondary to Dextrose or Glucagon to reverse hypoglycaemia.Proceed with caution:- patients with airway compromise-altered level of consciousness

Answer 89

Anticoagulant

Answer 90

Enoxaparin is a Low Molecular Weight Heparin used in conjunction with a thrombolytic agent for the treatment of STEMI

Answer 91

Prefilled syringes (100mg/mL)

Answer 92

Intravenous (IV)

Answer 93

Acute STEMI immediately following the administration of a thrombolytic agent

Answer 94

Active major bleeding disorders and conditions with a high risk of uncontrolled haemorrhage, including recent haemorrhagic stroke or subdural haematoma; in jaundice; active gastric or duodenal ulceration; hiatal ulceration; threatened abortion, or retinopathy.Hypersensitivity to Enoxaparin or other LMWH.KSAR

Answer 95

Adult: 30mg IV BolusPaed: not indicated

Answer 96

It binds to the natural inhibitor of coagulation, anti-thrombin III and makes certain clotting factors inactive. This results in an increase in the clotting time

Answer 97

Pain, Haematoma and mild local irritation may follow the subcutaneous injection

Answer 98

Do not store above 25°CDo not refrigerate or freeze.

Answer 99

Special preparation of Glyceryl Trinitrate in an aerosol form that delivers precisely 0.4mg of GTN per spray

Answer 100

Aerosol spray: metered dose 0.4mg (400mcg)

Answer 101

Sublingual (SL)

Answer 102

AnginaSuspected Myocardial Infarction (MI)Pulmonary Oedema

Answer 103

Sys BP <90 mmHgViagra or other Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (sildenafil,taladafil, vardenafil) used within previous 24 hoursKSAR

Answer 104

Adult:Angina or MI: 0.4mg repeat at 3-5 mins to max 1.2mgPulmonary Oedema: 0.8mg Repeat X 1Paed: not indicated

Answer 105

VasodilatorReleases nitric oxide which acts as a vasodilator. Dilates coronary arteries particularly if in spasm, increasing blood flow to the myocardium.Dilates systemic veins reducing venous return to the heart (preload) and thus reduces the heart workload.Reduces BP.

Answer 106

HeadacheTransient HypotensionFlushingDizziness

Answer 107

If the pump is new or has not been used for a week or more the first spray should be released into the air

Answer 108

Corticosteroid and anti-inflammatory

Answer 109

Hydrocortisone is a potent corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties

Answer 110

Powder and solvent for solution for injection or infusion.Vial containing off white powder and vial containing water for injections. Prepare the solution aseptically by adding not more than 2ml of sterile water for injections to the contents of one 100mg vial, shake and withdraw for use.

Answer 111

Intravenous (IV)Intramuscular (IM)The preferred route for initial emergency use is intravenous

Answer 112

Severe or recurrent anaphylactic reactionsPatients with asthma following an anaphylactic reactionExacerbation of COPD

Answer 113

No major contraindications in acute management of anaphylaxis

Answer 114

Adult: 200mg IM or slow IV (over 1 - 10mins)Paed:< 1 year - 25mg IM or slow IV (over 1 - 10mins)1 to 5 years - 50mg IM or slow IV (over 1 - 10mins)6 to 12 years - 100mg IM or slow IV (over 1 - 10mins)> 12 years - 130mg IM or slow IV (over 1 - 10mins)

Answer 115

Potent anti-inflammatory properties and inhibit many substances that cause inflammation. the half life is 90 mins

Answer 116

CCF, Hypertension, Abdominal distension, Vertigo, Headache, Nausea, Malaise and Hiccups

Answer 117

Intramuscular injection should avoid the deltoid area because of the possibility of tissue atrophy.Dosage should not be less than 25mg

Answer 118

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer 119

It is used to reduce mild to moderate pain

Answer 120

Suspension 100mg in 5ml200mg tablet

Answer 121

Orally (PO)

Answer 122

Mild to moderate pain

Answer 123

Not suitable for children under 3 monthsPatient with history of asthma exacerbated by aspirinPregnancyPeptic ulcer diseaseKSAR

Answer 124

Adult: 400mg (PO)Paed: 10mg/Kg (PO)

Answer 125

Suppresses prostaglandins, which cause pain via its inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX).Prostaglandins are released by cell damage and inflammation

Answer 126

Skin Rashes, GI Intolerance and bleeding.LTSE - Occasionally Gi Bleeding and ulceration occurs.May also cause acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis and nephritic syndrome

Answer 127

If ibuprofen administered in previous 6 hours, adjust the dose downward by the amount given by other sources resulting in a maximum of 10mg/Kg

Answer 128

Anticholinergic

Answer 129

It is a parasympatholytic bronchodilator that is chemically related to atropine

Answer 130

0.25mg (250mcg) in 1ml Nebuliser Solution

Answer 131

Nebulised (NEB) mixed with age specific dose of Salbutamol dose

Answer 132

Acute severs asthma not responding to initial salbutamol dose

Answer 133

Adult: 0.5mg NEBPaed: 0.25mg NEB

Answer 134

It blocks muscarinic receptors associated with parasympathetic stimulation of the bronchial air passageways. This results in bronchial dilation and reduced bronchial secretions

Answer 135

Transient Dry MouthBlurred VisionTachycardiaHeadache

Answer 136

Anti-arrhythmic

Answer 137

Ventricular anti-arrhythmic agent

Answer 138

Lidocaine Injection Minijet 1% w/v 100mg per ml

Answer 139

Intravenous (IV)Intraosseous (IO)

Answer 140

When Amiodarone is unavailable it may be substituted with Lidocaine

Answer 141

No contraindications for cardiac arrest

Answer 142

Adult: 1 - 1.5mg/Kg IV (Max 3mg/Kg)Paed: not indicated

Answer 143

Reduces automaticity by decreasing the rate of diastolic depolarisation.Stabilises the neuronal membrane and prevents the initiation and transmission of nerve impulses, action is rapid and blockade may last up to 2 hours

Answer 144

Drowsiness, dizziness, twitching, paraesthesia, convulsionsBradycardiaRespiratory depression

Answer 145

Lidocaine may not be administered if Amiodarone has been administrated

Answer 146

Benzodiazepine

Answer 147

It is an anxiolytic used as a sedative

Answer 148

1mg tablet

Answer 149

Orally (PO)

Answer 150

Combative with hallucinations or paranoia & risk to self or others

Answer 151

History of sensitivity to benzodiazepinesSevere hepatic or pulmonary insufficiencySuspected significant alcohol and or sedatives ingestedKSAR

Answer 152

Adult: 2mg POPaed: not indicated

Answer 153

Acts on CNS receptors to potentiate the inhibitory action of GABA

Answer 154

Drowsiness, Confusion, Headache, Dizziness, Blurred Vision and Nausea & VomitingOn rare occasions - hypotension, hypertension

Answer 155

Electrolyte and Tocolytic agent

Answer 156

It is a salt that is an essential element in numerous biochemical reactions that occur within the body

Answer 157

5g in 10mL ampoule

Answer 158

Intravenous (IV)Intraosseous (IO)

Answer 159

Torsades de pointesPersistent Bronchospasm

Answer 160

None in cardiac arrestKSAR

Answer 161

Adult:Torsades: 2g IV/IO infusion over 15 minutesBronchospasm: 1.5g IV/IO over 20 minutesPaed: not indicated

Answer 162

It acts as a physiological calcium channel blocker and blocks neuromuscular transmission

Answer 163

Decreased deep tendon reflexes, respiratory depression, bradycardia and hypothermia

Answer 164

Dilute in 100mL NaCl for infusion

Answer 165

Benzodiazepine

Answer 166

It is a potent sedative agent. Clinical experience has shown Midazolam to be 3 to 4 times more potent per mg as Diazepam

Answer 167

10mg in 2ml ampoule or 10mg in 5ml ampoule.Buccal liquid 50mg in 5ml or 10mg in 1ml pre-filled syringe

Answer 168

Intravenous (IV)Intraosseous (IO)Intramuscular (IM)Buccal (BU)Intranasal (IN) (50% in each nostril)

Answer 169

SeizuresPsychostimulant overdoseHallucinations or paranoia

Answer 170

ShockDepressed vital signs or alcohol related altered level of consciousnessKSARRespiratory depression

Answer 171

Adult:Seizure: 2.5mg IV or 5mg IM or 10mg BU or 5mg IN (repeat X 1 prn)Psych OD: 2.5mg IV or 5mg IM (repeat X 2 prn)Halllucinations or Paranoia: 5mg IV/IMPaed:Seizure: 0.5mg/Kg BU or 0.2mg/Kg IN or 0.1mg/Kg IV/IO (repeat X 1 prn)

Answer 172

It affects the activity of a chemical that transmits impulses across nerve synapses called Gamma-AminoButyric Acid (GABA). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Midazolam works by increasing the effects of GABA at these receptors

Answer 173

Respiratory DepressionHeadacheHypotensionDrowsiness

Answer 174

Midazolam IV should be titrated to effect. Ensure oxygen and resuscitation equipment are available prior to administration. The max dose of Midazolam includes that administered by caregiver prior to arrival of practitioner

Answer 175

Narcotic Analgesic

Answer 176

CNS depressant and a potent analgesic with haemodynamic properties that make it extremely useful in emergency medicine

Answer 177

Ampoule 10mg in 1ml (dilute in 9ml of NaCl)Supension (10mg/5ml)

Answer 178

Intravenous (IV)Intraosseous (IO)Orally (PO)Intramuscular (IM)

Answer 179

Adult: Severe Pain (≥ 5 on pain scale)Paed: Severe Pain (≥ 6 on pain scale)

Answer 180

PO < 1 Year oldKSARBrain InjuryLabour painsAcute alcoholismAcute respiratory drpressionSys BP < 90mmHgMigraine

Answer 181

Adult: 2mg IV/IO Repeat at not < 2 minute intervals if indicated to Max 10mgFor musculoskeletal pain Max 16mgUp to 10mg IM ( if not cardiac chest pain and no IV access)Paed: 0.3mg/Kg (300mcg/Kg) PO (Max 10mg)0.05mg/Kg (50mcg/Kg) IV/IORepeat at not < 2 min prn to Max of 0.1mg/Kg IV/IO

Answer 182

Opiate AnalgesicActs on CNS to educe pain & anxietyVasodilation resulting in reduced peload to myocardium

Answer 183

Respiratory depressionDrowsinessNausea & vomitingConstipationLTSE - May lead to dependence

Answer 184

Use with extreme caution particularly with elderly/youngCaution with acute respiratory distressN.B. Controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act (1977, 1984)

Answer 185

Narcotic antagonist

Answer 186

Effective in management and reversal of overdoses caused by narcotics or synthetic narcotic agents

Answer 187

Ampoules 0.4mg in 1mL (400mcg/1mL) Pre-filled syringe

Answer 188

Intravenous (IV)Intraosseous (IO)Intramuscular (IM)Subcutaneous (SC)

Answer 189

Respiratory rate < 10 secondary to known or suspected narcotic overdose

Answer 190

Adult: 0.4mg IV/IO/IM/SC. Repeat after 3min if indicated to Max 2mg.Paed: 0.01mg/Kg (10mcg/Kg) IV/IO/IM/SC.Repeat dose prn to maintain opoid reversal to max 0.1mg/Kg or 2mg

Answer 191

Narcotic antagonistReverse the respiratory depression and analgesic effect of narcotics

Answer 192

Acute reversal of narcotic effect ranging from nausea & vomiting to agitation & seizures

Answer 193

Use with caution in pregnancyAdminister with caution to patients who have taken large dose of narcotics ar are physically dependent.Rapid reversal will precipitate acute withdrawal syndrome.Prepare to deal with aggressive patients

Answer 194

Tocolytic agent and calcium channel blocker

Answer 195

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

Answer 196

20mg tablet

Answer 197

Orally (PO)

Answer 198

Prolapsed cord

Answer 199

HypotensionKSAR

Answer 200

Adults: 20mg POPaed: not indicated

Answer 201

Inhibits muscle contraction by interfering with the movement of calcium ions through the slow channels of active cell membrane

Answer 202

HypotensionHeadacheBradycardiaNausea & Vomiting

Answer 203

Close monitoring of maternal pulse & BP is required and continuous foetal monitoring should be carried out if possible

Answer 204

Potent analgesic gas contains a mixture of both nitrous oxide and oxygen

Answer 205

Cylinder, coloured blue with white anf blue triangles on cylinder shoulders.Medical Gas: 50% Nitrous Oxide & 50% Oxygen

Answer 206

Self administered.Inhalation by demand valve with face mask or mouthpiece

Answer 207

Pain Relief

Answer 208

ShockChest Injury / PneumothoraxAltered Level of ConsciousnessRecent Scuba DiveInhalation InjuryDecompression SicknessIntestinal ObstructionCarbon Monoxide poisoningKSAR

Answer 209

Self Administered until pain relieved

Answer 210

Analgesic agent gas:- CNS Depressant- Pain relief

Answer 211

DisinhibitionDecreased level of consciousnessLight headedness

Answer 212

Do not use if patient unable to understand instructions.In cold temperatures, warm cylinder and invert to ensure mix of gases.Advanced paramedics may use discretion with minor chest injuries.Brand name: Entonox.Has an addictive property

Answer 213

Anti-emetic

Answer 214

Used in the management of nausea & vomiting.Potent, highly selective 5HT3 receptor-antagonists

Answer 215

Ampoule 2ml (4mg in 2ml)

Answer 216

Intravenous (IV)

Answer 217

Management, prevention and treatment of nausea & vomiting

Answer 218

Adult: 4mg slow IVPaed: 0.1mg/Kg IV slowly to Max 4mg

Answer 219

Precise mode of action in the control of nausea & vomiting is not known

Answer 220

HeadacheSensation of warmthFlushingHiccups

Answer 221

Odourless, tasteless, colourless gas necessary for life

Answer 222

D,E, or F cylinders, coloured black with white shouldersCD cylinder; white cylinderMedical Gas

Answer 223

Inhalation via:- high concentration reservoir (non-rebreather) mask- simple face mask- venturi mask- tracheostomy mask- nasal cannula- bag valve mask

Answer 224

Absent/inadequate vebtilation following an cute medical or traumatic event.SpO2 < 94% adults and < 96% paedsSpO2 < 92% for patients with acute exacerbation of COPD

Answer 225

Paraquat poisoningBleomycin lung injury

Answer 226

Adult:Cardiac / Respiratory arrest: 100%Life Threats identified in Primary survey: 100% until reliable SpO2 of 94% - 98%COPD: titrate to 92%Everything else: titrate to 94%- 98%Paed: cardiac/respiratory arrest: 100%Life Threats Prim Surv: 100% titrate to 96% -98%Everything else: titrate to 96% - 98%

Answer 227

Oxygenation of tissue/organs

Answer 228

Prolonged use of O2 with chronic COPD patients may lead to reduction in ventilation stimulus

Answer 229

A written record must be made of what oxygen therapy is given to every patient. Documentation recording oximetry measurements should state whether patient is breathing air or a specified dose of supplemental oxygen. consider humidifier if O2 therapy for paed patients is > 30 mins duration. Avoid naked flames, powerful oxidising agent.

Answer 230

Analgesic and anti-pyretic

Answer 231

Paracetamol is used to reduce pain and body temperature

Answer 232

Rectal suppository 180mg and 60mg.Suspension 120mg in 5mL.500mg Tablet

Answer 233

Per rectum (PR)Orally (PO)

Answer 234

Pyrexia following seizure for paed patients.AP's may administer Paracetamol, in the absence of a seizure for the current episode, provided the paediatric patient is pyrexial and has a previous history of febrile convulsions.Minor or moderate pain for adult and paediatric patients

Answer 235

KSARChronic Liver disease

Answer 236

Adult: 1g POPaed:20mg/Kg PO< 1 Year - 60mg PR1 - 3 Years - 180mg PR4 - 8 Years - 360mg PR

Answer 237

Analgesic - central prostaglandin inhibitor.Anti-pyretic - Prevents the hypothalamus from synthesising Prostaglandin E, inhibiting the body temperature from rising further.

Answer 238

None.LTSE - Long term use at high dosage or over dosage can cause liver damage and less frequently renal damage

Answer 239

Note: Paracetamol is contained in Paracetamol Suspension and other over the counter drugs.Consult with parent/guardian in relation to medication prior to arrival on scene. For PR use be aware of modesty of patient, should be administered in the presednc of a 2nd person.If paracetamol is administered in previous 4 hours, adjust the dose downward by the amount given by other sources resulting in a maximum of 20mg/Kg

Answer 240

Sympathetic agonist

Answer 241

Sympathomimetic that is selective for Beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Answer 242

Nebule 2.5mg in 2.5mLNebule 5mg in 2.5mLAerosol Inhaler: metered dose 0.1mg

Answer 243

Inhalation (INH) via nebuliser

Answer 244

BronchospasmExacerbation of COPDRespiratory distress following submersion incident

Answer 245

Adult: 5mg Neb Repeat at 5 min prn (AP X 3, P X 1)Paed: <5 yrs - 2.5mg Neb≥ 5yrs - 5mg Neb Repeat at 5min prn (AP X 3, P X 1)

Answer 246

Beta 2 agonistBronchodilationRelaxation of smooth muscle

Answer 247

TachycardiaTremorsTachyarrhythmiasLTSE: High doses may cause hpokalaemia

Answer 248

It is more efficient to use a volumiser in conjunction with an aerosol inhaler when administering Salbutamol.If an Oxygen driven nebuliser is used to administer Salbutamol for a patient with acute exacerbation of COPD, it should be limited to 6 minutes maximum

Answer 249

Alkalinizing Agent

Answer 250

A salt that is an alkalinizing agent and electrolyte supplement

Answer 251

Glass vial 8.4% in 50ml

Answer 252

Intravenous (IV)

Answer 253

Wide complex QRS arrhythmias and/or seizures following tricyclic (TCA) overdoseCardiac arrest following Tricyclic overdose

Answer 254

Adult: 1mEq/Kg (1ml/Kg 8.4% solution)Paed: not indicated

Answer 255

TCA excretion from the body is enhanced by making the urine more alkaline (raising the pH)

Answer 256

Nil when used for emergencies

Answer 257

Isotonic crystalloid solution

Answer 258

Solution of sodium and chloride, also known as normal saline (NaCl)

Answer 259

100ml, 500ml, 1000ml soft-pack for infusion10ml Ampoules

Answer 260

Intravenous (IV) InfusionIntravenous (IV) FlushIntraosseous (IO)

Answer 261

IV/IO fluid for pre-hospital emergency care

Answer 262

Anaphylaxis: 1000ml (Rpt X 1)Burns: >10% TBSA consider 500ml >25% TBSA & 1 hr from injury to ED, 1000mlCrush Injury: 20ml/KgDecompression Illness:500mlGlycaemic Emergency: 1000mlHypothermia: 250ml (warmed to ≈ 40°C) Max 1000mlKVO or medication flush in Cardiac arrestPost-resus care: 500ml (at ≈ 4°C) Maintain Sys BP >90mmHgShock: 500ml. rpt 250ml to maintain Sys BP of:- 100mmHg (hypovolaemia or septic)- 90 - 100mmHg (Head Inj GCS >8)- 120mmHg (Head Inj GCS ≤8)Cardiac Arrest: 20ml/Kg

Answer 263

Anaphylaxis: 20ml/Kg (Rpt X 1)Burns: >10% TBSA and/or 1 hr from injury to ED:5 ≤ 10 yrs 250ml, >10 yrs 500mlCrush Injury: 20ml/KgGlycaemic Emergency: 20ml/KgHypothermia: 20ml/Kg (warmed to ≈ 40°C) Haemorrhagic shock: 10ml/Kg, rpt if signs of inadequate perfusionKVO or medication flush in Cardiac arrestPost-resus care: 20ml/Kg (at ≈ 4°C) Neonatal Resus: 10ml/KgShock: 20ml/KgCardiac Arrest: 20ml/Kg

Answer 264

Isotonic crystalloid solutionFluid replacement

Answer 265

Excessive volume replacement may lead to heart failure

Answer 266

NaCl is the IV/IO fluid of choice for pre-hospital emergency care.For KVO use 500ml pack only

Answer 267

Synthetic Hormone

Answer 268

Ergometrine maleate 0.5mg and synthetic oxytocin 5 units per mL

Answer 269

1mL ampoule

Answer 270

Intramuscular (IM)

Answer 271

Control of post-partum Haemorrhage

Answer 272

Severe kidney, live or cardiac dysfunction.Sepsis.KSAR

Answer 273

Adult: 1mL IMPaed: not indicated

Answer 274

Causes Rhythmic contraction of uterine smooth muscle, thereby constricting uterine blood vessels

Answer 275

Nausea & vomitingAbdominal painHeadacheDizzinessCardiac arrhythmias

Answer 276

Ensure that a second foetus is not in the uterus prior to administration

Answer 277

Thrombolytic agent

Answer 278

A recombinant fibrin-specific plasminogen activator

Answer 279

Powder and solvent for solution.1 vial contains 10,000 units (50mg) Tenecteplase.1 prefilled syringe contains 10mL water for injections.The reconstituted solution contains 1,000 units (5mg) tenecteplase per mL

Answer 280

Intravenous (IV)

Answer 281

Patient conscious, coherent and understands therapy.Patient consent obtained. 20 mins & ≤ 6 hours.Time to PPCI centre > 90 mins of STEMI confirmation on 12 lead ECG

Answer 282

Haemorrhagic stroke or stroke of unknown origin at any time.Ischaemic stroke in previous 6 months.CNS damage or neoplasms.Recent major trauma/ surgery/ head injury (within 3 weeks).GI bleeding within last month.Active peptic ulcer.Known bleeding disorder.Oral anticoagulant therapy.Aortic Dissection.TIA in preceding 6 mths.Pregnancy and within 1 week post partum.Non-compressible punctures.Traumatic resuscitation.Refractory HTN (Sys BP >180mmHg).Advanced liver diseaseInfective endocarditis

Answer 283

Adult: < 70Kg - 7,000units, 35mg, 7mL70 < 80Kg - 8,000units, 40mg, 8mL80 < 90Kg - 9,000units, 45mg, 9ml≥90Kg - 10,000units, 50mg, 10mLPaed; not indicated

Answer 284

Tenecteplase is a recombinant fibrin-specific plasminogen activator that is derived from native t-PA by modifications at three sites of the protein structure. It binds to the fibrin component of the thrombus (Blood clot) and selectively converts thrombus-bound plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades the fibrin matrix of the thrombus.

Answer 285

Haemorrhage predominantly superficial at the injection site. Ecchymoses are observed commonly but usually do not require any specific action.Stroke (including intracranial bleeding) and other serious bleeding episodes.

Answer 286

Enoxaparin should be used as antithrombotic adjunctive therapy.

Answer 287

Narcotic analgesic

Answer 288

Synthetic narcotic analgesic with a rapid onset and short durationof action. It has a half-life of 6.5 minutes when IN route is used.

Answer 289

100 micrograms in 2 mL ampoule. (0.1 mg in 2 mL)

Answer 290

Intranasal (IN)

Answer 291

Acute severe pain in patients between 1 and 16 years old (≥ 1 yearand < 16 years).

Answer 292

``` Known fentanyl hypersensitivity ALoC Bilateral occluded nasal passage Nasal trauma Epistaxis Hypovolaemia. ```

Answer 293

Adult: Not applicableAdolescent: (14 to < 16 years)0.0015 mg/Kg (1.5 mcg/Kg) IN. Repeat by one after 10 minutes ifsevere pain persists. Paediatric:0.0015 mg/Kg (1.5 mcg/Kg) IN. Repeat by one after 10 minutes ifsevere pain persists.

Answer 294

Fentanyl provides some of the effects typical of other opioidsthrough its agonism of the opioid receptors. Its strong potency inrelation to that of morphine is largely due to its high lipophilicity.Because of this, it can more easily penetrate the CNS.Fentanyl binds to μ-opioid G-protein-coupled receptors, whichinhibit pain neurotransmitter release by decreasing intracellularCa2+ levels.

Answer 295

Sedation Nausea & vomiting Respiratory Depression

Answer 296

Caution if patient has transdermal Fentanyl patch. Include an additional 0.1 mL, to allow for dead space in MAD, in the calculated volume required. Administer 50% volume in each nostril if more than 1 mL.

Answer 297

AntiArrhythmic Agent

Answer 298

Antiarrhythmic agent used to treat Supraventricular Tachycardia

Answer 299

6mg in 2ml | 3mg/ml solution for infusion vials

Answer 300

Intravenous IV

Answer 301

Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (>150) with signs of poor perfusion

Answer 302

``` Asthma Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Decompensated Heart Failure Long QT Syndrome 2º & 3º AV Block Severe Hypotension Sick Sinus (unless pacemaker fitted) KSAR ```

Answer 303

6mg IV | Repeat @ 12mg x 2 Max

Answer 304

Rapid reversion to sinus rhythm of paroxysmal Supraventricular tachycardia

Answer 305

``` Angina (discontinue) Apprehension - arrhythmia (discontinue if asystole or severe bradycardia occur) AV Block Dizziness Dyspnoea Flushing Headache Nausea Sinus Pause ``` Uncommon: Blurred Vision / Hyperventilation / Metallic Taste / Palpitation / Sweating / Weakness

Answer 306

``` Atrial Fibrillation with accessory pathway Atrial Flutter with accessory pathway AV Block Bundle Branch Block 1º AV Block Heart Transplant Recent MI Severe Heart Failure Stenotic Valvular Heart Disease Uncorrected Hypovolaemia ```